Baqa al-Gharbiyye

An olive press, quarries and a winepress seeming to date to the Hellenistic or Early Roman period have been found.[4] Ceramic objects from the late Roman or early Byzantine periods have also been found,[5] and a burial cave, with remains dating to Byzantine and the beginning of the Umayyad periods (sixth–seventh centuries CE).[6]

In 1265 Sultan Baibars divided the village between the emirs 'Ala' al-Din Taibars al-Zahiri and Ala' al-Din 'Ali al-Tunkuzi when the villages of Palestine were divided and given to the fighters who fought against the Crusaders.[3][7]

In 1517 the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine. During the 16th and 17th centuries, Baqa belonged to the Turabay Emirate (1517-1683), which encompassed also the Jezreel Valley, Haifa, Jenin, Beit She'an Valley, northern Jabal Nablus, Bilad al-Ruha/Ramot Menashe, and the northern part of the Sharon plain.[8][9] Baqa was mentioned in an Ottoman document in 1538, as a five-family small village with 11 non-married people. In 1596, Baqa al-Gharbiyye appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Jabal Shami, part of the Sanjak of Nablus. It had a population of 5 Muslim households who paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on wheat, barley, summer crops, goats or beehives, and a press for olives or grapes; a total of 12,000 akçe. Half of the revenue went to the waqf of al-Haramayn as-Sarifayn.[10]

In 1799, Pierre Jacotin misplaced Atil instead of Baka, on his map made during the French campaign in Egypt and Syria.[11]

In 1838 it was noted as a village, Bakah, the west, in the western Esh-Sha'rawiyeh administrative region, north of Nablus.[12]

In 1870, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village. He described it as standing on a low hill. A few wells and cisterns looked ancient, the rest had a modern appearance. He estimated the population to be 1500.[13] In 1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of al-Sha'rawiyya al-Sharqiyya.[14]

In 1882 the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Baqa al-Gharbiyye as a village of moderate size, very white and conspicuous. It had a few olive trees, and orchards to the south.[15]

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Baqa Gharbiyeh had a population of 1,443; 1442 Muslim[16] and one Anglican Christian.[17] In the 1931 census of Palestine, Baqa was recorded as having a population of 1,640 Muslims living in 403 houses.[18] These numbers included the nearby smaller locality El Manshiya.[18]

Like other Palestinian villages during the Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 a strict British martial law controlled the village. When the battles reached a peak in 1938 a state of emergency was declared by Britain and tough collective punishment was imposed on every village where militants were found. A British military camp was established near the al-Madrasa al-Foqa School.

On 25 August 1938 a clash took place between British troops and local militants and resulted in an armed battle which resulted two dead British officers and injuring three militants. The same day British military forces stormed the village and larger battles begun and continued until next day morning by which British losses raised to three.

The next day, 26 August 1938, the British ordered the villagers to leave homes without taking anything with them and those who refused were taken out by force, and they were driven to a nearby camp. Later on raids over the village started and continued until evening, leaving a great devastation for such a small village then: most of the wooden homes were burnt and over 70 homes were flattened. After the raids were over the villagers were forced to walk to the Nur al-Shams Camp near Tulkarm. The next day the villagers returned to the village to find out the huge damage that occurred to Baqa, and the news spread out quickly in the Palestinian cities. This was one of the largest British attacks on a Palestinian village during the revolt. Older generation from the village tells that in this attack men from the village were arrested, led by a group of women, women and children walked to the camp and threw stones and rocks towards the camp to free those who were arrested.

In the 1945 statistics the population of Baqa al-Gharbiyye (including Manshiyat Baqa) consisted of 2,240 Muslims[19] with a total land area of 21,116 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[20] Of this, 861 dunams were designated for plantations and irrigable land, 18,986 for cereals,[21] while 76 dunams were built-up (urban) areas.[22]

• 
  Baqa al-Gharbiyye 1942 1:20,000
• 
  Baqa al-Gharbiyye 1945 1:250,000

Israeli President Yitzhak Ben Zvi visiting MK Fares Hamdan[23] in Baka El-Garbiyya, September 1956

Baqa al-Gharbiyya health clinic, 1950s

Al-Qasemi Academic College of Education.

In the early years of Israeli independence, Baqa al-Gharbiyye was one of the headquarters of the Israeli military administration.[24] The land holdings of the town, which had been 21,116 dunams in 1945, were reduced to 8,228 dunams by 1962, mostly due to expropriation in 1953–1954.[24] In 1963, the Baka canning plant went into partnership with Priman, an Israeli company that relocated to Baqa al-Gharibiyye.[23]

In 1996, Baqa al-Gharbiyye was declared a city. In 2003 it was combined with the nearby town Jatt to become the city of Baqa-Jatt.[25]

Baqa al-Gharbiyye is separated from its West Bank sister city, Baqa ash-Sharqiyya (or Baqa East), by the Israeli West Bank barrier which in this section coincides with the Green Line.[26] As a result, a concrete wall topped with barbed wire runs through one neighbourhood.[27]

As the Israeli foreign minister in April and June 2008, Tzipi Livni raised the possibility of territorial exchange with Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas. She proposed transferring Israeli Arab communities, among them Baqa al-Gharbiyeh, to the Palestinian side of the border. The Palestinians rejected the proposal.[28]