Jalpaiguri

Jalpaiguri is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal.[7] It is the headquarters of the Jalpaiguri district as well as of the Jalpaiguri division of West Bengal, covering the jurisdiction of the five districts of North Bengal.[8] The city is located on the banks of the Teesta River which is the second largest river in West Bengal after the Ganges, on the foothills of the Himalayas.[9] The city is the home to the circuit bench of the Kolkata High Court, the other seat being at Port Blair in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.[2][3] Jalpaiguri features the Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College, the second campus of the University of North Bengal and the Biswa Bangla Krirangan/ Jalpaiguri Sports Village.[10][11] It lies 35 km (22 mi) east of its twin city, Siliguri. The merging of the two cities makes it the largest metropolis of the region.

This article is about the city in India. For other uses, see Jalpaiguri (disambiguation).

Jalpaiguri
City
From top, left-to-right:
Kanchenjunga from outskirts of Jalpaiguri city,Jalpaiguri Rajbari Gate, Raikat Temple
Jalpaiguri is located in West Bengal
Jalpaiguri
Jalpaiguri
Location in West Bengal, India
Jalpaiguri is located in India
Jalpaiguri
Jalpaiguri
Jalpaiguri (India)
Coordinates: 26.52°N 88.73°E / 26.52; 88.73
Country India
State West Bengal
DistrictJalpaiguri
Founded1869
Founded byBritish India
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • Body
  • Jalpaiguri Municipality
  • Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority
  • Jalpaiguri Zilla Parishad
 • Chairman
of
Jalpaiguri Municipality		Papia Paul
 • Chairman of SJDASourav Chakraborty
 • Sahakari Sabadhipati
of
Jalpaiguri Zilla Parishad		Sima Chowdhury
(Since 14 August 2023)
Area
[1]
 • City12.95 km2 (5.00 sq mi)
Elevation
89 m (292 ft)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • City107,341
 • Rank19th in West Bengal
 • Density8,300/km2 (21,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
[3][4]
169,002
Demonym(s)Jalpaigurians, Jalpaiguribashi
Languages
 • OfficialBengali[5][6]
 • Additional officialEnglish[5]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
735101 - 735 110 (city limits), 735120 - 735134 (suburbs)
Telephone code+913561
Vehicle registrationWB - 71, WB - 72 2
Lok Sabha constituencyJalpaiguri
Vidhan Sabha constituencyJalpaiguri Sadar, Rajganj (SC), Maynaguri, Mal, Fulbari, Dhupguri, Nagrakata
EconomyLabour Participation :

59.61% Decrease Agriculture 16.24% Increase Manufacturing 24.15% Increase Services


Nominal Per capita : $1235 Increase (2021)

Ppp per capita : $ 2135 Increase (2021)
Precipitation3,395 mm (134 in)
Avg. annual temperature24.8 °C (77 °F)
Websitejalpaigurimunicipality.org jalpaiguri.gov.in jalpaigurizp.in
1The coordinates given here are in metric system and based upon the Microsoft Encarta Reference Library Map Center 2005 2 The Vehicle Code given here based upon the Jalpaiguri District Court documentations.

Etymology

The name "Jalpaiguri" comes from the word "Jalpai" meaning olive, which grew in the city and adjacent areas. And "Guri" means a place.[12]

Geography

Jalpaiguri is the district headquarter of Jalpaiguri District. It is situated at a height of 89m(292ft) from Mean Sea Level. The city lies very close to the Himalayas and on the left bank of Teesta river. The Karla river is another major river of Jalpaiguri which flows through the city.

Mount Kanchenjunga as viewed from Jalpaiguri in October 2020
Kangchenjunga from Jalpaiguri at sunrise (November 2022)

Temperature

The annual average temperature of Jalpaiguri city is 24.8 °C. In summer, the temperature varies from a minimum of 20-22 °C to a maximum of 28-34 °C. August is the hottest month with an average temperature of 29.2 °C. The temperature in July, August sometimes exceed 35 °C.[13][14] The highest temperature ever recorded in Jalpaiguri was 40.9 °C, recorded on 21 July 1986. The winter maximum temperature here hovers around 22-25 °C and minimum drops 8-10 °C. The minimum temperature sometimes falls below 7 °C.[15][16][17] The lowest temperature ever dropped in Jalpaiguri city was 2.2 °C, recorded on 5 February 1914.[18]

Rainfall and other conditions

As Jalpaiguri is located on the base of the Himalayas, the city receives a high amount of rainfall throughout the year. The average annual rainfall is approximately 3400 mm.[19] A distinct season, monsoon is observed from June to September. About 965.7 mm rain falls in July. Though the amount plummets to 6.6 mm in December.[19] On an average, the rainy days in Jalpaiguri city are 100.[19] The heaviest one-day rainfall occurred on 10 July 1999 when 474 mm rain fell in the city. The wettest month was July 1996. In that month, a total of 1546.2 mm of rain was received.[19] Jalpaiguri doesn't get snowfall. Humidity is very high in the air.

Climate data for Jalpaiguri (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.4
(95.7)		 35.4
(95.7)		 37.3
(99.1)		 40.0
(104.0)		 40.4
(104.7)		 39.4
(102.9)		 40.9
(105.6)		 38.4
(101.1)		 38.9
(102.0)		 38.4
(101.1)		 38.4
(101.1)		 35.4
(95.7)		 40.9
(105.6)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 27.2
(81.0)		 29.7
(85.5)		 34.1
(93.4)		 35.8
(96.4)		 36.4
(97.5)		 36.7
(98.1)		 36.4
(97.5)		 36.3
(97.3)		 35.6
(96.1)		 34.3
(93.7)		 32.5
(90.5)		 29.4
(84.9)		 37.4
(99.3)
Average high °C (°F) 23.5
(74.3)		 26.5
(79.7)		 30.1
(86.2)		 31.8
(89.2)		 32.2
(90.0)		 32.3
(90.1)		 32.1
(89.8)		 32.8
(91.0)		 32.0
(89.6)		 31.5
(88.7)		 29.4
(84.9)		 26.0
(78.8)		 30.1
(86.2)
Average low °C (°F) 10.7
(51.3)		 13.4
(56.1)		 17.3
(63.1)		 21.1
(70.0)		 23.3
(73.9)		 25.0
(77.0)		 25.5
(77.9)		 25.6
(78.1)		 24.7
(76.5)		 21.8
(71.2)		 17.0
(62.6)		 12.8
(55.0)		 20.0
(68.0)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 7.7
(45.9)		 9.2
(48.6)		 12.8
(55.0)		 16.4
(61.5)		 19.7
(67.5)		 21.3
(70.3)		 22.7
(72.9)		 23.3
(73.9)		 21.5
(70.7)		 18.3
(64.9)		 13.8
(56.8)		 8.7
(47.7)		 8.4
(47.1)
Record low °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8)		 2.2
(36.0)		 7.8
(46.0)		 10.3
(50.5)		 11.5
(52.7)		 15.5
(59.9)		 18.1
(64.6)		 18.1
(64.6)		 17.7
(63.9)		 15.4
(59.7)		 9.4
(48.9)		 5.6
(42.1)		 2.2
(36.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 9.0
(0.35)		 16.1
(0.63)		 35.2
(1.39)		 118.7
(4.67)		 332.2
(13.08)		 628.4
(24.74)		 917.3
(36.11)		 624.1
(24.57)		 511.1
(20.12)		 154.1
(6.07)		 7.1
(0.28)		 3.3
(0.13)		 3,356.9
(132.16)
Average rainy days 0.8 1.1 2.3 6.9 12.5 17.4 21.2 17.5 14.3 5.4 0.7 0.3 100.3
Average relative humidity (%) (at 08:30 IST) 87 81 73 76 81 86 89 87 87 83 79 83 83
Source: India Meteorological Department[20][21]

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, Jalpaiguri had a population of 107,341 people (53,708 male and 53,633 female)[2] while the Metropolitan region had a population of 169,002 people (85,226 males and 83,787 females). The population for children aged 0-6 was 14,522. Effective literacy rate for people aged 7+ was 86.43 per cent.[4]

Religions in Jalpaiguri[2]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 88.16%
Islam
 
 9.64%
Christianity
 
 0.97%
Buddhism
 
 0.54%
Others
 
 1.20%
Distribution of religions. Others include Sikhs (0.47%) and Jains (0.22%)

Civic administration

Civic administration is the responsibility of the Jalpaiguri Municipality which is the sixth oldest in West Bengal after that of Kolkata, Howrah, Berhampore, Burdwan and Siuri.[22] Set up in 1885, it is headed by a chairman who is elected by the residents of the city. It has 25 wards that elect the ward councilors. The All India Trinamool Congress is in the power of this municipal body. The chairperson of the municipality is Papia Pal.[23]

Economy

Jalpaiguri has its own bank, the Jalpaiguri Central Co-operative Bank, whose head office is located at Temple Street of the city. Founded in 1919, it has more than 20 branches with ATMs spread across the District.[24]

Utility services

The municipality is responsible for providing basic services, such as potable water and sanitation. The water is supplied by the municipal authorities using its groundwater resources, and almost all the houses in the municipal area are connected through the system.[25]

Calcutta High Court Circuit Bench in Jalpaiguri

Transport

Rail

Jalpaiguri city region has four important railway stations:-

  1. Jalpaiguri Town is the oldest station in the area.
  2. Jalpaiguri Road was opened in 1944 and is the primarily crucial railway station of the city.
  3. Mohitnagar lies at Mohitnagar in the Haldibari-New Jalpaiguri line.
  4. Raninagar Jalpaiguri Junction is situated at the further western part of the city. The railway station serves Jalpaiguri, Raninagar and other nearby places.

Road
Goshala More, Highway connector of Jalpaiguri

The Asian Highway 2 and the National Highway 31D [NH 27 (New Numbering)] passes just through the city connecting it right with the rest of the country.

The Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Central Bus Terminus situated next to the North Bengal State Transport Corporation (NBSTC) Bus Terminal is a major stop for most private and state-owned buses in the region. The Royal Government of Bhutan also operates buses from Jalpaiguri to its border town Jaigaon/ Phuentsholing, Bhutan. Air-conditioned sleeper coach bus service is also available from Jalpaiguri to Kolkata (Banglashree Express).[26] There are several bus stands[27] in Jalpaiguri:-

  • NBSTC Depot: Government buses are available from here.
  • Kadamtala Bus Terminus: Private buses to Siliguri and Islampur are available from here.
  • Super Bus Stand near the Jalpaiguri railway station – Super (or non-stop) bus services to Siliguri are available from here.
  • Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Private Bus Terminus: Buses to the Dooars region, i.e., Malbazar, Birpara, are available from here.
  • Bowbazaar Bus Stand: Bus services to Haldibari are available from here.

Education
Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College (JGEC) campus

Jalpaiguri's schools are run by the state government or private organisations, many of which are religious. Bengali and English are the primary languages of instruction; Nepali and Hindi are also used.[28][29] Schools in Jalpaiguri follow the "10+2+3" plan. After completing their secondary education, students typically enroll in schools that have a higher secondary facility and are affiliated with the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education, the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), or the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).[28] They usually choose a focus on liberal arts, business, or science. Vocational programs are also available.[28] In 2012, the Government proposed a medical college for the suburb of Paharpur.[30]

Colleges include the Ananda Chandra College, Ananda Chandra College of Commerce, P.D. Women's College, St. Xavier's College, all of which are affiliated with the University of North Bengal. Also, since 2011, the second campus of the university with the same name provides with master's degrees in arts, sciences, and commerce.[31] Jalpaiguri Polytechnic Institute, is a Government Diploma level institute with 3 yrs.(10+) Civil, Electrical, Mechanical & Automobile Engineering and 2 yrs.(12+) The Institute of Pharmacy, Jalpaiguri is the pharmacy college which offers pharmacy courses under West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Kolkata. There is also an industrial training institute in the city.[32][33] Jalpaiguri Law College is the city's law college.

Jalpaiguri Government Medical College and Hospital, established in 2022, is a full-fledged tertiary referral Government Medical college. It is located at Jalpaiguri town of West Bengal. The college imparts the degree of Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS). The hospital associated with the college is one of the largest hospitals in the Jalpaiguri district. The yearly undergraduate student intake is 100 from the year 2022.

The Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College is an autonomous institution of the Government of West Bengal, one of premier technical institutes is present in Jalpaiguri, best known for scientists like Promode R. Bandyopadhyay. It is located near the National Highway 27 (West Bengal State Highway 12A) at Denguajhar, Jalpaiguri.[34] The institute is one of the oldest institutes of engineering in the state.

Notable people

See also

References
  1. "History of Municipality". jalpaigurimunicipality.org. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  2. "Jalpaiguri Metropolitan Region". Jalpaiguri City Census 2011 data. Census 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  3. "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Census India. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  4. "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. censusindia.gov. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  5. "Fact and Figures". Wb.gov.in. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  6. "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). Nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. p. 85. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  7. "Jalpaiguri: সিলিংয়ের দিকে তাকাতেই শরীরে হিমস্রোত জলপাইগুড়ির বিডিও কর্মীর! শুয়ে বিরাট এক ……". The Bengali Chronicle (in Bengali). 5 July 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  8. "Official Website of Jalpaiguri". jalpaiguri.gov.in. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  9. "Official Website of Jalpaiguri". jalpaiguri.gov.in. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  10. "Sports Village for Jalpaiguri". aitcofficial.org. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) on 22 March 2021
  11. "Biswa Bangla Krirangan in Jalpaiguri". m.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  12. Raha, Manis Kumar (1989). Matriliny to Patriliny: A Study of the Rabha Society. Gian Publishing House. p. 22.
  13. "রেকর্ড ছাড়াল দুই শহরের তাপমাত্রা". Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  14. "উত্তরবঙ্গ জুড়ে তীব্র তাপদাহ". Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  15. "বাংলায় শৈত্য, ৩.৮ ডিগ্রিতে জলপাইগুড়ি". Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  16. "আজ মরশুমের শীতলতম দিন! রাজ্যে জারি শৈত্যপ্রবাহের সতর্কতা, মৃত এক শিশু". Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  17. "Coldest day in Kolkata in 16 years". The Hindu. 12 June 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  18. "February Weather History of Jalpaiguri (42399)". Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  19. "Station: Jalpaiguri, Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  20. "Station: Jalpaiguri, Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 351–352. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  21. "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M236. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  22. "Suri Municipality".
  23. "Press Note, Delimitation Commission" (PDF). Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal. Delimitation Commission. pp. 4, 23. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
  24. "The Jalpaiguri Central Cooperative Bank". jalpaiguriccb.com. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  25. Guha, Kamal (11 June 2019). "গরমে শহরবাসীকে বাড়তি পানীয় জল সরবরাহ জলপাইগুড়ি পুরসভার". One India (in Bengali). Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  26. "Ac Volvo bus will ply in 20 new routes | Kolkata - News18 Bangla, Today's Latest Bengali News". bengali.news18.com (in Bengali). 18 July 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  27. "Bus Services in Jalpaiguri, Jalpaiguri Bus Services". jalpaigurionline.in. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  28. "Annual Report 2007–2008". Department of School Education, Government of West Bengal. p. 69. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  29. "List of most reputed schools in West Bengal". West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  30. Ganguly, Arnab (12 July 2012). "Medical college for Indian cities". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  31. EOI, Correspondence. "NBDD minister inaugurates multiple projects". Archived from the original on 14 January 2015.
  32. "Private education Bill passed amidst Opposition walkout". The Statesman. 6 July 2012. Archived from the original on 20 December 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  33. "Bill passed to set up private varsity". Asian Age. 7 July 2012. Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  34. "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  35. "Could never afford nutritious food required by athlete, Asian gold-medallist Swapna Barman's father". The Indian Express. 11 July 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
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