Baranagar

Baranagar or Baranagore (/ˈbɑːrnɑːɡɑːr/[24][25][lower-alpha 1] BAR-a-na-gar, Bengali: [ˈbɔraɦˌnɔɡor] ⓘ[26][25][lower-alpha 2]) is a city and a municipality in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).[27] Baranagar is the fifth most densely populated city proper in the world.[13][14]

Not to be confused with Baranagar, Murshidabad.
"Baranagore" redirects here. For other uses, see Baranagar (disambiguation).

Baranagar
Baranagore
City
Etymology: Bengali: বরানগর
Baranagar is located in West Bengal
Baranagar
Baranagar
Location in West Bengal, India
Baranagar is located in India
Baranagar
Baranagar
Baranagar (India)
Baranagar is located in Asia
Baranagar
Baranagar
Baranagar (Asia)
Coordinates: 22.64°N 88.37°E / 22.64; 88.37
Country India
State West Bengal
DivisionPresidency
DistrictNorth 24 Parganas[1]
RegionGreater Kolkata[2]
Railway stationBaranagar
Metro station
Established1869 (1869) (as North Suburban Municipality)
1889 (1889) (as Baranagar Municipality)[3]
Wards34[4]
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • BodyBaranagar Municipality
 • Municipality ChairmanAparna Moulik[5][6]
(AITC)
 • MLATapas Roy[7][8]
(AITC)
Minister for the department of planning and statistics and parliamentary affairs[9][10]
Area
 • Total7.12 km2 (2.75 sq mi)
Elevation
12 m (39 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total245,313[11]
 • Rank18th (in West Bengal)[12]
187th (in India)
 • Density35,220/km2 (91,200/sq mi)
  • Rank5th in the world[13][14]
Languages
 • OfficialBengali, English
 • Literacy rate91.41%[11]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
Telephone code+91 33[19]
Vehicle registrationWB-23, WB-24[20]
Lok Sabha constituencyDum Dum[21]
Vidhan Sabha constituencyBaranagar[21]
ClimateAw (Köppen)
Precipitation1,770 millimetres (70 in)
Avg. summer temperature31.7 °C (89.1 °F)
Avg. winter temperature22.2 °C (72.0 °F)
Sex ratio1000/943 (1.06)
(♂/♀)
Websitebaranagarmunicipality.org
[22][23]

It is home to the Indian Statistical Institute, an institution of national importance devoted to the research, teaching and application of statistics, natural sciences and social sciences.[28] Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School is one of the oldest and most renowned schools in Baranagar and North Kolkata.[29][30]

Baranagar is a major industrial centre for the manufacture of agricultural and industrial machinery, chemicals, castor oil, and matches; Baranagar is also home to numerous cotton-processing companies, offset & digital printing companies and book publishers.

Etymology

The word Baranagar derives from the Bengali term Barahanagore (Bengali: বরাহনগর), meaning "City of the Hogs". (বরাহ: hog, নগর: city) Streynsham Master who visited the area in 1676 spoke of the hog factory where about 3,000 hogs a year were slaughtered and salted for export.[31]

There are several explanations for the etymology of this name:

  • Baranagar or Barahanagar, meaning the "big" (Bara or Barra) and "town or land" (nagar) of the "pig" (baraha).[23]

History
Dutch Kuthi in Baranagar

Baranagar Municipality was established in 1869; it is one of the oldest municipalities in India.[6] The Dutch had homes there in the seventeenth century.[32] Streynsham Master who visited the area in 1676 spoke of the hog factory where about 3,000 hogs a year were slaughtered and salted for export. Later it became the centre for the extensive jute trade, manufacturing gunny bags.[31] A major road (Surya Sen Road) parallel to the Hooghly river connects Baranagar Bazaar with Dakshineswar. In between temples such as Kaancher Mandir (i.e. Glass Temple),[33] Joy Mitra Kali Bari[34] and Pathbari are located.

Portuguese colonist first established their business camp here, which was in existence till 1862. Dutch settlers established their ‘Kuthi’ or office for business. Dutch supremacy ended with the arisen of British power in Bengal. M/s. Colvin Cow II Co. was the pioneer of industrial Baranagar. They founded a Sugar Mill near Alambazar. Later George Henderson founded Borneo Jute Factory at that site.[35] In 1859, the factory was renamed Baranagar Jute Factory and is still in existence. The Baranagar Jute Factory was the first mechanical Jute Factory in India. During the two World Wars, many engineering factories were set up in Baranagar, and the town became famous as Industrial City. To provide civic amenities, North Suburban Municipality was formed in 1869 consisting of Chitpur and Cossipore (presently under Kolkata M.C.), all mouzas of present Baranagar Municipal Area along with Kamarhati, Ariadaha and Dakshineswar mouzas of present Kamarhati Municipality. In 1881 North Suburban Municipality was divided into two parts, 1) Cossipore- Chitpur Municipality (later amalgamated with Kolkata Municipal area) and 2) Baranagar Municipality. On 01.08.1899, Kamarhati Municipality was formed, parting Kamarhati and Ariadaha Mouzas from Baranagar. In 1949 Dakshineswar Mouza was parted from Baranagar and merged with Kamarhati Municipality.[23]


In Kuthighat (Baranagar), there is still an old house/lodge of Nigerian merchants.[36][37]

Notable residents

Spiritual Leaders

Academician and Writers

Sports

Entertainment

Others

Geography
🌍
Cities and towns in the southern portion of Barrackpore subdivision in North 24 Parganas district
M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town,
N: neighbourhood/ administrative location
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

Location
Satellite view of city Baranagar

Baranagar is located at 22.64°N 88.37°E / 22.64; 88.37.[66] It has an average elevation of 12 metres (39 feet). It is situated east of the Hooghly River. Baranagar Municipal area lies between Sinthee More and Dunlop.

More particularly to say, the boundary of Baranagar is :- in the east – the Rail line from Sealdah towards Krishnanagar; in the west – the holy river Ganga, in the north – Dakshineshwar and PWD Road and in the south – Cossipore and Sinthee. Dakshineshwar Kali Temple lies just a quarter of a mile from this place. There are many Ganga ghats in Baranagar for example Pramanic ghat, Kuthighat, Kancher mandir or glass temple ghat etc.

96% of the population of Barrackpore subdivision (partly presented in the map alongside, all places marked on the map are linked in the full screen map) lives in urban areas. In 2011, it had a density of population of 10,967 per km2. The subdivision has 16 municipalities and 24 census towns.[67]

Climate

In summer, i.e. from April to June, the weather remains hot and temperatures range from a maximum of 35 °C (95 °F) to a minimum of 26 °C (79 °F).

Monsoon season prevails during beginning-June to mid-September. Also retrieving monsoon from mid-October till mid-November

The weather is quite pleasant, the summers and winters are moderate. The level of moisture increases during summers.[66]

Climate data for Baranagar
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 26.4
(79.5)		 29.1
(84.4)		 33.5
(92.3)		 35.3
(95.5)		 35.4
(95.7)		 34
(93)		 32.3
(90.1)		 32.1
(89.8)		 32.4
(90.3)		 32.3
(90.1)		 30.3
(86.5)		 27
(81)		 31.7
(89.0)
Average low °C (°F) 13.8
(56.8)		 16.9
(62.4)		 21.7
(71.1)		 25.1
(77.2)		 26
(79)		 26.5
(79.7)		 26.1
(79.0)		 26.1
(79.0)		 25.8
(78.4)		 23.9
(75.0)		 19.6
(67.3)		 14.5
(58.1)		 22.2
(71.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 20
(0.8)		 40
(1.6)		 40
(1.6)		 60
(2.4)		 140
(5.5)		 280
(11.0)		 400
(15.7)		 340
(13.4)		 280
(11.0)		 140
(5.5)		 20
(0.8)		 10
(0.4)		 1,770
(69.7)
Average rainy days 4 3 4 6 12 18 23 22 18 11 3 1 125
Source: Baranagar Weather[68]

Demographics

Population
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1901 25,432—    
1911 25,895+1.8%
1921 32,084+23.9%
1931 37,050+15.5%
1941 54,451+47.0%
1951 77,126+41.6%
1961 107,837+39.8%
1971 136,842+26.9%
1981 170,343+24.5%
1991 224,831+32.0%
2001 250,768+11.5%
2011 245,213−2.2%
Source: Census of India[69]

As per the 2011 Census of India, Baranagar had a total population of 245,213, of which 126,187 (51%) were males and 119,026 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 16,825. The total number of literates in Baranagar was 208,779 (91.41% of the population over 6 years), male literates are 110,118 (93.69%) and female literates are 98,661 (89%).[11]

As of 2001 India census,[70] Baranagar had a population of 250,615. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Baranagar has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 55% of the males and 45% of females literate. 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Religions in Baranagar[11]
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 94.95%
Muslims
 
 2.96%
Sikhs
 
 1.15%
Others†
 
 0.94%
Distribution of religions
†Includes Christians, Buddhists, Jains (~0.94%).
Literacy in Baranagar
Literacy Percent
Male
 
 93.69%
Female
 
 89%
All
 
 91.41%

Kolkata Urban Agglomeration

The following Municipalities, Census Towns and other locations in Barrackpore subdivision were part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in the 2011 census: Kanchrapara (M), Jetia (CT), Halisahar (M), Balibhara (CT), Naihati (M), Bhatpara (M), Kaugachhi (CT), Garshyamnagar (CT), Garulia (M), Ichhapur Defence Estate (CT), North Barrackpur (M), Barrackpur Cantonment (CB), Barrackpore (M), Jafarpur (CT), Ruiya (CT), Titagarh (M), Khardaha (M), Bandipur (CT), Panihati (M), Muragachha (CT) New Barrackpore (M), Chandpur (CT), Talbandha (CT), Patulia (CT), Kamarhati (M), Baranagar (M), South Dumdum (M), North Dumdum (M), Dum Dum (M), Noapara (CT), Babanpur (CT), Teghari (CT), Nanna (OG), Chakla (OG), Srotribati (OG) and Panpur (OG).[12]

Infrastructure

As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Baranagar Municipal city covered an area of 7.12 km2. Amongst the civic amenities it had 160.23 km of roads and both open and closed drains. Amongst the medical facilities It had 55 medicine shops. Amongst the educational facilities it had 49 primary schools, 33 middle schools, 33 secondary schools, many higher secondary schools and 2 non-formal education centres. Amongst the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 2 cinema/theatres and 2 auditorium/ community halls. It had 20 bank branches.[71]

Economy

Baranagar is also economically enriched for "Baranagar Jute Mill".[72] Hessian, sacking, fabrics, carpets and bags from jute (Corchorus spp) are manufactured in here. It is one of the oldest jute mills. The service sector includes the rest of the economy. Baranagar is also home to numerous cotton-processing companies, offset & digital printers and Purushottam Publishers, an academic book publishing company.[73]

Transport

Railways
Baranagar Road railway station

Baranagar Road railway station is situated in Baranagar. It is a Kolkata suburban railway station. It is one of the oldest railway station. Sealdah - Dankuni line's trains pass through this station.[74]

Metro railways
Baranagar metro station
Noapara metro station

Noapara metro station is situated at Noapara in Baranagar. It is Kolkata Metro's largest station.[75] The extension of Kolkata Metro Line 1 from Dum Dum to Dakshineswar was sanctioned in 2010–11. It was extended up to Noapara in 2013.[76] The subsequent work was held up because of the encroachments on railway land. Baranagar metro station is currently operational. Located adjacent to Baranagar Road railway station this station was inaugurated on 22 February 2021 and commercial run started on the following day.[77][78][79][80]

Road
Belghoria Expressway
BT Road in Dunlop.

Barrackpore Trunk Road (part of both SH 1 and SH 2) passes through Baranagar.[81] Belghoria Expressway also passes through Baranagar. Dunlop Crossing is one of the largest crossings near Kolkata which connects Kolkata with Northern suburban areas and Howrah, Hooghly.[82][83][84] Another important road is Gopal Lal Tagore Road which is connected to B.T. Road at Sinthee More (via Kashi Nath Dutta Road), at Tobin More (via Baghajatin Road) and also at Dunlop. Gopal Lal Tagore Road is also connected to Dakshineswar via Deshbandhu Road-Surya Sen Road (through Alambazar). Many buses ply along all these roads.[81]

Ferry
Ferry ghat at Kuthi Ghat in Baranagar

Transport in water pathway is held by boat, launch and bhutbhuti from Baranagar's Kuthi Ghat to Howrah and Belur of Howrah district, Cossipore and Bagbazar of Kolkata district, Uttarpara of Hooghly district, Dakshineshwar and Ariadaha of North 24 Parganas district on the river Ganges.[85][86][87]

Education

University
Indian Statistical Institute

Baranagar houses the headquarters of the Indian Statistical Institute at Bonhooghly.[28] It is an academic institute of national importance as recognised by a 1959 act of the Indian parliament. Established in 1931, this public university of India is focused on statistics.[88]

Colleges

Colleges of Baranagar are:

Schools
Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School
Baranagar Victoria School
Central Modern School
Baranagar Narendranath Vidyamandir
Sinthi R B T Vidyapith

Baranagar is also home to many schools providing quality education to the local and neighbourhood people.[92]

  • Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School[93][94] (Senior secondary boys' school)
  • Ramakrishna Mission Centenary Primary School, Baranagore[95] (Primary boys' school)
  • Central Modern School[96][97]
  • Bonhooghly High School
  • Baranagar Vidyamandir
  • Rajkumari School for Girls
  • Mayapith School
  • Baranagar Narendranath Vidyamandir
  • Baranagar Rajkumari Memorial Girls' High School
  • Khalsa Model Senior Secondary School
  • Ananda Ashram Sarada Vidyapith
  • Baranagar Netaji Colony Bharti Girls' Institution
  • Netaji High School
  • Baranagar Rameswar H.S. School
  • Baranagar Victoria School
  • Ashokegarh Adarsha Vidyalaya
  • Jyotinagar Bidyashree Niketan
  • Sinthi R B T Vidyapith
  • Mata Monmohini Secondary School
  • Baranagar Mayapith Girls' High School
  • G D Goenka Public School Dakshineswar (earlier: Delhi Public School North Kolkata)
  • Calcutta Public School, Bidhan Park
  • Baranagar Mohan Girls' High School
  • Alambazar Urdu High School
  • Jyotinagar Vidyashree Niketan

Health facilities

Following hospitals are located in Baranagar:

  • Baranagar State General Hospital[98]
  • Disha Eye Hospital[99]
  • National Institute for Locomotor Disability (NILD)[100]
  • Baine Hospital[101]
  • Baranagar Matri Sadan[102]
  • Indian Institute of Psychometry (IIP)[103]
  • Eskag Sanjeevani Multispeciality Hospital[104]

Culture
Durga Puja at Baranagar in 2018
Saraswati Puja at Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission in 2019
Kali Puja at Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission in 2013

Baranagar Math near Pramanick ghat is the place where Swami Vivekananda and a few other disciples of Sri Ramakrishna Dev started their spiritual journey that culminated in forming the monastic order later located at Belur Math, the present headquarters of Ramakrishna Mission.[105] Other places worth visiting are Jay Mitra Kalibari, Pramanick Kalibari, and Kouleswar Mandir. Pathbari Mandir is a place where Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, the great religious leader, set his foot on his way to Puri nearly five hundred years ago here.[106] In Baranagar a math has been set up very recently, called Alambazar Math in the heritage building where Swami Vivekananda first put up after coming back from abroad.[107] The Annapurna Temple and the newly built Omkarnath Temple are also other two attractions of the "Mahamilan Math".[108] Trailanga Swami Math is also here in Baranagar at Vidyayatan Sarani. There is also an old kalibari in Baranagar Bazar and one in Kutighat and Pramanicghat.

Baranagar has a gurdwara named "Dunlop Gurudwara" near Dunlop Bridge, a church named "St. James' Church, Baranagar"[109] near Sinthee More along with many mosques.

Baranagar is famous for Durga Puja. Popular Durga Puja organizations like Netaji Colony Lowland, Bandhudal Sporting club, Noapara Dadabhai Sangha, Karmi Sangha, Kalakar para, Ashokgarh Sarbojanin, Nainan Bandhav Samiti, Mullick Colony, Shibmandir maath- all lie in Baranagar. [110][111][112] In every winter, a circus is organised at 'Sinthi Circus Maidan' named "Ajanta Circus".[113]

Recently in 2019, AlamBazar Shyam Mandir has been inaugurated by then Governor of Bengal Jagdeep Dhankhar.

Sports

Baranagar is the birthplace of famous sportspersons who have participated in Olympic Games e.g., archer Dola Banerjee,[114] Rahul Banerjee, Atanu Das.[115]

Many sport academies and sporting clubs are situated in Baranagar:[116]

Tourist attractions
Baranagar Math
Kripamayee Kali Temple
Kuthi Ghat
Glass Temple

Several educational institutions, religious places, pilgrims, heritage buildings, places of Baranagar are tourist attractions of many people.[122]

Besides these, many people come in Baranagar every year in Durga Puja period, in the time of "Ajanta Circus".

Notes
  1. Typically pronounced /ˈbɑːrnɑːɡɑːr/ in the English-speaking world.
  2. Typically pronounced [ˈbɔraɦˌnɔɡor] in the Bengali-speaking world.

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