Es ist euch gut, daß ich hingehe, BWV 108

The cantata text was published in 1728 in Ziegler's first collection, Versuch in gebundener Schreibart.[3] The version set by Bach was slightly different, as he shortened the text here as in other cantatas by the same librettist. The music survived in a holograph manuscript, but was not published until 1876 when the cantata appeared in the Bach Gesellschaft´s first complete edition of Bach's work.[6]

Bach structured the cantata in six movements, beginning with a biblical quotation for the vox Christi, Jesus speaking. A set of aria and recitative is followed by a chorus on another biblical quotation from the gospel, while an aria leads to the closing chorale. Bach scored the work for three vocal soloists (alto (A), tenor (T) and bass (B)), a four-part choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of two oboes d'amore (Oa), two violins (Vl), viola (Va) and basso continuo.[7] The duration of the cantata is given as 20 minutes.[2]

In the following table of the movements, the scoring follows the Neue Bach-Ausgabe.[7] The keys and time signatures are taken from Alfred Dürr, using the symbol for common time (4/4).[2] The continuo, playing throughout, is not shown.

Movements of Es ist euch gut, daß ich hingehe

No.	Title	Text	Type	Vocal	Oboe	Strings	Key	Time
1	Es ist euch gut, daß ich hingehe	John 16:7	Aria	B	Oa	2Vl Va	A major
2	Mich kann kein Zweifel stören	anon.	Aria	T		Vl	F-sharp minor
3	Dein Geist wird mich also regieren	anon.	Recitative	T
4	Wenn aber jener, der Geist der Wahrheit kommen wird	John 16:13	Chorus	SATB	2Oa	2Vl Va	D major
5	Was mein Herz von dir begehrt	anon.	Aria	A		2Vl Va	B minor	6/8
6	Dein Geist, den Gott von Himmel gibt	Gerhardt	Chorale	SATB	2Oa	2Vl Va	B minor

The cantata presents similarities to the one Bach wrote the previous year for the same occasion, Wo gehest du hin? BWV 166.[8]

The similarities begin with the first movement, which like that of the previous year's cantata, is given to the bass as the vox Christi.[4] The movement is the quotation of verse 7 from the gospel, beginning: "Es ist euch gut, daß ich hingehe; denn so ich nicht hingehe, kömmt der Tröster nicht zu euch." (It is good for you that I leave; for if I did not go, the Comforter would not come to you.)[1] It is between aria and arioso.[2] An oboe d'amore as the obbligato instrument plays extended melodies. Voice and oboe share the musical material, conveying "the mood of grieving at parting".[4]

The following aria, "Mich kann kein Zweifel stören" (No doubt can disturb me),[1] is dominated by a virtuoso solo violin. The words "Ich glaube" (I believe) are illustrated by very long notes in the voice, while an ostinato bass line renders "steadfastness" in a different way.[4] The musicologist Julian Mincham notes that Bach uses the key F-sharp minor selectively, "often for slowish movements of great expressive force", for example for the alto aria Buß und Reu from his St Matthew Passion.[9]

A short secco recitative expresses "Dein Geist wird mich also regieren, daß ich auf rechter Bahne geh" (Thus Your Spirit will guide me, so that I walk on the right path).[1]

The next biblical quotation, verse 13 of the gospel, "Wenn aber jener, der Geist der Wahrheit, kommen wird, der wird euch in alle Wahrheit leiten." (But when that one, the Spirit of Truth, shall come, He shall lead you into all truth.)[1] is rendered by the choir.[4] It is divided in three sections, similar to a da capo form. All three parts are fugues,[4] combined in motet style,[8] the instruments playing mostly colla parte with the voices.[9] The second section begins "Denn er wird nicht vom ihm selber reden" (For He will not speak of His own accord);[1] the third section expresses "und was zukünftig ist, wird er verkündigen" (and what is to come, He will foretell),[1] on a fugue subject similar to the first,[2] giving the movement a "feeling of unity".[4]

The last aria,"Was mein Herz von dir begehrt" (What my heart desires from You),[1] is accompanied by the strings, dominated by the first violin. The word "Herz" (heart) is rendered in sighing motifs, intensified by following rests.[4]

The closing chorale, "Dein Geist, den Gott vom Himmel gibt, der leitet alles, was ihn liebt" (Your Spirit, which God sends from heaven, leads everything that loves Him),[1] is a four-part setting on the melody of "Kommt her zu mir, spricht Gottes Sohn".[10] The bass line is pacing forward constantly.[4]