Baranya County

Baranya (Hungarian: Baranya vármegye, pronounced [ˈbɒrɒɲɒ ˈvaːrmɛɟɛ]; German: Branau; Croatian: Baranjska županija) is a county (vármegye) in southern Hungary. It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region and the historical Baranya region, which was a county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary dating back to the 11th century. Its current status as one of the 19 counties of Hungary was established in 1950 as part of wider Soviet administrative territorial reform following World War II. It is bordered by Somogy County to the northwest, Tolna County to the north, Bács-Kiskun County and the Danube to the east, and the border with Croatia (part of which is formed by the Drava River) to the south.

For the historical county, see Baranya (former county).
Baranya County
Baranya vármegye
County
Hills in Baranya county, near Mecseknádasd
Vineyards of Kistótfalus
Szechenyi Square, Pécs
Descending, from top: Hills near Mecseknádasd, Vineyards of Kistótfalu, and Downtown of Pécs
Flag of Baranya County
Flag
Coat of arms of Baranya County
Coat of arms
Baranya County within Hungary
Baranya County within Hungary
Coordinates: 46°04′06″N 18°12′19″E
Country Hungary
RegionSouthern Transdanubia
County seatPécs
Districts
10 districts
Government
 • TypeCounty Council
 • BodyBaranya County Council
 • President of the County CouncilCsaba Nagy (Fidesz-KDNP)
Area
[1]
 • Total4,429.6 km2 (1,710.3 sq mi)
 • Rank10th in Hungary
Population
 (1 Jan 2019)[1]
 • Total360,704
 • Rank10th in Hungary
 • Density81/km2 (210/sq mi)
Postal code
73xx, 75xx – 79xx
Area code(s)(+36) 69, 72, 73
ISO 3166 codeHU-BA
Websitewww.baranya.hu

As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 386,441 residents. Of the 19 counties of Hungary (excluding Budapest), it is ranked 10th by both geographic area and population. Its county seat and largest city is Pécs.[2]

Etymology

In German, it is known as Komitat Branau, and in Croatian as Baranjska županija (Baranja).

The county was probably named after its first comes 'Brana' or 'Braina'.

Geography

This county has a total area of 4,430 km2 (1,710 sq mi) – 4.76% of Hungary, it is divided in Upper Baranya and Lower Baranya.

The northern part of the county is a mountain area with large forests, the Mecsek Mountains. The central areas are shared between the Baranya Hills and Villány Mountains. The very eastern and southern parts are flat.

The highest point in the county is Zengő in the Mecsek Mountains, at 682 metres. This is also the highest point of the mountain range.

Baranya is rich in mineral and thermal water, and also in other resources. 98% of Hungary's coal resources are found here.

Neighbours

Climate

The climate of Baranya is a mix of continental and temperate, which makes it unique in Hungary, as the rest of the country is primarily continental. Its milder climate is due to its southern location and relative proximity to the Mediterranean Sea in comparison to other parts of the country, leaving it with warmer winters. It has the highest average annual rainfall of the Hungarian counties and a high amount of sunshine hours.

Pécs, Hungary
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
39
 
 
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10
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3
−2
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [3]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.5
 
 
35
25
 
 
1.4
 
 
41
29
 
 
1.5
 
 
51
35
 
 
2.1
 
 
63
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81
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2.1
 
 
74
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1.5
 
 
63
45
 
 
2.4
 
 
49
37
 
 
2
 
 
38
29
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Köppen-Geiger climate classification map of Hungary (1km resolution) for data 1980-2016

History
Main article: Baranya County (former)

The area has been inhabited since ancient times. Before the Hungarian tribes conquered the area, it was inhabited by Slavs and Avars. Stephen I founded an episcopal seat here.

In 1526, the county was occupied by Ottomans and was freed in 1689. Its medieval borders remained unchanged until 1919. According to the peace treaty of Trianon, the southern part of the county (1,163 km2, 449 sq mi) reverted to Slavic rule (present-day Croatia). The re-organizing of the counties (1950) brought only minor changes (town of Szigetvár got there).

Baranya has the largest number of minorities in Hungary (more than twice the country average), providing home to 34% of the German minority the so-called Danube Swabians, and 32% of the Southern Slav minorities in Hungary.

The Stifolder or Stiffoller Shvove are a Roman Catholic subgroup of the so-called Danube Swabians. Their ancestors once came ca. 1717 - 1804 from the Hochstift Fulda and surroundings, (Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda), and settled in the Baranya.[4] They retained their own German dialect and culture, until the end of WW2. After WW2, the majority of Danube Swabians were expelled to allied-occupied Germany and allied-occupied Austria as a result of the Potsdam Agreement.[5]

Only a few people can speak the old Stiffolerisch Schvovish dialect. Also a salami is named after these people.[6]

[7] Electoral History

2018 General Elections
  Party Votes  % Seats Change
  Fidesz-KDNP (joint) 45,950 35.62% 3 -1
  Independent 21,998 17.05% 1 +1
  Jobbik 19,772 15.33% 0 -
  Democratic Coalition 15,422 11.95% 0 -
  MSZP-Párbeszéd (joint) 13,605 10.55% 0 -
  Politics Can Be Different 6,566 5.1% 0 -
  Momentum 2,433 1.89% 0 -
  Total 129,014 100 4 -

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1870265,069—    
1880273,615+3.2%
1890299,901+9.6%
1900313,174+4.4%
1910328,902+5.0%
1920313,469−4.7%
1930337,698+7.7%
1941353,426+4.7%
1949356,533+0.9%
1960395,342+10.9%
1970421,765+6.7%
1980432,617+2.6%
1990417,400−3.5%
2001407,448−2.4%
2011386,441−5.2%
2019[1]360,704−6.7%
Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office[2]
See also: Demographics of Hungary

In 2015, it had a population of 371,110 and the population density was 84/km2.

2011 census

As of the census of 2011, there were 386,441 residents, 160,040 households, and 105,646 families living in the county. The population density was 226 inhabitants per square mile (87/km2). There were 167,453 housing units at an average density of 98 per square mile (38/km2).

There were 160,040 households, of which 63.2% were one-family households, 1.4% were multi-family households, 32.1% were one-person households, and 3.4% were other non-family households. Elderly individuals living alone were 15.9% of all households. The average household size was 2.34.

There were 105,646 families, of which 44.1% were married couples or consensual unions living together with children, 36.4% were couples without children, 16.7% were single females with children, and 2.8% were single males with children. The average family size was 2.82.

The age breakdown of the county was 20.1% under the age of 20, 7.0% between ages 20 and 24, 27.4% aged 25 to 44, 28.3% aged 45 to 64, and 17.2% aged 65 or older. The gender makeup of the county was 47.2% male and 52.8% female.

Religious adherence in the county was 46.8% Roman Catholic, 6.4% Reformed (Calvinist), 1.2% Evangelical (Lutheran), 0.3% Greek Catholic, 0.1% Orthodox, and 1.5% other religions. The non-religious were 16.2% and atheists were 1.5%, with 26.0% declining to answer.[8]

2001 census

As of the census of 2001, there were 407,448 residents, 151,956 households, and 115,946 families living in the county. The population density was 238 inhabitants per square mile (92/km2). There were 156,632 housing units at an average density of 92 per square mile (35/km2).

There were 151,956 households, of which 68.5% were one-family households, 3.8% were multi-family households, 24.9% were one-person households, and 2.7% were other non-family households. Elderly individuals living alone were 13.1% of all households. The average household size was 2.60.

There were 115,946 families, of which 48.7% were married couples or consensual unions living together with children, 35.4% were couples without children, 13.7% were single females with children, and 2.1% were single males with children. The average family size was 2.87.

The age breakdown of the county was 23.0% under the age of 20, 8.1% between ages 20 and 24, 28.0% aged 25 to 44, 26.0% aged 45 to 64, and 14.9% aged 65 or older. The gender makeup of the county was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.

Religious adherence in the county was 64.2% Roman Catholic, 8.7% Reformed (Calvinist), 1.5% Evangelical (Lutheran), 0.5% Greek Catholic, 0.1% Orthodox, and 0.8% other religions. The non-religious were 13.4%, with 10.8% declining to answer.[9][8]

Ethnicity

Besides the Hungarian majority, the main minorities are the Germans (approx. 22,000), Roma (17,000), Croats (6,000), and Serbs (500).

Total population (2011 census): 386,441
Ethnic groups (2011 census):[10] Identified themselves: 364,801 persons:

Approx. 58,000 persons in Baranya County did not declare their ethnic group at the 2011 census.

Regional structure
Districts of Baranya County
No. English and
Hungarian names		 Area
(km2)		 Population
(2011)		 Density
(pop./km2)		 Seat No. of
municipalities
1 Bóly District
Bólyi járás		 220.03 11,956 54 Bóly 16
2 Hegyhát District
Hegyháti járás		 360.72 12,744 35 Sásd 25
3 Komló District
Komlói járás		 292.48 35,489 121 Komló 20
4 Mohács District
Mohácsi járás		 600.98 35,164 59 Mohács 26
5 Pécs District
Pécsi járás		 623.07 189,036 303 Pécs 40
6 Pécsvárad District
Pécsváradi járás		 246.44 11,931 48 Pécsvárad 17
7 Sellye District
Sellyei járás		 493.69 14,192 29 Sellye 38
8 Siklós District
Siklósi járás		 652.99 35,929 55 Siklós 53
9 Szentlőrinc District
Szentlőrinci járás		 282.43 14,998 53 Szentlőrinc 21
10 Szigetvár District
Szigetvári járás		 656.76 25,002 38 Szigetvár 45
Baranya County 4,429.59 386,446 87 Pécs 301

Politics
County Hall of Baranya.

County Assembly
Main article: Baranya County Council

The Baranya County Council, elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 18 counselors, with the following party composition:[11]

    Party Seats Current County Assembly
  Fidesz-KDNP 12                      
  Democratic Coalition (DK) 2                      
  Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik) 2                      
  Momentum 1                      
  Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) 1                      

President of the Assembly
President[12] Terminus
dr. Őri László (Fidesz-KDNP)2019–

Members of the National Assembly

The following members elected of the National Assembly during the 2022 parliamentary election:[13]

ConstituencyMemberParty
Baranya County 1st constituency Tamás Mellár Dialogue[lower-alpha 1]
Baranya County 2nd constituency Péter Hoppál Fidesz–KDNP
Baranya County 3rd constituency János Hargitai Fidesz–KDNP
Baranya County 4th constituency Csaba Nagy Fidesz–KDNP

Municipalities

[14][15]

Baranya County has 1 urban county, 13 towns, 3 large villages and 284 villages. There are 301 municipalities.

Hosszúhetény - Temple from above

Like Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Baranya is a county of extremes when it comes to regional structure. The county seat is one of the five largest cities (and three largest agglomerations) of Hungary, but more than 2/3 of the municipalities are small hamlets with a population under 500. Half of the county's population lives in the county seat or in its immediate vicinity, while 22% of the population lives in villages that have less than 1000 inhabitants.

Cities with county rights

(ordered by population, as of 2011 census)

  • Pécs (156,049) – county seat
Towns
Villages

municipalities are large villages.

Notes
  1. Mellár is a member of Dialogue. He ran as a joint candidate of the United for Hungary electoral alliance during the 2022 parliamentary election.

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baranya County.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Baranya County.
  1. "Gazetteer of Hungary, 1 January 2019" (PDF). Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  2. "Population Census 2011: National Data". Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  3. "PÉCS CLIMATE (HUNGARY)". climate-data.org. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  4. https://www.worldcat.org/title/ihr-herz-schlagt-im-suden-1-stifoller-kolonisten-in-der-tolnau-und-branauungarn-1717-1804-so-konnte-es-gewesen-sein/oclc/311888384
  5. "Das Hochstift Fulda".
  6. "The best salami in Hungary". 25 July 2018.
  7. "2018 - Nemzeti Választási Iroda".
  8. "Regional information - Baranya County". Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  9. "National and county data – Baranya county". Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 1 February 2001. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  10. 1.1.6. A népesség anyanyelv, nemzetiség és nemek szerint – Frissítve: 2013.04.17.; Hungarian Central Statistical Office (in Hungarian)
  11. "Listákra leadott érvényes szavazatok összesen (Baranya megye)" (in Hungarian). valasztas.hu. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
  12. Önkormányzati választások eredményei (in Hungarian)
  13. "Baranya megye parlamenti képviselői (Parlamenti Információs Rendszer 2022-)" (in Hungarian). Hungarian National Assembly.
  14. "Baranya (Hungary): County, Towns and Villages - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
  15. Jimenez, Suzanne Somodi. "BARANYA County - Megye - Varmegye - Placenames". www.hungarianvillagefinder.com. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
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