Atypus

Atypus, also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804.[3] It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (A. affinis) reaching into North Africa.[1] Only three of the described species occur in Europe: A. piceus, A. affinis, and A. muralis.[1] Specimens from the USA formerly known as A. snetsingeri represent an introduced population of A. karschi.[4]

Atypus
Temporal range:
A. karschi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Family: Atypidae
Genus: Atypus
Latreille, 1804[1]
Type species
A. piceus
(Sulzer, 1776)
Species

33, see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Proatypus Miller, 1947[2]

Peasants in the southern Carpathian Mountains used to cut up tubes built by Atypus and cover wounds with the inner lining. It reportedly facilitated healing, and even connected with the skin. This is believed to be due to antiseptic properties of spider silk (which is made of protein).[5]

Identification features

They are three-clawed, medium to large spiders with eight eyes. They have six spinnerets with the median spinneret truncated. The prolateral sides of the maxillae are elongated. The cephalic side of the cephalothorax is elevated. They have large chelicerae with long and thin fangs. The male sternum has marginal ridges.[6]

Species

As of November 2022 it contains 33 species:[1]

  • Atypus affinis Eichwald, 1830 – Europe (Britain to Ukraine), North Africa
  • Atypus baotianmanensis Hu, 1994 – China
  • Atypus baotingensis Li, Xu, Zhang, Liu, Zhang & Li, 2018 – China (Hainan)
  • Atypus coreanus Kim, 1985 – Korea
  • Atypus dorsualis Thorell, 1897 – Myanmar, Thailand
  • Atypus flexus Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
  • Atypus formosensis Kayashima, 1943 – Taiwan
  • Atypus heterothecus Zhang, 1985 – China
  • Atypus javanus Thorell, 1890 – Indonesia (Java)
  • Atypus jianfengensis Li, Xu, Zhang, Liu, Zhang & Li, 2018 – China (Hainan)
  • Atypus karschi Dönitz, 1887 – China, Taiwan, Japan
  • Atypus lannaianus Schwendinger, 1989 – Thailand
  • Atypus largosaccatus Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
  • Atypus ledongensis Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
  • Atypus magnus Namkung, 1986 – Russia (Far East), Korea
  • Atypus medius Oliger, 1999 – Russia (Far East)
  • Atypus minutus Lee, Lee, Yoo & Kim, 2015 – Korea
  • Atypus muralis Bertkau, 1890 – Central Europe to Iran and Turkmenistan
  • Atypus pedicellatus Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
  • Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776) (type) – Europe (France to Russia), Iran
  • Atypus quelpartensis Namkung, 2002 – Korea
  • Atypus sacculatus Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
  • Atypus seogwipoensis Kim, Ye & Noh, 2015 – Korea
  • Atypus sinensis Schenkel, 1953 – China
  • Atypus sternosulcus Kim, Kim, Jung & Lee, 2006 – Korea
  • Atypus suiningensis Zhang, 1985 – China
  • Atypus suthepicus Schwendinger, 1989 – Thailand
  • Atypus sutherlandi Chennappaiya, 1935 – India
  • Atypus suwonensis Kim, Kim, Jung & Lee, 2006 – Korea
  • Atypus tibetensis Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
  • Atypus wataribabaorum Tanikawa, 2006 – Japan
  • Atypus wii Siliwal, Kumar & Raven, 2014 – India
  • Atypus yajuni Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China

References
  1. "Gen. Atypus Latreille, 1804". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
  2. Kraus, O.; Baur, H. (1974). "Die Atypidae der West-Paläarktis: Systematik, Verbreitung und Biologie (Arach. : Araneae)". Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg. Neue Folge. 17: 88.
  3. Latreille, P. A. (1804). "Tableau methodique des Insectes". Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 24: 129–295.
  4. Řezáč, Milan; Tessler, Steven; Heneberg, Petr; Herrera, Ivalú Macarena Ávila; Gloríková, Nela; Forman, Martin; Řezáčová, Veronika; Král, Jiří (2022). "Atypus karschi Dönitz, 1887 (Araneae: Atypidae): An Asian purse-web spider established in Pennsylvania, USA". PLOS ONE. 17 (7): e0261695. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261695.
  5. Heimer, Stefan (1988). Wunderbare Welt der Spinnen (in German). Urania. p. 14. ISBN 3332002104.
  6. Sebastin, P.A.; Peter, K.V., eds. (2009). Spiders of India. Universities Press. ISBN 978-81-7371-641-6.
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