Bandar-e Mahshahr

Bandar-e Mahshahr[lower-alpha 1] (Persian: بندرماهشهر)[3] is a city in the Central District of Mahshahr County, Khuzestan province, Iran, and serves as both capital of the county and of the district.

For the administrative division of Khuzestan province, see Mahshahr County.

Bandar-e Mahshahr
Persian: بندرماهشهر
City
Bandar-e Mahshahr is located in Iran
Bandar-e Mahshahr
Bandar-e Mahshahr
Coordinates: 30°33′24″N 49°11′23″E[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceKhuzestan
CountyMahshahr
DistrictCentral
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total162,797
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
Area code+98

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 109,927 in 24,110 households.[4] The following census in 2011 counted 153,778 people in 38,301 households.[5] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 162,797 people in 45,208 households.[2]

Mahshahr has two universities. Islamic Azad University of Mahshahr and Amirkabir University of Technology, Mahshahr campus. Both universities concentrate on engineering programs, especially petroleum and petrochemical engineering.

Demographics

Most of its people spoke a dialect that was a mixture of Southern Luri and Bushehri, which is still spoken by some elderly people and by younger generations mostly in rural areas (the dialect though still thrives in Hendijan and especially Genaaveh). But now Mahshahrians are mainly Persian-speaking. Local Persians are mostly of Behbahani, Qanavati, and Bandari families. There is also a local Arabic-speaking minority whose roots go back to Qabban in Iraq.[6]

Climate

On July 31, 2015, at around 4:30 PM Iran Daylight Time (3:10 PM apparent solar time), the air temperature measured at the Bandar-e Mahshahr airport was 46 °C (115 °F), the dew point was 32 °C (90 °F), and the relative humidity was 49%. This corresponds to a wet-bulb temperature of 34.6 °C (94.3 °F), slightly below the 35 °C (95 °F) mark that is considered the maximum humans can tolerate, above which extended exposure will lead to death.[7][8] Together, the city had a heat index of 74 °C (165 °F), the second highest heat index ever recorded anywhere in the world.[7]

Climate data for Bandar-e Mahshahr (1987-2005)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 26.5
(79.7)		 29.6
(85.3)		 35.2
(95.4)		 42.0
(107.6)		 48.0
(118.4)		 51
(124)		 54
(129)		 53
(127)		 49.0
(120.2)		 42.8
(109.0)		 35.8
(96.4)		 28.0
(82.4)		 54
(129)
Average high °C (°F) 17.1
(62.8)		 20.1
(68.2)		 24.8
(76.6)		 32.1
(89.8)		 39.2
(102.6)		 43.8
(110.8)		 45.2
(113.4)		 44.6
(112.3)		 41.3
(106.3)		 35.3
(95.5)		 26.5
(79.7)		 19.6
(67.3)		 32.5
(90.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 12.6
(54.7)		 14.8
(58.6)		 19.1
(66.4)		 25.5
(77.9)		 31.3
(88.3)		 34.8
(94.6)		 36.8
(98.2)		 36.2
(97.2)		 32.4
(90.3)		 27.5
(81.5)		 19.9
(67.8)		 14.6
(58.3)		 25.5
(77.9)
Average low °C (°F) 8.1
(46.6)		 9.4
(48.9)		 13.3
(55.9)		 19.0
(66.2)		 23.4
(74.1)		 25.8
(78.4)		 28.4
(83.1)		 27.8
(82.0)		 23.5
(74.3)		 19.6
(67.3)		 13.4
(56.1)		 9.6
(49.3)		 18.5
(65.3)
Record low °C (°F) −2.0
(28.4)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 1.4
(34.5)		 7.6
(45.7)		 14.0
(57.2)		 18.0
(64.4)		 23.0
(73.4)		 20.0
(68.0)		 15.0
(59.0)		 8.8
(47.8)		 0.0
(32.0)		 0.0
(32.0)		 −2.6
(27.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 53.5
(2.11)		 28.2
(1.11)		 29.6
(1.17)		 12.2
(0.48)		 1.9
(0.07)		 0.1
(0.00)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.2
(0.01)		 6.1
(0.24)		 30.9
(1.22)		 50.7
(2.00)		 213.4
(8.40)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 5.7 3.6 3.7 1.9 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 2.5 5.9 24.8
Average relative humidity (%) 74 60 52 42 29 26 31 35 35 42 53 70 45
Mean monthly sunshine hours 183.4 212.4 233.4 236.7 301.7 344.5 342.8 336.0 302.8 269.9 215.1 182.4 3,161.1
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records),[9] (temperatures),[10] (precipitation),[11] (humidity),[12] (days with precipitation),[13] (sunshine)[14]

2019 Protests
Main article: 2019 Iranian protests

In the 2019 Iranian fuel protests, Amnesty International confirmed that security forces killed 14 protestors in Bandar-e Mahshahr, a death toll higher than that of larger cities such as Tehran or Shiraz;[15] the New York Times reports between 40 and 100 protestors were killed in Mahshahr.[16]

Port and Special Economic Zone

The port of Bandar-e Mahshahr is immediately adjacent to the East of the port of Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni. It is specialized in oil and petrochemical products exports. It includes a Special economic zone used by the National Iranian Petrochemical Company and the National Petrochemical Company (NPC), the Special industrial economic zones 'Petzone'.

The port of Bandar-e Mahshahr is mostly used by tanker ships and is accessible through the same channel as the port of Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni, i.e. the 42 miles long, 20 meter deep Khor Musa channel,[17][18]

Footnotes
  1. Also romanized as Bandar Mahshahr, Bandar-e Māhshahr, Bandar-e Ma‘shūr, Bandar Mah-Shahr, Bandar Mah Sharh, Bandar-mashoor, Bandar-Mashour, Bandar Ma‘shūr, Bandar Mashur; also known as Bār Andāz, Māhshahr, Mah Shahr, and Mashur

References
  1. OpenStreetMap contributors (5 August 2023). "Bandar-e Mahshahr, Mahshahr County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  2. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived from the original (Excel) on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. Bandar-e Mahshahr can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3055128" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  5. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)" (Excel). Iran Data Portal (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  6. Kanʻānī Hindījānī, ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd. 2002. Tārīkh va jughrāfiyā-yi sarʹzamīn-i kuhan bā tamaddunī dīrīnah az Arjān tā Qabān, Hindījān, Bandar Māhshahr, Shādagān. Shīrāz: Navīd-i Shīrāz.
  7. Samenow, Jason. "Iran city hits suffocating heat index of 165 degrees, near world record". The Washington Post. July 31, 2015.
  8. Christoph Schär (2016). "Climate extremes: The worst heat waves to come". Nature Climate Change. 6 (2): 128. Bibcode:2016NatCC...6..128S. doi:10.1038/nclimate2864.
  11. "Monthly Total Precipitation in Bandar-e Mahshahr by Month 1987–2005". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  12. "Average relative humidity in Bandar-e Mahshahr by Month 1987–2005". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  13. "No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Bandar-e Mahshahr by Month 1987–2005". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  14. "Monthly total sunshine hours in Bandar-e Mahshahr by Month 1987–2005". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  15. "Iranian security forces are using lethal force to crush protests". 19 November 2019.
  16. Fassihi, Farnaz; Gladstone, Rick (1 December 2019). "With Brutal Crackdown, Iran Convulsed by Worst Unrest in 40 Years". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  17. "Bandar Mahshahr | IranWaterway".
  18. "Mahshahr port - Bandar-e Mahshahr".
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