B'Day

Between March 2002 and March 2003, Beyoncé had productive studio sessions while recording her debut solo studio album Dangerously in Love, recording up to 45 songs.[1] After the release of Dangerously in Love in June 2003, Beyoncé had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the leftover tracks.[1] However, on January 7, 2004, a spokesperson for her record label Columbia Records announced that Beyoncé had put her plans on hold in order to concentrate on the recording of Destiny Fulfilled, the final studio album by Destiny's Child, and to sing "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the Super Bowl XXXVIII in Houston, Texas, which was a childhood dream of hers.[1] Furthermore, she starred as Xania in the 2006 comedy-mystery film The Pink Panther, which was filmed in 2004.[2] She also spent the following two years promoting Destiny Fulfilled and Destiny's Child's first greatest hits album #1's (2005), embarking on their final world tour Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It; the group would disband in 2006.

Beyoncé originally recorded "Check on It" for The Pink Panther soundtrack; although its soundtrack inclusion was cancelled, it was released as the second single from #1's in December 2005 and became Beyoncé's third solo US Billboard Hot 100 number-one single, later appearing as a bonus track on the international editions of B'Day. In late 2005, Beyoncé decided to postpone the recording of her second studio album because she had landed the lead role in Dreamgirls, a film adaptation of the Tony Award-winning Broadway musical of the same name (1981).[3] As she wanted to focus on one project at a time, Beyoncé decided to wait until the film was completed before returning to the recording studio.[4] Beyoncé later told Billboard: "I'm not going to write for the album until I finish doing the movie."[5]

Beyoncé's sister Solange (pictured) co-wrote "Get Me Bodied", "Upgrade U" and "Flaws and All".

While having a month-long vacation after filming Dreamgirls, Beyoncé went to the studio to start working on B'Day. She said: "[When filming ended] I had so many things bottled up, so many emotions, so many ideas",[4] prompting her to begin working without telling her father and then-manager Mathew Knowles.[6] Beyoncé kept the recording somewhat quiet, telling only her artists and repertoire executive Max Gousse, and the team of producers they contacted to collaborate with on the album.[7] She began working with songwriters and producers Rich Harrison, Rodney Jerkins, Sean Garrett,[6][8] Cameron Wallace, the Neptunes, Norwegian production duo Stargate, and American hip hop producer and rapper Swizz Beatz.[9] Two female songwriters, who helped structure the album, were also a part of the team–Beyoncé's cousin Angela Beyincé, who had previously contributed to Dangerously in Love, and up-and-coming songwriter Makeba Riddick, who made her way onto the team after writing "Déjà Vu", the lead single off the album.[4]

Beyoncé rented the Sony Music Studios in New York City, and was influenced by her now-husband Jay-Z's method of collaborating with multiple record producers;[10] she used four recording studios simultaneously.[11] She booked Harrison, Jerkins and Garrett, each with a room to work in.[6] During the sessions, Beyoncé would move from studio to studio to check her producers' progress, later claiming this fostered "healthy competition" among producers.[6] When Beyoncé conceived a potential song, she would tell the group who would deliberate, and after three hours the song would be created.[4] While Beyoncé and the team brainstormed the lyrics, other collaborators such as the Neptunes, Jerkins and Swizz Beatz would simultaneously produce the tracks.[4] They would sometimes spend up to 14 hours a day in the studios during the recording process.[4] Beyoncé arranged, co-wrote and co-produced all of the songs on the album.[6] Riddick, in an interview with MTV News, recounted her experience in the production:

[Beyoncé] had multiple producers in Sony Studios. She booked out the whole studio and she had the biggest and best producers in there. She would have us in one room, we would start collaborating with one producer, then she would go and start something else with another producer. We would bounce around to the different rooms and work with the different producers. It was definitely a factory type of process.[4]

B'Day was completed within three weeks, ahead of the originally scheduled six weeks.[12] Swizz Beatz co-produced four songs for the album, the most from a single producer in the team.[4] Beyoncé recorded three songs a day, finishing recording within two weeks in April 2006.[7] Aside from the Sony Music Studios, additional recording locations included Great Divide Studios in Aspen, Colorado, where "Freakum Dress" was recorded, and Los Angeles recording studios Lair Studios, where "Irreplaceable" was recorded, Henson Recording Studios, where bonus track "Check on It" was recorded, and Record Plant, where "Kitty Kat" and "Green Light were recorded and "Déjà Vu" was assisted.[13] 25 songs were produced for the album; ten of the tracks were selected for the standard edition track listing, and were mastered in early July by Brian "Big Bass" Gardner at the Bernie Grundman Mastering in Los Angeles.[9][14]

Many of the themes and musical styles of B'Day were inspired by Beyoncé's role in Dreamgirls.[15] The plot of the film revolves around "The Dreams", a fictional 1960s group of three female singers who attempt success in the mainstream music industry with the help of their manager Curtis Taylor, Jr. (portrayed by Jamie Foxx). Beyoncé portrays Deena Jones, the lead singer of the group and the wife of Taylor, and is emotionally abused by him. Because of her role, Beyoncé was inspired to produce an album with an overriding theme of feminism and female empowerment.[4] On the hidden track "Encore for the Fans", Beyoncé said: "Because I was so inspired by Deena, I wrote songs that were saying all the things I wish she would have said in the film."[15] B'Day was influenced by a variety of American genres,[16] and, like Dangerously in Love (2003), incorporated urban contemporary elements such as contemporary R&B and hip hop. Some songs showcase 1970s and 1980s styles, achieved through record sampling. "Suga Mama", which employs blues-guitar samples from Jake Wade and the Soul Searchers' "Searching for Soul",[17] contains a 1970s funk and 1980s go-go-influenced melody.[18] "Upgrade U" uses a sample from Betty Wright's 1968 song "Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do". "Resentment" used Curtis Mayfield's "Think" from the 1972 Super Fly soundtrack. "Déjà Vu" has 1970s influence,[13] "Green Light" has a classic groove,[19] and "Get Me Bodied" features twang, a musical style that originated from Texas.[20]

Beyoncé performing "Freakum Dress" during The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour in 2013

Beyoncé crafted most songs on B'Day through live instrumentation and diverse techniques. This is evident on "Déjà Vu", which utilizes bass guitar, conga, hi-hat, horns and the 808 drum; it also features rap vocals by Jay-Z.[19][21] In an interview with MTV, Beyoncé said: "When I recorded 'Déjà Vu' [...] I knew that even before I started working on my album, I wanted to add live instruments to all of my songs..."[22] Lyrically, the song details a woman being constantly reminded of a past lover,[23] shown in the lines: "Is it because I'm missing you that I'm having déjà vu?"[24] "Get Me Bodied" is a moderate R&B and bounce track,[25][26] which displays influences of dance-pop,[27] dancehall,[24] and funk.[28] Lyrically, it speaks about a female protagonist going out and dressing up suitably to leave a lasting impression and get what she's looking for.[21] The third track "Suga Mama" is a moderate R&B and soul track displaying influences of the 1960s, as well as 1970s funk and rock, also containing limited elements of the 1980s go-go,[29][30] while more closely resembling live music than Beyoncé's previous recordings.[31] Lyrically, it features the female protagonist offering up the keys to her house and car, and her credit card just to keep her love interest and his "good loving" at home, presumably so that he can listen to her collection of old soul records.[27][32] Those interpretations are shown in the lines: "It's so good to the point that I'll do anything just to keep you home ... Tell me what you want me to buy, my accountant's waiting on the phone ..."[30] The protagonist also sees the man as a sexual object, asking him to sit on her lap and "take it off while I watch you perform".[33][34]

"Upgrade U", which features Jay-Z, speaks about a woman offering luxuries to a man in order to upgrade his lifestyle and reputation,[27] similar to the concept of "Suga Mama".[35] Musically, it's a hip hop track with influences of pop, soul and R&B.[36] The album's fifth track and second single "Ring the Alarm", which is an R&B song incorporating elements of punk rock,[37] is noted for the use of a siren in its melody and "shows a harder edge to Beyoncé's sound".[6] Lyrically, it features Beyoncé as the female protagonist impersonating a threatened woman involved in a love triangle and is unwilling to allow another woman to profit from all the efforts she put on to make her lover a better man.[38] "Kitty Kat" is a hip hop-influenced smooth R&B track speaking about the female protagonist who feels that her love interest has underestimated her.[24] "Freakum Dress" features a crescendo using a two-note riff and galloping beats.[39] The song "advises women who have partners with straying eyes to put on sexy dresses and grind on other guys in the club to regain their affections."[27] Meanwhile, the use of the "uh-huh huh huh" vocals and brassy stabs in the R&B-funk break-up song "Green Light" is a direct echo to Beyoncé's single "Crazy in Love" (2003), according to Peter Robinson of The Guardian.[40] "Irreplaceable" is a midtempo ballad with pop and R&B influences,[41] and speaks of a breakdown of a woman's relationship with a man after she discovers his infidelity.[42] The standard edition's closing track "Resentment" is a soul and soft rock ballad about a gritty, agitated goodbye, which adds a "different kind of overwrought drama".[35][43]

"Beautiful Liar", the opening track of the Deluxe Edition reissue of B'Day, is an R&B-pop duet with Shakira. Lyrically, it speaks about two women who chose not to end a friendship because of a man who had cheated both of them; its main theme is female independence.[44] "Welcome to Hollywood" is Beyoncé's solo version of Jay-Z's song "Hollywood", on which she was featured. It's a disco-influenced R&B track which lyrically details tiredness celebrities sometimes feel.[45] "Flaws and All" is an R&B and trip hop track on which Beyoncé shows appreciation for her love interest, who sees through all of her flaws and loves her unconditionally.[46] "Still in Love (Kissing You)", which was later replaced by "If", is a cover of Des'ree's pop ballad "Kissing You". "If" is a ballad on which a female protagonist expresses disappointment with her love interest's mistreatment of her.[47] "World Wide Woman" is an uptempo R&B track on which Beyoncé calls herself "a world wide woman", a play on term World Wide Web.[48] The Deluxe Edition also includes "Listen", which previously appeared in Dreamgirls and its accompanying soundtrack. A soul-R&B ballad,[49] it was declared a song on which Deena Jones is exclaiming: "You don't know who I am, and I know I do" by its co-writer Anne Preven.[50]

B'Day was titled as a reference to Beyoncé's birthday.[51] The album's cover artwork was revealed on July 18, 2006, and features Beyoncé looking into the distance, wearing a golden low-cut dress and small golden hoop earrings, with a dark eye liner and her hair piled high on her head.[52] The cover artwork for the Deluxe Edition is the same as the cover artwork used for single "Déjà Vu" and B'Day Anthology Video Album, and features Beyoncé with a 1960s-inspired hairstyle and similar makeup as on the standard edition cover artwork, wearing a white and black top and golden hoop earrings.[53] The booklet of the Deluxe Edition is highly similar to the standard edition one, also featuring some new images.[54] Images for both covers and booklets were photographed by Max Vadukul.[9]

Beyoncé performing "Listen" during The Beyoncé Experience on May 27, 2007

In collaboration with Sony Urban Music and Music World Entertainment, B'Day was internationally released by Columbia Records on September 4, 2006, Beyoncé's 25th birthday, and in the United States the following day.[4][5] Exclusively at Walmart, B'Day was packaged with a bonus DVD titled BET Presents Beyoncé (2006), which featured BET and performance highlights, and music videos from her solo career.[55] To promote B'Day, Beyoncé appeared on various television and award shows from mid-2006 until mid-2007. She performed the album's lead single "Déjà Vu" with Jay-Z at the BET Awards 2006 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles on June 27, 2006.[56] At the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards on August 31, she performed "Ring the Alarm" wearing a flowing trench coat, a corset and hotpants; the performance referenced Janet Jackson's "Rhythm Nation" routine.[57][58] On September 5, Beyoncé made an appearance on Total Request Live. In an episode of The Ellen DeGeneres Show which aired the same day, Beyoncé performed "Déjà Vu" and "Irreplaceable".[59] She performed "Déjà Vu" at the Fashion Rocks on September 8,[60] and, along with "Crazy in Love", "Green Light", "Ring the Alarm" and "Irreplaceable", during an episode of Good Morning America which aired the same day.[61][62] She also performed "Déjà Vu" on The Tyra Banks Show on September 15.[63] Promoting B'Day in the United Kingdom, Beyoncé performed "Irreplaceable", "Ring the Alarm" and "Crazy in Love" on Popworld on October 27.[64] Beyoncé opened the 2006 World Music Awards on November 15 with the performance of "Déjà Vu" and "Ring the Alarm", performing "Irreplaceable" later during the show.[65] She performed "Irreplaceable" at the American Music Awards of 2006 on November 21,[66] and, along with "Listen", on Today on December 4.[67]

Seven months after the release of B'Day, an expanded double-disc reissue, subtitled Deluxe Edition, was released in the US on April 3, 2007.[68] In addition to the original track listing, the Deluxe Edition featured five new songs, including "Beautiful Liar", a duet with Colombian singer Shakira. "Amor Gitano", a Spanish-language flamenco-pop duet with Mexican singer Alejandro Fernández, served as a soundtrack for Telemundo's telenovela El Zorro,[69] and was included in the Deluxe Edition bonus disc alongside Spanish re-recordings of "Listen" ("Oye"), "Irreplaceable" ("Irreemplazable") and "Beautiful Liar" ("Bello Embustero"). The idea of recording songs in a foreign language emanated from her experience when Destiny's Child performed "Quisiera Ser" with Alejandro Sanz at the 44th Annual Grammy Awards (2002). Beyoncé worked with producer Rudy Pérez for the recordings in order to retain the same feeling of the English versions of the songs into the Spanish translation.[70][71] The bonus disc was later released as the standalone extended play (EP) Irreemplazable.[72]

B'Day Anthology Video Album was released simultaneously with the Deluxe Edition and featured 13 music videos, including the director's cut of the performance version of "Listen" and the extended mix of "Get Me Bodied". Most of the videos were accompaniments for the uptempo songs on B'Day;[70] which featured retro stylization, use of color and black hair styles, as Beyoncé thought it would create a resemblance between herself and the character she played in Dreamgirls, Deena Jones.[73] The shooting of the videos was completed in two weeks;[74] they were directed by Jake Nava, Anthony Mandler, Melina Matsoukas, Cliff Watts, Ray Kay, Sophie Muller, Diane Martel and Beyoncé herself.[75] Initially, the DVD was available exclusively at Walmart,[70] but was later released to other retailers. The Spanish songs were not included on international editions of the Deluxe Edition and were replaced by B'Day Anthology Video Album as the bonus DVD.[76] Beyoncé promoted the Deluxe Edition of B'Day in April 2007 by performing the Spanglish version of "Irreplaceable" and "Green Light" on Today on April 2,[77] and "Beautiful Liar" on an episode of The Early Show which aired on April 6.[78] She performed "Get Me Bodied" at the BET Awards 2007 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles on June 26, wearing a gold robot gear, which she wittled down to sleek lamé gold pants and a matching bra top.[79] As she continued singing, her younger sister Solange and former Destiny's Child bandmate Michelle Williams appeared onstage as her backup dancers; a few moments later, Beyoncé introduced her former Destiny's Child bandmate Kelly Rowland, who performed her song "Like This" with Eve. After Rowland's performance, Beyoncé, Solange and Williams appeared onstage with Rowland to complete the Destiny's Child reunion.[80]

Beyoncé performing "Green Light" during The Beyoncé Experience on May 3, 2007

In mid-2006, Beyoncé looked for an all-female band for her tour The Beyoncé Experience (2007) to promote the album. She held an audition for keyboard players, bassists, guitarists, horn players, percussionists and drummers around the world.[81] Beyoncé named the band Suga Mama, after the album track "Suga Mama".[70] Although the band only consisted of women, both male and female backup dancers performed onstage.[82] As well as singing songs from B'Day, Beyoncé also performed songs from Dangerously in Love,[83] and gave a medley of Destiny's Child songs.[84] She embarked on the tour in Japan on April 10, 2007[70] and concluded it in Tapei, Taiwan on November 12.[85] During the Los Angeles show on September 2, Jay-Z and Destiny's Child bandmates Rowland and Williams made guest appearances. Footage from this show was filmed and released on November 20 as a live album titled The Beyoncé Experience Live.[85]

"Déjà Vu", featuring Jay-Z, was released as the lead single from B'Day on June 24, 2006, to mixed critical reception.[86] A commercial success, it peaked at number four on the US Billboard Hot 100 and atop US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs,[87][88] being certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Internationally, it peaked atop the UK Singles Chart,[89] while reaching the top ten in 11 countries. The song and its Freemasons club mix received three nominations at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards (2007).[90] The accompanying music video for "Déjà Vu", directed by Sophie Muller, was a subject of controversy due to its sexually suggestive content.[91]

"Ring the Alarm" was released as the second single from B'Day exclusively in the United States on September 10, 2006.[92] The song received mixed reviews from the music critics, who noticed it was different from Beyoncé's earlier works; while some commended her willingness to take risks, others were polarized about her aggressive vocals. Commercially, it became her highest-debuting single, opening at number 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[93] However, it peaked at number 11, becoming Beyoncé's first solo single not to peak within the top ten.[94] The song was nominated for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards.[90] Its accompanying music video, Beyoncé's second consecutive to be directed by Muller, remakes a scene from the 1992 film Basic Instinct, and was choreographed by then-16-year-old Teyana Taylor.[95]

"Irreplaceable" was released as the second international and third overall single from B'Day on October 23, 2006.[96] It received widespread critical acclaim, with some critics calling it the best track on the album.[28] It was a commercial success, peaking atop the US Billboard Hot 100 and spending ten weeks atop the chart.[97][98] Internationally, it reached the summit in Australia, Hungary, Ireland and New Zealand.[99] It was ranked atop the 2007 year-end Billboard Hot 100,[100] and was the tenth best-selling digital single of 2007 worldwide, having sold over four million copies worldwide by the end of the year.[101] At the 50th Annual Grammy Awards (2008), "Irreplaceable" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year.[102] The song was ranked at number 25 on the 2000s decade-end Billboard Hot 100.[103] Its Anthony Mandler-directed accompanying music video features the debut performance of the Suga Mamas, Beyoncé's all-female band.[70]

After leaking onto the Internet in early February 2007,[104] "Beautiful Liar", a duet with Shakira, was released as the sole single from the Deluxe Edition and the fourth single from B'Day on February 12.[105][106][107] The song registered the largest ever upward movement on the US Billboard Hot 100 at the time, when it leaped 91 places from number 94 to number three in its second week, which became its peak position.[108] Internationally, it peaked atop the European Hot 100 Singles and on charts in Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela.[109][110][111][112] Critically acclaimed, it was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards.[102] Its accompanying music video, directed by Jake Nava, features Beyoncé and Shakira dancing against different backgrounds, either together or separately.[113]

"Get Me Bodied" was released as the fifth single from B'Day on July 10, 2007, exclusively in the US.[114] It originally peaked at number 68 on the US Billboard Hot 100 in August, becoming Beyoncé's lowest-peaking single on the chart at the time.[115][116] However, as a video of a woman named Deborah Cohen and her doctors dancing to "Get Me Bodied" before she underwent a double mastectomy was posted onto YouTube and went viral in 2013, the song found a new peak position at number 46 on the Billboard Hot 100.[117][118] The song's 1960s-influenced accompanying music video was directed by Mandler and features Beyoncé's sister Solange and former Destiny's Child bandmates Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams.[73]

"Green Light" was released as the fourth and final international single from B'Day on July 27, 2007.[119] It was originally planned to be released as the second single for the international markets, but Columbia Records opted for "Irreplaceable" instead. The remix extended play (EP) titled Green Light: Freemasons EP was released for digital download simultaneously with the single.[120] The single was also planned to be released physically in the United Kingdom, but the plans were cancelled last-minute, which resulted with it not obtaining a higher peak than number 12 on the UK Singles Chart.[121] Beyoncé co-directed the song's accompanying music video with Melina Matsoukas; the video features the second appearance by the Suga Mamas.[122]

Although they were not released as singles, "Upgrade U", "Kitty Kat" and "Freakum Dress" appeared on several Billboard charts. "Upgrade U", featuring Jay-Z, was released as a promotional single in the United States on November 27, 2006,[123] and reached numbers 59 and 11 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, respectively.[124] "Kitty Kat" peaked at number 66 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.[125][126] "Freakum Dress", which was cited as a possible second single from B'Day in June 2006,[127] peaked at number 25 on the US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles[128] and at number 16 on the US Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles.[129] In 2020, "Freakum Dress" went viral on TikTok and Instagram as part of the "Freakum Dress Challenge", appearing on many videos created by users of the platforms.[130]

Professional ratings

Aggregate scores
Source	Rating
Metacritic	70/100[131]
Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[13]
Blender	[132]
Entertainment Weekly	B+[133]
The Guardian	[134]
MSN Music (Consumer Guide)	A−[135]
NME	5/10[136]
Pitchfork	7.2/10[28]
Q	[137]
Rolling Stone	[17]
Slant Magazine	[138]

B'Day received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 70, based on 23 reviews.[131] Jody Rosen, writing for Entertainment Weekly, commented that the album's songs "arrive in huge gusts of rhythm and emotion, with Beyoncé's voice rippling over clattery beats".[133] Jonah Weiner of Blender commented that "sweaty up-tempo numbers prove the best platform for Beyoncé's rapperly phrasing and pipe-flaunting fireballs".[132] Andy Kellman of AllMusic felt that, despite "no songs with the smooth elegance" of "Me, Myself and I" or "Be with You", the album is "lean in a beneficial way".[13] The Boston Globe's Sarah Rodman commented that the production team helped Beyoncé "focus on edgier, up-tempo tracks that take her sweet soprano to new places".[27] Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian felt that, "apart from a few pop-R&B space-fillers, there's not much to dislike about B'Day".[134] Robert Christgau from MSN Music said "on most of [the songs] she's wronged yet still in control because she's got so much money" and felt that Beyoncé "earns her props" if "opulence can signify liberation in this grotesquely materialistic time, as in hip-hop it can".[135]

In a mixed review, Jon Pareles of The New York Times found the album "tense, high-strung and obsessive", and said that it was neither "ingratiating or seductive".[35] Richard Cromelin of the Los Angeles Times observed that Beyoncé "heads into a new, more challenging terrain", but "some of the experiments don't click".[139] Although he found the album "solid", Mike Joseph of PopMatters said that "aside from its relatively short running time, it sounds suspiciously under produced".[140] Brian Hiatt of Rolling Stone averred that "while the mostly up-tempo disc never lacks for energy, some of the more beat-driven tracks feel harmonically and melodically undercooked, with hooks that don't live up to 'Crazy in Love' or the best Destiny's Child hits".[17] Priya Elan of NME cited only "Freakum Dress" and "Ring the Alarm" as highlights and criticized that "too many tracks sound like updated versions of former glories", with no song on-par with "Crazy in Love".[136]

Despite an average commercial performance of the album's first two singles, "Déjà Vu" and "Ring the Alarm", B'Day debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 on September 23, 2006,[151] selling over 541,000 units in its first week.[151] B'Day scored Beyoncé's highest debut-week album sales,[152] until it was surpassed by her self-titled fifth studio album (2013), which sold 617,213 digital copies in its first three days.[153][154] The album gave Beyoncé her second number-one debut on the chart following Dangerously in Love (2003), which was noted by Keith Caulfield of Billboard, surmising that perhaps "its handsome debut was generated by goodwill earned from the performance of her smash first album Dangerously in Love".[155] B'Day fell to number three in its second week,[156] and to number six the following week,[157] falling out of the top ten in its fourth week at number 11.[158] After seven weeks of being outside the top ten, B'Day reached number nine on the chart dated December 2,[159] due to the success of its single "Irreplaceable", which helped the album regain its strength.[155] It climbed to number six the following week, becoming the week's "greatest gainer",[160] before exiting the top ten again.[161] By the end of 2006, the album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA),[162] and became the 38th best-selling album of that year in the United States.[163]

B'Day re-entered the top ten again at number six on the chart dated January 27, 2007, while Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture was at the top.[164] It remained within the top ten the following week at number ten,[165] before falling to number 13 on the chart dated February 10.[166] The RIAA re-certified B'Day triple platinum on April 16, combining the sales from the standard and Deluxe Edition releases.[162] On the Billboard 200 chart dated April 21, B'Day jumped from number 69 to number six due to the release of its Deluxe Edition, gaining 903% in sales and becoming the week's "greatest gainer".[167] It remained within the top ten the following week at number seven,[168] before falling to number 13 on the chart dated May 5.[169] The album has spent a total of 74 weeks on the Billboard 200.[170] It became the 11th best-selling album of 2007 in the US.[171] As of August 2022, the album has sold 5 million copies in the country.[172]

Internationally, B'Day was met with similar success. In Canada, it reached number two on the Canadian Albums Chart, staying at the position for two weeks. It was certified platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA).[173][174] On Oricon Albums Chart in Japan, the standard edition of the album debuted and peaked at number four, selling 72,921 copies in its first week, while the Deluxe Edition debuted at number nine with first-week sales of 17,519 copies, and peaked at number five in its second week on the chart, selling 23,153 copies that week. The standard edition was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for shipments of 250,000 copies in Japan, while the Deluxe Edition was certified gold for shipments of 100,000 copies.[175] The album's standard edition peaked at number six on Top 100 Mexico, while its Deluxe Edition peaked at number nine.[176] It was certified gold by the Mexican Association of Producers of Phonograms and Videograms (AMPROFON) for shipments of 50,000 copies in Mexico. Across Oceania, it had the same reception, debuting at number eight in both Australia and New Zealand the same week, on September 11, 2006.[177] B'Day remained on the charts for 20 and 25 weeks, respectively,[177] and was certified platinum by both the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) and the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ).[178][179]

In the United Kingdom, B'Day debuted at numbers three and one on the UK Albums Charts and UK R&B Albums Chart, respectively, on September 11, 2006, selling 35,012 copies in its first week.[180][181] Its Deluxe Edition peaked at numbers eight and three on the UK Albums Chart and UK R&B Albums Chart, respectively, on April 29, 2007.[182][183] The British Phonographic Industry (BPI) certified the standard edition platinum for shipping 300,000 units, and the Deluxe Edition gold for shipping 100,000 units.[184] As of July 3, 2011, B'Day has sold 385,078 copies in the United Kingdom.[181] Throughout Europe, the album peaked at number three on the European Top 100 Albums,[185] while reaching the top ten in Denmark, Flanders, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland.[177][186] It was certified platinum in Europe by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) for sales of one million copies within the continent.[187] As of 2013, B'Day has sold eight million copies worldwide.[188]

"Ring the Alarm" was falsely rumored to be written about the alleged affair between Rihanna (pictured) and Jay-Z.

B'Day was a subject of various controversies. The music video for its lead single "Déjà Vu" caused controversy due to its sexually suggestive content. A news article published by Hindustan Times reported that a particular scene in the video is suggestive of oral sex.[91] Natalie Y. Moore of In These Times echoed the latter's commentary, writing that the video showcases Beyoncé "strutting her sexuality", and that in Jay-Z's scenes it "looks as if any minute now she'll give him fellatio".[189] The video later appeared on Yahoo! Music News' list "Real Turkeys: The Worst Videos of All Time", which pointed to the negative fan reaction and stated: "It's probably the least horrific video listed ... but as far as Beyoncé videos go, it is a stinker."[190] According to an MTV News staff report, as of July 2006, over two thousand people had signed an online petition addressed to Beyoncé's record label Columbia Records, demanding a reshoot for the video.[191] By the end of August 2006, over five thousand additional fans had signed it.[192] The petition requested the video to be taped again because it was considered to be "an underwhelming representation of the talent and quality of previous music-video projects of Ms. Beyoncé".[191] Included in the list of offenses towards the video were "a lack of theme, dizzying editing, over-the-top wardrobe choices, and unacceptable interactions" between Beyoncé and Jay-Z. Beyoncé's dance moves were also called into question by the petition, qualifying them as "erratic, confusing and alarming at times".[191] Additionally, fans complained about sexual theme depicted in the video, describing that some scenes as "unacceptable interactions [between Beyoncé and Jay-Z]" while also complaining of a "non-existent sexual chemistry" between the two.[190]

The lyrics of "Ring the Alarm" were rumored to be about Barbadian singer Rihanna's relationship with rapper and Beyoncé's now-husband Jay-Z.[193][194] According to a media speculation, Beyoncé, Rihanna and Jay-Z were part of a love triangle in 2006. It was rumored that Jay-Z had always been faithful to Beyoncé until he met Rihanna, whose popularity grew considerably during that year, who tempted Jay-Z to be in a romantic relationship with her while he was still with Beyoncé.[195] As commented by Tom Breihan of The Village Voice, Beyoncé took advantage of "[people's] sympathy and unleash[ed] a burst of public rage in the form of ['Ring the Alarm']".[195] In an interview for Seventeen, she, however, clarified that the lyrics had no connection with Rihanna, before adding that she was unaware of the rumors that had been circulating.[195][196] Concerned that someone was trying to sabotage the release of B'Day, her father and manager Mathew Knowles released an official statement:

It is apparent that there is a consistent plan by some to create chaos around Beyoncé's B'Day album release on September 4 in the US. First, it was a petition against the single, 'Déjà Vu', then a rumor regarding conflict between Beyoncé and Rihanna, seizures caused by the 'Ring the Alarm' video, putting out a single to compete with LeToya's album and now to add to all the ridiculous rumors, is my plan to postpone the release of her 'B'Day' album. What will be next? Beyoncé's cut off all her hair? Dyed it green? Maybe she's singing the songs in reverse with some hidden subliminal message![197]

The cover artwork for the single "Ring the Alarm" fueled controversy after Beyoncé used alligators during the photo shoot. Beyoncé revealed that using the alligators and taping their mouths shut was her idea. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), an animal rights organization which had previously confronted her after she had used furs for her fashion line's clothing design, contacted a biologist who later wrote a letter to her, stating: "As a specialist in reptile biology and welfare, I'm concerned about your posing with a terrified baby alligator for your new album cover. Humans and alligators are not natural bedfellows, and the two should not mix at events such as photo shoots. In my view, doing so is arguably abusive to an animal."[198]

Controversy also arose over the writing credits on "Irreplaceable". Ne-Yo, who co-wrote the song, told MTV: "Apparently Beyoncé was at a show somewhere and right before the song came on she said, 'I wrote this for all my ladies' and then the song came on ... The song is a co-write. I wrote the lyrics, I wrote all the lyrics. Beyoncé helped me with the melodies and the harmonies and the vocal arrangement and that makes it a co-write. Meaning my contribution and her contribution made that song what it is."[199] In 2011, Ne-Yo said that he wrote the song for himself, but thought that it would suit Beyoncé better, and later regretted giving the song to her.[200] Some of Beyoncé's fans read Ne-Yo's remark as disrespectful towards her.[201] However, he clarified his comment later through Twitter, writing: "I said I originally wrote the song for me. ... Once I realized how the song comes across if sung by a guy, that's when I decided to give it away."[201]

In 2007, Beyoncé appeared on billboards and newspapers across Australia holding an antiquated cigarette holder. Taken from the back cover artwork of B'Day, the image provoked response from an anti-smoking group, stating that she did not need to add the cigarette holder "to make herself appear more sophisticated".[202] The same year, three weeks after their release,[203] the Deluxe Edition of B'Day and the B'Day Anthology Video Album were temporarily ceased for retail in stores. A copyright infringement lawsuit was filed due to breach of contract of using "Still in Love (Kissing You)", a cover version of British singer Des'ree's original song "Kissing You".[204] Not intended for the album's inclusion, Des'ree's deal also stipulated that the title of the song was not to be altered, and a music video was not to be made.[203] After the infringement case, the song was removed from the reissue of the Deluxe Edition,[203] and was replaced by "If". The lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice in October 2007.[205]

According to an editor of web publication The Boombox in an article published on September 4, 2016, to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the release of B'Day, the album was a "monumental moment for music fans worldwide and would elevate Beyoncé from princess-in-waiting to a full-fledged queen in the musical landscape". The editor also called the album Beyoncé's "most liberating body of work and its impact still echoes ten years later."[206] In an article published by Revolt on the same day, B'Day was called Beyoncé's "first REAL visual album", as she would later release two "visual albums" Beyoncé (2013) and Lemonade (2016), and as almost every song from B'Day had an accompanying music video, which was "something we hadn't seen before".[207] The same day, website EST. 1997 published an article about B'Day as well, and wrote that the album's singles became "essential parts" of pop culture, also writing that "Get Me Bodied" is "now cemented as one of those songs that gets played by a DJ to get the crowd dancing at a wedding".[208]

The website also wrote an article about B'Day Anthology Video Album on April 3, 2017, the tenth anniversary of its release, also calling it Beyoncé's first "visual album" and stating that it "laid the groundwork for Beyoncé to become the pioneering visual artist she is revered to as today."[209] Billboard published "Beyoncé's Best Fashion Moments from Her Decade-Old 'B'Day Anthology Video Album'" on the same day, the list in which editor Da'Shan Smith commented on ten best outfits Beyoncé wore in the music videos, stating: "The project has delivered audiences some of the singer's most iconic looks. In every frame she appears in, Beyoncé oozes a radiant confidence, wearing stunning outfits and costumes to match."[210] Vibe published a list in which Smith ranked all thirteen music videos from the worst to the best, stating: "B'Day Video Anthology Album must be heralded as an important pop culture artifact. As expressed before, it's the birther of Beyoncé's passion for providing fans visual sequences they need to tell an album's story. Imagine a B'Day without its Anthology—although the go-go and funk infused tracks already made an impression upon audio listens only, the visuals made the record pop to life."[211]

Retailer-exclusive bonus tracks

• Digital standard Walmart edition includes "Déjà Vu (The Remix)" (featuring Jay-Z).[222]
• Standard Circuit City edition includes "Back Up".[223] "Back Up" is written by B. Knowles, Jerkins, LaShawn Daniels, Delisha Thomas, Fred Jerkins III, Anesha Birchett, Antea Birchett and Beyincé, and produced by Darkchild and B. Knowles.
• International standard iTunes Store pre-order and New Zealand iTunes Store editions include "Lost Yo Mind".[212][224] "Lost Yo Mind" is written by B. Knowles, Dean and Garrett, and produced by Swizz Beatz, B. Knowles and Garrett.
• Best Buy exclusive Deluxe Edition includes "First Time" as a hidden track.[225] "First Time" is written by B. Knowles, Williams and Chad Hugo, and produced by The Neptunes and B. Knowles.

Notes

• Some standard edition digital releases of B'Day do not include the album's hidden tracks.[226]
• ^{^a} "If" replaced "Still in Love (Kissing You)" on all Deluxe Edition releases, following a copyright infringement lawsuit.[204] "Still in Love (Kissing You)" was removed entirely from DVD releases. "Still in Love (Kissing You)" is written by B. Knowles, Desree Weekes and Timothy Atack, and produced by Knowles and Nellee Hooper.
• ^{^b} signifies an additional producer
• ^{^c} signifies a co-producer
• ^{^d} signifies a vocal producer

Sample credits

• "Suga Mama" contains a sample from "Searching for Soul" by Jake Wade and the Soul Searchers.
• "Upgrade U" contains a sample from "Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do" by Betty Wright.
• "Resentment" contains a sample from "Think" by Curtis Mayfield.

Credits are adapted from the deluxe edition liner notes of B'Day.[9]

• B'Day Anthology Video Album
• Beyoncé discography
• List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2006
• List of Billboard number-one R&B albums of 2006
• List of Billboard number-one R&B albums of 2007
• List of number-one albums of 2006 (Canada)
• List of UK R&B Albums Chart number ones of 2006

• Official website
• B'Day at Discogs (list of releases)
• B'Day at Metacritic