Cultural impact of Beyoncé

American singer Beyoncé (b. 1981) has had a cultural impact through her music, visuals, performances, image, and lifestyle. Her career began in the late 1990s as a member of the American girl group Destiny's Child, and she made her solo debut in 2003.[1] Beyoncé has since become a cultural figure, building a legacy that goes beyond music, often a subject of academic cultural analyses.[2][3]

A woman waves to the crowd on a red-carpet
Several critics describe Beyoncé as the most influential artist of the 21st century.

Journalists emphasize Beyoncé's "boundary-pushing" artistry and vocal performances,[4] and consider her one of the greatest entertainers of her generation.[5][6] Her contributions to music and visual media have made her a prominent popstar of the 2000s and 2010s decades.[7][3] Even described as the most important popular-musician of the 21st century,[8] several critics have credited Beyoncé's presence and success with empowering African-American female artists, bringing appreciation of Black culture in popular music, the revitalization of the visual album, popularization of the surprise album, and emphasizing women in music in general.[9][10][11]

Debuting during the album era, Beyoncé has allowed herself to traverse through various changes in the music industry. She has used her influence and artistry to address and critique various issues in popular culture, dealing with themes of feminism, sexism, racism, LGBT rights, and female empowerment.[12] Throughout her career, Beyoncé has attracted contradictory sociocultural attention, with instances of criticism from family organizations, conservative activists, feminists, and religious groups, resulting in boycotts, censorship, and protests. Additionally, her name has been used by the media as a superlative adjective or noun to indicate her impact and popularity.[13]

Musicianship

Vocal

Jody Rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as "one of the most compelling instruments in popular music".[14] Her vocal abilities have led to her being considered by many as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child.[15] Consequence of Sound ranked Beyoncé at number 30 on its list of The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time [16] while Rolling Stone has ranked her at number eight in their list of 200 Greatest Singers of All Time (2023), describing Beyoncé as "one of pop's great historians" and her voice representing "the entire history of Black music".[17]

Rap-singing

She is largely credited by music critics for the invention of the staccato rap-singing style that has become popular in pop, R&B, and rap music, after first using it throughout Destiny's Child's The Writing's on the Wall (1999).[18] The sound subsequently began dominating the music industry, revolutionizing both singing in urban music and rapping in pop music.[19][20] Artists such as Kanye West and Drake have implemented the style and cadence in the late 2000s and early 2010s on several of their musical projects.[21] The staccato rap-singing style continued to be used within the music industry in the late 2010s and early 2020s. Michael Eric Dyson stated that Beyoncé "changed the whole genre" and has become the "godmother" of mumble rappers, who use the staccato rap-singing cadence. Dyson added: "She doesn't get credit for the remarkable way in which she changed the musical vocabulary of contemporary art."[22]

Visual albums

Beyoncé is credited with the trend of creating visual albums, with notable examples including 2006's B'Day, which was her first album to have all of its original songs receive a music video, her self-titled album (2013) and Lemonade (2016).[23] Joe Coscarelli of The New York Times described how popular musicians are following the blueprint that Beyoncé made with Lemonade and are creating "high-concept mini-movies that can add artistic heft to projects", citing Frank Ocean's Endless and Drake's Please Forgive Me as examples.[24] Chris Deville of Stereogum similarly wrote that artists are releasing albums with complementary film projects, such as Lonely Island's The Unauthorized Bash Brothers Experience, Thom Yorke's Anima, Sturgill Simpson's Sound & Fury, and Kid Cudi's Entergalactic.[23]

Sonia Rao of The Washington Post credited Beyoncé with initiating the trend of using music videos to explore racial and sexual identity, citing Frank Ocean, Janelle Monáe and Donald Glover as examples of artists who followed the precedent that Beyoncé set.[25]

Commercial influence

Surprise album

Beyoncé was released without prior announcement on December 13, 2013 via the iTunes Store, and is credited with the popularization of the surprise album. This has subsequently been executed by many artists, including Drake,[26] Kanye West,[27] Taylor Swift,[28] J. Cole,[29] Kendrick Lamar,[30] and Eminem.[31] The surprising release of Beyoncé caused "hilarious, honest and hysterical" reaction among Beyoncé's fans,[32] and "shock" among other musicians in an effect coined as "Beyoncé Syndrome" by the BBC.[33][34]

According to data provided by Twitter, the release generated over 1.2 million tweets in twelve hours.[33] Rolling Stone's Rob Sheffield wrote: "The whole project is a celebration of the Beyoncé Philosophy, which boils down to the fact that Beyoncé can do anything the hell she wants to." Peter Robinson of The Guardian hailed the shock release as "Beyoncégeddon", describing it as "a masterclass in both exerting and relinquishing control".[35] Henry Knight for the BBC said "Beyoncé's self-titled album not only proved innovative musically, it rewrote the business model of the industry."[34] Forbes' Zack O'Malley Greenburg included Beyoncé on his "Music Industry Winners 2013" list, noting that the singer "didn't make use of any of the perks of [being signed to a large record label]—the "machine" we're told is so necessary. There was no radio promotion, no single, no advance press of any kind".[36] The marketing strategy of releasing an album with little or no notice was the subject of a case study at Harvard University School of Business.[37]

Brands

Beyoncé's use and references to various brands have resulted in sales spikes for their respective products. The mention of the American restaurant chain Red Lobster in "Formation" increased sales at its restaurants by 33%, and upon the song's release, the chain was tweeted about over 42,000 times during the first hour and trended for the first time in its history according to Red Lobster spokesperson Erica Ettori.[38] Employees also renamed popular menu items after Beyoncé and call the effect the "Beyoncé Bounce".[39] Photographs of Beyoncé carrying Telfar bag, as well as a reference in a lyric on "Summer Renaissance" on Renaissance, generated a large spike in demand for the bag.[40][41]

Mass media coverage

Subject of controversies
Beyoncé's performance at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show was both praised and castigated.

Beyoncé has been the subject of various protests and boycotts throughout her career. The Beyoncé Experience was scheduled to visit Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on November 1, 2007; however, the show was ultimately canceled due to Malaysia's strict Islam-based laws surrounding the clothing that females in public, and female performers, can wear. Several publications reported that the news followed an uptick in protests by several conservative groups, including the National Union of Malaysian Muslim Students, urging the Ministry of Culture, Arts, and Heritage to stop the concert from taking place.[42][43] Several years later, Beyoncé attempted to return to Malaysia during her I Am... World Tour. She again was met with strong opposition from religious groups in Kuala Lumpur and agreed to tone down some parts of her performance. A spokesperson for the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party stated: "We are against Western sexy performances; we don't think our people need that."[44] He went on saying that Beyoncé should be regarded as a "role model" and an "embodiment of success" because of her philanthropic work, including campaigns against poverty and domestic violence.[44] The Marctensia promoter further told the Associated Press: "We are confident that Beyoncé's concert will once and for all silence international critics and put Malaysia back on track and move up the ranks in presenting A-list international pop concerts in this region and further boost tourism."[45][46]

Following her performance at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show, where Beyoncé and her dancers wore outfits widely perceived to be reminiscent of the Black Panther Movement, the Fraternal Order of Police said in a statement that it had voted to let its members boycott Beyoncé's upcoming concert at Miami's LoanDepot Park because it believed Beyoncé had used the Super Bowl halftime show “to divide Americans by promoting the Black Panthers.” The group called for other law enforcement organizations to boycott her concerts as well. Police unions in Nashville and Tampa later urged officers not to volunteer to work security during Beyoncé's performances in those cities.[47][48] Former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani accused the performance of being anti-police and also criticized Beyoncé's use of Black Power and Black Panther Party symbolism in her dance routine. "This is football, not Hollywood, and I thought it was outrageous that she used it as a platform to attack police officers who are the people who protect her and protect us and keep us alive," he said.[49] There were planned protest outside of the National Football League's headquarters, however, no one showed up.[50] Nine months following her performance at the Super Bowl halftime show, Beyoncé was met with similar opposition and media attention after her performance at the 50th Annual Country Music Association Awards for both the return of the Dixie Chicks to the CMA stage following their controversial statements about George Bush which saw them shut out of the country music industry as well as her appearance in general. Their performance of "Daddy Lessons" from Beyoncé's Lemonade album polarized viewers, artists, and critics alike, with some praising the collaboration, though many country fans claimed Beyoncé did not belong at the event following her alignment with the Black Lives Matter movement and references at the Super Bowl.[51]

Fame

Beyoncé has commonly been referred to as the most famous or the most powerful person in the world by several media publications and popular figures, including Forbes,[52] BBC,[53] and YouGov.[54] Time magazine featured her among a list of 100 women who defined the last century and named her the most influential person in the world in 2014.[55][56]

Pop culture references

Due to her level of fame, Beyoncé has achieved a near omnipresence in pop culture. She has been referenced in numerous popular TV shows and films over the course of her career. Additionally, Beyonce has been featured as a guest on popular talk shows such as the Ellen Degeneres Show.

TV show references include: Friends, Modern Family, Supernatural, That's So Raven, Swarm, The Office, BoJack Horseman, Glee, The Big Bang Theory, The Good Place, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Family Guy, The Simpsons, Insecure, Grown-ish, and many more.

Film references include: Doctor Strange, Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk, Glass Onion, Deadpool 2, Girls Trip, Spring Breakers, 22 Jump Street, Love, Simon, The Intern and many more.

Race politics
"Formation" has been used as an anthem for various socio-political movements, with its lyrics featuring signs at protests.

Beyoncé and her blackness have been the subject of various conversations throughout her career, including in her music and films, by music journalists and the media.[57] While reluctant to voice her political beliefs in the early stages of her career, she became an outspoken and influential figure during the late 2000s after publicly aligning herself with the Democratic Party and support of Barack Obama's presidential campaign. Beyoncé has since been called the "most politically divisive" celebrity in the United States[58] and "Black America's great communicator".[59] She has also consistently supported the Black Lives Matter movement, donating millions of dollars to various charities,[60] bailed out several protesters who could not pay their bail following anti-police brutality demonstrations in Baltimore and Ferguson, Missouri,[61] and publicly dedicated her BET Humanitarian Award to the movement.[62] She has used her social media platform and celebrity status to highlight racial injustices on several occasions, including after the murder of George Floyd,[63] issuing an open letter to Kentucky Attorney General Daniel Cameron, calling out the lack of arrests in the case of Breonna Taylor,[64] and attending protests after the killing of Trayvon Martin.[65] The latter resulted in a threat made by George Zimmerman, the man who fatally shot Martin.[66]

She has released several songs largely considered to be anthems for the African American community, most notably "Formation", "Black Parade", and "Freedom". The former dominated public conversation and ignited discussions on the topics of culture, racism, and politics.[67] Several of Beyoncé's songs have since been used as an anthem for various socio-political movements.[68] The song became a Black Lives Matter anthem, being adopted by activists and played at protests worldwide.[69][70][71] The song garnered attention for the Black Lives Matter movement and raised awareness for issues facing black people before the 2016 US presidential election.[72] Charles Hughes, professor and director of the Memphis Center at Rhodes College, said that music was one of the strongest influences on the 2016 presidential election and that "Formation" had the greatest influence of all songs. Hughes described the song as "invoking movement" and reminding listeners of the role of women in the Black Lives Matter movement.[73] In Michael Moore in TrumpLand, American filmmaker Michael Moore said that Beyoncé's performance of "Formation" at the Super Bowl was the breaking point of the shifting gender balance in American society, at which straight white men realized they were losing their power to women.[74]

Personal Life

Beyoncé is well known for keeping her personal life very private. In the earlier stages of her career, she refused to discuss her relationship with and marriage to Jay Z during interviews.[75] Their wedding was quietly held in a private ceremony to avoid media attention. Her persona is often described as mysterious and intriguing due to the lack of personal information she shares, rarely using her social media accounts.[76] Since the late 2010s decade, she has given very few interviews and reduced her public appearances on talk shows and award shows, making exceptions only a handful of times.

Fashion

Beyoncé has been considered a fashion and style icon by journalists and other sectors. Her influence on fashion has been examined by critics, designers, and scholars. She has had several ventures into the fashion industry, including owning fashion brands House of Deréon and Ivy Park, appearing at events such as the Met Gala, and made her runway modeling debut at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show.[77]

Beyoncé has collaborated with, and become a muse for, an array of designers, photographers, and stylists. Beyoncé has also been credited with boosting the careers of various designers, including then-emerging to well-established ones, and fashion houses.[78] She became the first non-athlete to cover Sports Illustrated and has appeared on the cover of Vogue four times throughout her career.[79] Tyler Mitchell became the first African-American photographer to shoot a Vogue cover after Beyoncé handpicked him.[80]

Beyoncé has set various fashion trends throughout her career, and aspects of her style looks, and clothing have influenced the public, designers, and other entertainers of different generations. Beyoncé's photoshoots and personal belongings have been displayed in museums and other exhibitions around the world, including several at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[81] She is often credited with popularizing the leotard as a performance outfit after appearing in the "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" music video and subsequent performances.[82] Beyoncé has also received various awards for her fashion, including the CFDA Fashion Icon Award in 2016.[83]

Beyoncé's looks have been a constant topic of conversation and she is highly regarded as one of the world's most beautiful women. She was named the "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People[84] and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012.[85] In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its "100 Sexiest Women of the 21st Century" list.[86][87] VH1 listed her at number 1 on its 100 Sexiest Artists list.[88]

Beyonce has also been regarded as an extremely confident individual. This can be seen through the lyrics in the music she makes. For example "As Beyoncé's "Formation" lyrics say, "I dream it, I work hard, I grind 'til I own it." (Primeau, 2016)." Beyonce Reveals The Key To Self-Confidence & You Should Probably Start Taking Notes ASAP

Influence on other artists
Several artists have been labeled with Beyoncé-associated nicknames. (from left to right) Normani,[89] Tinashe,[90] and Lizzo[91] have commonly been referred to as "the next Beyoncé".

Beyoncé has been cited as an influence by various mainstream artists.[note 1]

Many individuals, particularly black female singers, have received a nickname associated with the name Beyoncé. It is also common for a popular figure to be referred to as the Beyoncé of a specific category or group, often used as a superlative by the media.[161][162] Such instances include Meghan Markle being called a "wannabe Beyoncé of the UK"[163]

The label became visible in the profile of various performers, to which some of them have responded with mixed comments towards the moniker and comparisons with Beyoncé.[91] Others declared themselves as such or wanted to be the next Beyoncé and the media followed suit. Some artists were planned or slightly promoted as the next Beyoncé or as "Beyoncé's successor" in their debut era by their record label or music journalists, according to some of them or media, including Rihanna[164] and Tinashe.[165]

Various media sources have also labeled popular artists as the "local version" of Beyoncé, such as Ailee, Nadine Lustre, and Hwasa being referred to as the "Korean Beyoncé",[166][167][168][169] Naomi Wang as "China's Beyoncé",[170] Naomi Watanabe as “the Japanese Beyoncé”,[171][172] and Anitta and Iza as the "Brazilian Beyoncé".[173][174]

Notes
  1. These artists include Rihanna,[92] Lady Gaga,[93] Adele,[94] Britney Spears,[95][96] Little Mix,[97] Sam Smith,[98] Nicki Minaj,[99] Cardi B,[100] Anitta,[101] Ava Max,[102] Tini Stoessel,[103] Christina Aguilera,[104] Dami Im[105] Azealia Banks,[106] Doja Cat,[107] Kendrick Lamar,[108] Kesha,[109] Megan Thee Stallion,[110] Normani,[111] Camila Cabello,[112] Dua Lipa,[113] Jazmine Sullivan,[114] Rosalía,[115][116] SZA,[117] Tinashe,[118] Zara Larsson,[119] Addison Rae,[120] Alexandra Burke,[121] Alexis Jordan,[122] Amber Riley,[123] Bebe Rexha,[124] Brandy,[125] Bridgit Mendler,[126] Chris Martin,[127] Ciara,[128] Demi Lovato,[129] Ellie Goulding,[130] Faith Hill,[131] Fergie,[132] Gal Gadot,[133] Grimes,[134] Gwyneth Paltrow,[135] Haim,[136] Harry Styles,[137] Hayley Williams,[138] J Balvin,[139] Jess Glynne,[140] Jessie J,[141] Jessie Ware,[142][143] JoJo,[144] Kelly Rowland,[145] Kim Petras,[146] Leona Lewis,[147] Meghan Trainor,[148] Miley Cyrus,[149] Miranda Lambert,[150] Nicole Scherzinger,[151] One Direction,[152] Rina Sawayama,[153] Rita Ora,[154] Selena Gomez,[155] Stormzy,[156] Sevyn Streeter,[157] Tori Kelly,[158] Whitney Houston,[159] and Zendaya.[160]

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