B. N. K. Sharma

B.N.K. Sharma was born on 9 June 1909 in a Kannada-speaking Deshastha Brahmin family of Madhva tradition in Salem, Madras Presidency (present-day Tamil Nadu in a family of Sanskrit Scholars of the former Cochin State of Kerala. He was brought up speaking Marathi and Kannada at home and Tamil outside. His mother Lakshmi Bai was a housewife and native of Salem, while his father B.S.Narayan Rao, a Sanskrit scholar was a native of Coimbatore.[6] B. N. K. Sharma's actual name is Bhavani Narayanrao Krishnamurti and Sharma is not part of his name. Due to Brahmin origins, people started calling him "Sharma" and later it became part of his name. His family migrated from present-day North Karnataka to Kumbakonam of Thanjavur district and later to Cochin and Coimbatore.[4][7][1]

B.N.K. Sharma had his primary education at the Government School in Kumbakonam. As a child he had "sharp intellect and acumen" with a great interest in literature and philosophy.[4] Sharma completed his Bachelor of Arts degree in Sanskrit from University of Madras in 1931 and Master of Arts degree in 1935 from Presidency College, Chennai.[4] Sharma received his Ph.D. from University of Madras in 1948 for his thesis on the origin and development of the Dvaita School of Vedanta and its literature.[1]

Sharma started his teaching career as a lecturer at Annamalai University at the age of 22 in 1931 until 1938. In 1938 he became principal of Government Sanskrit College in Thiruvayur until 1948. In 1948 he worked as a research scholar in Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute in Punjab. In 1950, he started working as a principal at Poornaprajna Sanskrit College in Udupi. In 1952 he became Principal Dr. A. V. Baliga College, Kumta for a short time of one year. In 1953 he finally landed in Maharashtra, where he was appointed as professor and Head of the Department of Sanskrit in Ruparel College in Mumbai and retired in 1969.[1][8][9]

B. N. K. Sharma also rendered script for a comic book by the name "Madhvacharya: A Vaishnava Saint-Philosopher" of Amar Chitra Katha, a comic book series for which the editor was Anant Pai and the illustrator was H. S. Chavan. It was published in 1967. It was republished many times.[10]

Sharma authored more than 25 classical works and over 150 research papers on Vedic history, and Vedanta. He was an expert in Dvaita Vedanta. Some of his notable works include:[11]

• Philosophy of Śrī Madhvācārya. Motilal Banarsidass (2014 Reprint). 1962. ISBN 978-8120800687.
• History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature: From the Earliest Beginnings to Our Own Times, 3rd Edition. Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint). 1960. ISBN 978-8120815759.
• The Brahmasutras and Their Principal Commentaries A Critical Exposition Vol I, Vol II, Vol III. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers (2008 Reprint). 1971. ISBN 978-8121500357.
• Madhva's Aupanisadam Darsanam. Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation. 1983.
• The Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad Expounded from Śrī Madhvācārya's Perspective. Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation. 1988.
• Dvaita Philosophy as Expounded by Śrī Madhvācārya. University of Madras. 1961.
• Śrī Madhva's Teachings in His Own Words. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. 1970.
• Bhagavad Gita Bhashya of Śrī Madhvācārya. Anandatirtha Prathistama, Poornaprajna Vidyapeetha. 1989.
• Lectures on Vedānta. Karnatak University. 1973.
• Nyayasudha of Jayatirtha (3 Vols.). Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat. 2001.
• Festivals of India. Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, Government of India. 1977. ISBN 978-0836402834.
• Advaitasiddhi Vs Nyāyāmṛta: An Up To Date Critical Re-Appraisal. Akhila Bhārata Mādhva Mahamandal. 1994.

History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature

Dr. B. N. Krishnamurti Sharma is the author of "History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature: From the Earliest Beginnings to Our Own Times", (Motilal Banarsidass, 1962). For this research work, Dr. B. N. Krishnamurti Sharma was awarded Sahitya Akademi Award, the highest national literary award by the Government of India in 1963.[13][14]

"Dr. B.N.K. Sharma gives in this work a comprehensive account of the Dvaita School of Vedanta and Its Literature, from the earliest beginning to our own times. His work fills gap in the literature on Vedanta available in English. While we have many accounts of Samkara's Advaita comprehensive treatment of the Dvaita philosophy of Madhva has not been written. So, Dr. Sharma with his equipment in Sanskrit and competence in philosophy, has given us this work".

— Bharat Ratna and former Vice President of India Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan[15]

Advaitasiddhi Vs Nyāyāmṛta - An Up To Date Critical Re-Appraisal

Dr. B N. K. Sharma is the author of "Advaitasiddhi Vs Nyāyāmṛta: An Up To Date Critical Re-Appraisal". (Anandatirtha Prathisthana, 1994)

"All of us who are interested in Indian philosophy and in Vedanta, in particular, are greatly indebted to Dr. B.N.K. Sharma. He has in this volume added to this magisterial History of Dvaita School (2nd Edition 1981) and other writing with an exposition and unfolding of Vyasatirtha's Nyayamruta. Although the Neo-Vedantin philosophy of Swami Vivekananda was an important riposte to the critiques of Indian religion and philosophy launched by many missionaries and colonial administrator, and so became a potent weapon in the defense of Indian nationalism its great influence has indeed tended to obscure the real total shape of Vedanta taken in its various forms. Dr. Sharma's restoration of Madhva's rightful place in the whole scheme of Hindu thought has been most welcome. This latest undertaking of his shows how later important figures in Dvaitin tradition still produced important criticisms of the Non-Dualist epistemology and metaphysics. The pointed to certain instabilities in the Advaita philosophy. Dr. Sharma incesively points to the contradiction in supporting that God is after all a deceptive magician. Both western and tradition Indian scholars are in his debt for making the Nyayamruta available to a modern public".

— Professor Ninian Smart[16][17]

The Brahmasutras and Their Principal Commentaries A Critical Exposition

Dr. B N. K. Sharma is the author of The Brahmasutras and Their Principal Commentaries A Critical Exposition of 3 volumes, (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1974)

"For various reasons Advaita has had a dominant position in the consciousness of Indian tradition aroused by writers in the nationalist period-for instance by Vivekananda and Radhakrishnan. Perhaps now there has been some shift on the emphasis, and Dr. Sharma is one of those principally responsible. All this is brought out well in his Brahmasutras and their principal commentaries, the first volume of which has already attracted favorable notice. It is a great pleasure for me to commend the second volume. It is a systematic work and will be of considerable use for both teachers and students of these seminal texts. It adds to the use of the work that though essentially the commentary is in English it includes a full notation in Sanskrit to assist the scholar. Dr. Sharma interest in Dvaita is reflected in a fully balanced way in which he shows the positions of Samkara, Ramanuja and Madhvacharya (thought he also of course draws on other positions-Indian both ancient and modern and Western)".

— Professor Ninian Smart[18]

B.N.K. Sharma married Hemalatha, who hails from the Myleripalem Jagirdar family belonging to the same community. The couple has one son and one daughter named Sudhindra Krishnamurti Bhavani (popularly known as Dr S.K. Bhavani), who is also a scholar and author of many works and Vibha. His son S.K.Bhavani married Lakshmi and had a son named Purandar who is also a scholar. Sharma's daughter Vibha was married to Srinivasan.[21] Sharma's grandson Purandar Bhavani married Asha.[21]

B. N. K. Sharma's son S. K. Bhavani worked as a professor at the Department of Sanskrit in Somaiyya College, Bombay and later as the principal of the college. S.K. Bhavani wrote a commentary on Bhagavad Gita by bringing together a critical and comparative study of Gita as interpreted by Adi Shankara, Ramanuja and Madhva schools as well as by modern exponents like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Aurobindo.[22][23]

B.N.K. Sharma was a follower of Dvaita Vedanta of Hinduism, and a strong believer in spirituality. B. N. K. Sharma's family belongs to Vyasaraja Math, hence he is an ardent devotee of Vidyaprasanna Tirtha of Vyasaraja Math, but he is also a disciple of Satyadhyana Tirtha of Uttaradi Math. Their family deity is Lord Venkateshwara of Tirupati and used to visit the temple quite often.[24]

• Potter, Karl H. (1995). Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies. 1, Bibliography : Section 1, Volumes 1-2. Motilal Banarsidass Publications. ISBN 978-8120803084.
• Sharma, B.N.K (2000). A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, 3rd Edition. Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint). ISBN 978-8120815759.
• Sinha, Biswajit; Choudhury, Ashok Kumar (1996). Encyclopaedia of Indian Writers: Akademi Laurels. Eastern Book Linkers. ISBN 9788186339312.
• Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (2001). My Latest Four Research Papers. The Author.
• Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (1978). The Brahmasūtras and Their Principal Commentaries: A Critical Exposition, Volume 3. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. ISBN 9788121500357.
• Datta, Amaresh (1987). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-8126018031.
• Smart, Ninian (2009). Ninian Smart on World Religions: Traditions and the challenges of modernity. I. Individual traditions. Buddhism. 'Mysticism and scripture in Theravāda Buddhism'. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 9780754666387.
• Sharma, B.N. Krishnamurti (1994). Advaitasiddhi Vs Nyāyāmṛta: An Up To Date Critical Re-Appraisal. Akhila Bhārata Mādhva Mahamandal.
• Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (1974). The Brahmasūtras and Their Principal Commentaries: A Critical Exposition, Volume 2. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. ISBN 9788121500340.
• Akademi, Sahitya (1990). Sahitya Akademi awards: books and writers : 1955-1978. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 9788172010140.
• Potter, Karl H. (1988). Guide to Indian Philosophy. G.K. Hall Publishing. ISBN 9780816179046.
• Moraes, George Mark (1972). Historiography in Indian Languages: Dr. G.M. Moraes Felicitation Volume. Oriental Publishers.
• Balasubramanian, R. (2003). Theistic Vedānta, Volume 2, Part 3. Centre for Studies in Civilizations. ISBN 9788187586128.
• Betty, L. Stafford (1978). Vadiraja's Refutation of Sankara's Non-dualism: Clearing the Way for Theism. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 9788120831582.
• Lal, Sham (1969). The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who. Bennett, Coleman & Company.
• Myers, Michael (2013). Brahman:A Comparative Theology. Routledge. ISBN 9781136835728.