Ata Caldera

Some of the recent literature separates the caldera into a northern almost completely submerged caldera that generated the Ata tephra and Ata ignimbrite, and a southern caldera which includes the recently active Ikeda Caldera and the Kaimondake stratovolcano in the Ibusuki Volcanic Field. [1] This southern caldera first had the Ata name but is not believed now to be associated with the vents of the major eruption of 100,000 years ago.[7] High resolution Bouguer gravity imaging of Kyushu is consistent with the larger caldera being the Ata North Caldera but suggests it may be centered near the island of Chiringashima, and that the Ata South Caldera is the smaller in size, overlaps it being centred near Yamagawafukumoto district.[2]

The National Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes of Japan (JMA, 2013) included features of the Ibusuki Volcanic Field as part of the Ata post-caldera system.[3] By this definition the single caldera may be a rounded triangle about 30km in length and up to 25km in width,[1] although the usual quoted size is smaller.

Immediately adjacent to the north of the caldera is the Sakurajima volcano in the Aira Caldera and further away to the south along what has been termed the Kagoshima Graben[1] is the Kikai Caldera.[8] This alignment was first described by Tadaiti Matumoto in the 1940s.[7] The alignment extends all the way north past Mount Kirishima to intersect the Aso Caldera by gravitational anomaly.[2] The tectonic processes are rather complex in this region where the Okinawa Plate is colliding with the Amur Plate and the Pacific Plate is subducting under both.