Barons in Scotland

In Scotland, a baron or baroness is the head of a feudal barony, also known as a prescriptive barony. This used to be attached to a particular piece of land on which was situated the caput (Latin for "head") or essence of the barony, normally a building, such as a castle or manor house. Accordingly, the owner of the piece of land containing the caput was called a baron or baroness. According to Grant, there were around 350 identifiable local baronies in Scotland by the early fifteenth century and these could mostly be mapped against local parish boundaries. The term baron was in general use from the thirteenth century to describe what would have been known in England as a knight of the shire.[1]

Ayton Castle, Scottish Borders, caput of the feudal barony of Ayton. Built in 1851 in the Scottish Baronial style by William Mitchell-Innes, then feudal baron of Ayton, to the design of James Gillespie Graham

The 1896 edition of Green's Encyclopaedia of the Law of Scotland noted that "the mere territorial baron has no title of dignity appropriated to him".[2] In the Encyclopaedia of the Laws of Scotland (1927), John Horne Stevenson stated that "a barony title did not itself confer any dignity upon the holder".[3] The Court of the Lord Lyon issued a ruling in April 2015 that may recognise a person possessing a barony and other feudal titles (lordship/earl/marquis) on petition. The Lord Lyon King of Arms now prefers the approach of recognizing the particular feudal dignity as expressed in the Crown Charter that the petitioner presents.[4] These titles are recognised as the status of a minor baron or baroness, but not a peer. Scottish feudal baronies may be passed to any person, of either sex, by inheritance or conveyance.[5]

Scotland has a distinct legal system within the United Kingdom. Historically, in the Kingdom of Scotland, the Lord Lyon King of Arms, as the Sovereign's minister in matters armorial, is at once herald and judge. The Scottish equivalent of an English baron is a Lord of Parliament.

History

A "Scottish Prescriptive Barony by Tenure" was, from 1660 until 2004, the feudal description of the only genuine degree of title of UK nobility capable of being bought and sold (along with the caput, or property), rather than passing strictly by blood inheritance.

Statutes of 1592 and the Baronetcy Warrants of King Charles I show the non-peerage Table of Precedence as: Baronets, Knights, Barons and Lairds, Esquire and Gentlemen.

A General Register of Sasines was set up by Statute in 1617, with entry in the Register giving the prescriptive right (right by normal or correct usage), after so many years, to the caput or essence of the barony. The individual who owned the said piece of land containing the caput was hence the baron or baroness. Uncertainty over armorial right was removed by the Lyon Register being set up by Statute in 1672, such that no arms were to be borne in Scotland unless validly entered in Lyon Register.

Up until 1874, each new baron was confirmed in his barony by the Crown by Charter of Confirmation. Up until 28 November 2004, a barony was an estate of land held directly of the Crown, or the Prince and Great Steward of Scotland. It was an essential element of a barony title that there existed a Crown Charter erecting the land into a barony, recorded in the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland. Often the original Charter was later lost, however an Official Extract has the same legal status as the original Charter.

From the Treaty of Union of 1707 - until 1999 - a unified Parliament of Great Britain (since January, 1801, known as the Parliament of the United Kingdom), at Westminster, was responsible for passing legislation affecting private law both north and south of the Scottish border. In 1999, the devolved Scottish Parliament was established, and private law measures can now be passed at Holyrood, the seat of the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh.

Using a "prescriptive feudal grant" allowed developers to impose perpetual conditions affecting the land. The courts became willing to accept the validity of such obligations, which became known as "real burdens". In practical and commercial terms, these real burdens were like English leasehold tenure.

Abolition of feudal tenure

The first Scottish Executive was committed to abolishing the feudal system. On 28 November 2004, the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 came into full force and effect, putting an end to Scotland's feudal system. Under Scots law, a Scottish Prescriptive Barony by Tenure is now "incorporeal feudal heritage", not attached to the land and remains the only genuine, prescriptive, degree of title of UK nobility capable of being bought and sold – since under Section 63(1) of the Act, the dignity of baron is preserved after the abolition of the feudal system.[6][7] However, the Abolition Act did end the ability to get feudal land privileges by inheriting or acquiring the caput (land or castle) in Scotland. In common law jurisdictions, land may still be owned and inherited through a barony if the land is titled in "the Baron of X" as baron rather than in the individual's name. In America, it passes with the barony as a fee simple appurtenance to an otherwise incorporeal hereditament, the barony being treated like a landowning corporation.[8] In Scotland, the practice has not been tested in a Court of Session case since the Act.

One of the oldest baronies in Scotland, the Barony of the Bachuil, has not depended on land ownership for centuries; the barony passes along with the possession of a certain ancient stick, "The Bachuil Mór", which was once the bishop's staff of Saint Moluag in the year 562. Unlike all other barons in Scotland, the lawful possessor of the stick is the Baron of the Bachuil, regardless of landholdings.[9]

On 28 November 2004 the Abolition of Feudal Tenure Act came into force in Scotland. Prior to the Act, Scottish feudal baronies (including lordships and earldoms) remained the only noble titles in the UK that were transferable following the sale of land containing a caput (i.e. feudal superiority). With the implementation of the Act, all Scottish titles of nobility became incorporeal heritable property meaning they existed but without any physical attributes (eg land ownership which is corporeal property).[10][11]

Most baronies were created (erected) prior to 1745, but one was erected as late as 1824. Since the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 came into effect, the Lord Lyon, who is the Chief Herald of Scotland, has restored a more traditional form to the coat of arms of a baron. Barons are now identified by the helm befitting their degree. A new policy statement has been made by the Lord Lyon to this effect.

The holder of the dignity of a barony may petition the Lord Lyon for a grant of arms, as he falls under the jurisdiction of the Lyon's Court. A policy statement has been made to this effect by the Lord Lyon.[4] The Lyon Court has no jurisdiction in relation to the assignation, or legal transfer of, feudal titles.

Usage

An English barony is a peerage (yet the abolition act of 1660 allows for some remaining non-peer baronies not converted by writ to remain as feudal baronies of free socage "incorporeal hereditament"(Article X of that Act)), but whether Scottish barons rightfully rank as peers is disputable.[12] They are known as minor barons currently treated as noble titles of less than peerage rank. The Scottish equivalent of an English baron is "Lord of Parliament".

The feudal baronial title tends to be used when a landed family is not in possession of any United Kingdom peerage title of higher rank, subsequently granted, or has been created a knight of the realm. The name recorded by the Lord Lyon as part of any grant of arms or matriculation becomes the holder's name for all official purposes.

The holder of a Scottish barony (e.g., "Inverglen") may add the title to their existing name (e.g., "John Smith, Baron of Inverglen" or "Jane Smith, Baroness of Inverglen") or add the territorial designation to their surname if still in possession of the caput ("John Smith of Inverglen, Baron of Inverglen" or "Jane Smith of Inverglen, Baroness of Inverglen"); some of the oldest Scottish families prefer to be styled by the territorial designation alone ("Smith of Inverglen").[13][14][15] Formal and in writing, they are styled as The Much Honoured Baron/Baroness of Inverglen. A baron/baroness may be addressed socially as "Inverglen" or "Baron/Baroness" and introduced in the third person as "John Smith of Inverglen, Baron of Inverglen" or "The Baron of Inverglen" or "Jane Smith, Baroness of Inverglen" or "The Baroness of Inverglen". When referred to informally in the third person it is incorrect to refer to them as "Baron/Baroness Inverglen" or "Lord/Lady Inverglen", as these would imply a peerage title (i.e. Lord of Parliament)[16]

In a heterosexual married couple, if the husband is the holder of the Barony, the wife receives a courtesy title. Therefore, they may be styled "The Baron and Baroness of Inverglen", "Inverglen and Madam Smith of Inverglen", "Inverglen and Lady of Inverglen", or "The Baron of Inverglen and Lady of Inverglen."[13] The oldest son of a feudal baron/baroness may be known by the territorial designation with the addition of "yr" (abbreviation for "younger"), e.g. "John Smith of Inverglen, yr". The eldest daughter may be known as "Maid of Inverglen" at the end of her name, e.g. "Sandra Smith, Maid of Inverglen".

The husband of a Baroness is not afforded a courtesy title.

The United Kingdom policy of using titles on passports requires that the applicant provides evidence that the Lord Lyon has recognised a feudal barony, or the title is included in Burke's Peerage. If accepted (and if the applicant wishes to include the title), the correct form is for the applicant to include the territorial designation as part of their surname (Surname of territorial designation e.g. Smith of Inverglen). The Observation[17] would then show the holder's full name, followed by their feudal title e.g. The holder is John Smith, Baron of Inverglen.[18]

Scottish heraldry

A Scottish baron's helmet

The former Lord Lyon declined to award the following baronial additaments to the arms of those feudal barons registering arms now that the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 is in force. However, the current Lord Lyon has confirmed in a recent policy statement that he will officially recognise feudal barons or those possessing the dignity of baron who meet certain conditions and will grant them arms with a helmet befitting their degree. Scottish Barons rank below Lords of Parliament; while noble, they are not conventionally considered peerage titles.

In showing that Scottish barons are titles of nobility, reference may be made, amongst others, to Lyon Court in the Petition of Maclean of Ardgour for a Birthbrieve by Interlocutor dated 26 February 1943 which "Finds and Declares that the Minor Barons of Scotland are, and have both in this Nobiliary Court, and in the Court of Session, been recognised as 'titled' nobility, and that the estait of the Baronage (The Barones Minores) is of the ancient Feudal Nobility of Scotland".

Sir Thomas Innes of Learney in his 'Scots Heraldry' (2nd Ed., p. 88, note 1) states that 'The Act 1672, cap 47, specially qualifies the degrees thus: Nobles (i.e. peers, the term being here used in a restricted seventeenth-century English sense), Barons (i.e. Lairds of baronial fiefs and their "heirs", who, even if fiefless, are equivalent to heads of Continental baronial houses) and Gentlemen (apparently all other armigers).' Baronets and knights are evidently classed as 'Gentlemen' here and are of a lower degree than Barons. The Scottish Head of Baronial Houses, includes all the various styles and titles which designate the territorial nobility i.e. baron of X.

Barons may also wear two eagle feathers when in traditional dress.[19][20] If the baron is a member of a clan, it is advisable to consult the clan chief on clan customs and traditions. The Lord Lyon only gives guidance and not governance on the wearing of feathers and recommends consulting with a clan chief.

Chapeau

An azure chapeau

Previously, between the 1930s and 2004, when new arms were granted or a matriculation of existing arms took note of a barony, the owner was given a chapeau or cap of maintenance as part of his armorial achievement on petitioning for the same. This chapeau is described as "gules doubled ermine" for barons in possession of the caput of the barony. An azure chapeau is appropriate for the heirs of ancient baronial families who are no longer owners of the estates. This chapeau was a relatively recent armorial invention of the late Lord Lyon Thomas Innes of Learney. Accordingly, a number of ancient arms of feudal barons do not display the chapeau, and now it is no longer granted.

At the Treaty of Perth in 1266, Norway relinquished its claim to the Hebrides and Man, and they became part of Scotland. In 1292, Argyll was created a shire and "The Barons of all Argyll and the Foreigners' Isles", which had preceded the kingdom of Scotland, became eligible to attend the "Scots" Parliament – appearing in the record of the parliament at St. Andrews in 1309. Historically they have a chapeau, "gules doubled ermines", ermines being white tails on black.

There is a unique exception: the Barony of the Bachuil is not of feudal origin like other baronies but is allodial in that it predates (562 A.D.) Scotland itself and the feudal system, dating from the Gaelic Kingdom of Dál Riata. In recognition as allodial Barons par la grâce de Dieu not barons by a feudal crown grant, the Baron of the Bachuil has the only chapeau allowed to have a vair (squirrel fur) lining.[9]

A chapeau, if part of an armorial achievement, is placed into the space directly above the shield and below the helmet. It may otherwise be used on a visiting card, the flap of an envelope, or to ensign the circlet of a crest badge as used on a bonnet.

Feudo-baronial mantle

The historical Scottish baron's mantle and chapeau from the 1930s to 2004, which are no longer granted

Particularly Scottish in character is the feudo-baronial mantle or robe of estate - described as gules doubled silk argent, fur-edged of miniver and collared in ermine, fastened on the right shoulder by five spherical buttons Or. This may be displayed in a pavilioned form, draped behind the complete achievement of arms - or the armorial shield alone - tied open with cords and tassels, and surmounted by the chapeau. Again, Lord Lyon is no longer granting these heraldic mantles.

Helmet

The helmet is now the chief mode of recognition of a Scottish baron. The Lord Lyon has adopted a steel helm with grille of three grilles, garnished in gold, as the current baronial additament. Alternatively, a feudal steel tilting helm garnished in gold, that may be shown affronté, may appear, or a helmet of some other degree if the baron holds a higher rank, such as a lordship of parliament.

Supporters

Supporters, are now usually reserved for the holders of the older baronies (chartered before 1587) and those that have been in continuous family ownership. In England, supporters are reserved for the peerage, and a Scottish baron who approaches the English College of Arms is not allowed supporters. A compartment has occasionally been granted to barons, representing their territories, even in cases where there are no supporters.

Badge

A badge – distinct from the crest – as a separate armorial device, is not necessarily a feature of the arms. The badge may be used by the "tail" or following of a landowner baron. The grant is linked to the baron's standard, a heraldic flag, in the livery colours that carries a large representation of the badge. The standard is blazoned in the grant or matriculation. The livery colours are usually the two most prominent colours of the arms themselves.

Flags

A Standard – an elongated shape, tapering from 1.2 m down to 60 cm, with the fly edge split and rounded (lanceolate). The length is according to rank, from 7.5 m for the Sovereign down to 3.5 m for a Knight, Baron or Chief. It bears the Arms as on the shield or the saltire in the hoist, with the tail parted per fess with the Crest, Badge and/or Supporter, plus the motto on one or more Ribands. The Standard is set before the Baron/Chief's tent (as it's a "Headquarters" flag and does not indicate that the Armiger is in residence) rather than carried like the banner. A Standard requires a separate grant by the Lord Lyon and is only made under certain conditions.

A Guidon – one-third shorter than a Standard and tapering to a round, unsplit end at the fly. These are assigned by Lord Lyon to individuals who have Supporters to their Arms, and to others who have a following – those in a position of leadership or some official position.

A Pennon – a smaller, elongated flag 120 cm long with a pointed, rounded or swallow-tailed end, designed to be displayed on a lance, assigned by Lord Lyon to an Armiger who applies for one. It is charged with the motto of the armiger as well as the arms as on the shield.

A Banner – a square or rectangular upright representation of the Arms designed for carrying in warfare or tournaments, but now flown as a "house flag" when the Armiger is in residence and is NOT the flag of the Clan or Family. Originally, conspicuous gallantry in battle was marked by cutting off the tail of the Standard or Pennon, turning it into a Banner. Strictly speaking, the sizes and shapes are:

Square banner – Sovereign, 1.5 m square; Dukes; 1.25 m sq; Earls, 1.1 m sq; Viscounts and Barons, 1 m sq; Baronets and feudal barons, 0.9 m sq; other Armigers, 70 cm wide x 85 cm high

Rectangular banner – typically in the ratio 3:2, or 5:4 when flown as the "house flag" of an Armiger.

Carrying flag – this should be sized as follows (width x height): Peers, 1.2 m x 1.5 m; Feudal Barons, 90 cm x 115 cm; Chiefs, 85 cm x 110 cm; Chieftains, 80 cm x 90 cm.

A Ensign may be occasionally granted and blazoned. This is a square flag, smaller than the flying banner, and carrying the full embroidered achievement (arms, crest, motto), again fringed in livery colours.

A Pipe banner – rather similar to a Banner, but of a size to fit on the longest drone of the pipes (usually 45 cm) and richly decorated with gold fringing, tassles and the like. The pipe banner for a Chief who is also a Peer or a Feudal Baron should have a rounded end extending beyond the length, and any other Chief a split rounded end. A feudal baron is authorised two pipers.

List of feudal baronies (created before 1707)

Below is a list of some Scottish feudal baronies created before 1707; this list does not include Scottish feudal baronies created between that year and 1838 (BGH), when the most recent creation of a Scottish feudal barony occurred. It is generally accepted that there were around 350 baronies in Scotland before 1707.[1]

When updating this list, please create for each new entry a separate, wikified article titled "Scottish feudal barony of X", which records a brief biography of the previous incumbent and is wikilinked to this list. Please do not simply delete the name of the previous incumbent. Individual articles should be produced for the history of each barony, except that where few or no verifiable and detailed sources exist, histories should start with the current or previous holder and may take the form of sections within existing articles on the caput's village, town, or castle.
BaronyCountyCreatedBaronSucceeded
AbbotshallFifeHarold Peerenboom
AbergeldieAberdeenshire1428John Gordon1963
AbernethyPerthshireMahfouz Marei Mubarak bin Mahfouz2008
AboyneAberdeenshire1660Granville, 13th Marquess of Huntly
AdenAberdeenshire1333Alexander Russell of Aden2015
AiketAyrshire
AlfordKerry Alfred Hamer
AlforshireCharles A. Cogdill
Anstruther & BalcaskieSir Ralph Anstruther
ArbroathAngusAlan Bartlett of Arbroath1994
Ardblair & GaskPerthshireLaurence Oliphant1979
ArdgourArgyllshireGiancarlo Bonifazi1998
ArdgowanRenfrewshireProfessor Stephen Kerr
ArdrossanAyrshire1357Hugh, 19th Earl of Eglinton, 7th Earl of Winton2018
Ardgrain[21]AberdeenshirePepijn Oscar Hendriks2013
ArdochDumbartonProfessor Thomas Mackay1987
ArndillyMorayshireDavid Menzies of Arndilly
ArnisdaleRoss and CromartyWilliam Paterson of Arnisdale
ArnotFife1507Willem C. G. Blanken2016
ArranAyrshireSusan Livingston2021
AuchendarrochArgyllshireKeir Campbell of Auchendarroch
AuchindoirAberdeenshireAlisdair Barlas of Auchindoir
AuchinleckAyrshireValentine Bennett of Auchinleck
AuchmacoyAberdeenshireDavid Buchan of Auchmacoy
AuchtermunzieFife1437Fernando Gutierrez-Eddy of Auchtermunzie2002
AuchterutherstrutherFifeAbigail Busch Reisinger[22]2004
AuchinreochPerthshireAndrew Bell2022
AytonBerwickshireRichard Syred[23]2011
BadenscothAberdeen1823Kevin Peng Xu2019
BalcaskieFifeMajor Timothy Strange
BaldoonWigtownshireChristopher Busch Reisinger
BalfluigAberdeenshireMark Tennant of Balfluig
BallencrieffEast LothianMoray James Nairn2011
BallencrieffWest LothianJunaid Abbas Bhatti
BallindallochBanffshireClare Russell, Lady of Ballindalloch
BallumbieAngusRobert Williamson of Ballumbie1997
BalmachreuchiePerthshire14th centuryDr Timothy Spaulding2011
BalmainAngus147522nd Earl of Rothes2005
Balmore (also known as Dalmore)Dunbartonshire1478Leo Adriano Silighini2015
BalquhainAberdeenshireNelson Lee Len Ying1995
BalquidderStirlingshireSusan Livingston
BalvairdPerthshire1624Brady Brim-DeForest[24]2017
BalvenieBanffshireJeremy Nicholson of Balvenie2009
BanchoryKincardineshireKenneth Lumsden of Banchory
BannockburnStirlingshireEarly 14th centuryHope Vere Anderson of Bannockburn2016
BarnbarrochJames Vans of Barnbarroch
Barnis ForbesAberdeenshireDaphne Romy, Lady of Barnis Forbes
BarntonEdinburghProfessor Markus Frank2016
BarraInvernessshireRoderick MacNeil of Barra2010
BathgateWest LothianPaul Clarke2023
BearcroftsStirling1697Charles A. Cree2011
Beauly
BeltonEast LothianBefore 1468Ian Graham Rennie2002
BedruleBerwickshireWallace Turnbull of Bedrule2015
BiggarLanarkshireCharles Ross of Biggar
BenholmKincardineRoderick Strachan of Benholm
BlackburnProfessor Ranjit Chandra
BlackfordPerthshireRichard Welkowitz1999
BlackhallRenfrewshire1395Robert Gillespie OBE2002
BlairAlfred Glenn of Blair1997
BlairbuisTimothy Busch Reisinger
Bognie, Mountblairy & FrendraughtBanffshireAlexander Morison of Bognie
BombieKirkcudbrightshireProfessor Barrie Pettman
Botile (Buittle)Kirkcudbrightshire1315James de Balliol-Cavendish of Buittle2020
BraemarRoyal Deeside10th centuryJohn Sullivan of Braemar2004
BrechinForfarshire
BrigtonAngus1761Marion Douglas, Lady of Brigton1938
Buchan ForestKirkcudbrightshireTimothy Busch Reisinger
Buncle and PrestonBerwickshireOlivier Fuchs
Buquhollie & FreswickCaithnessIvor John Spencer-Thomas of Buquhollie & Freswick
BusbyeWigtownshireEarly 16th century
ByresEast Lothian1366Paul Kayley of Byres, Baron of Byres2003
CalderWest Lothian14th centuryJames, 15th Lord Torphichen1975
CambusnethanLanarkshire1315Terence Alvis of Lee1988
CarmichaelLanarkshireRichard Carmichael
CarnoustieAngusJames Langan of Carnoustie
Carnysmul Carnysmule Carnymul Carnesmole Carnysmolle (Kirkinner)Wigtownshire1372
CarstairsLanarkshireChristopher Busch Reisinger
CartsburnRenfrewshire1669Dr. Pier Felice degli Uberti2010
CastlehillInverness1411Simon Frasier, Lord Lovat2018
Castle Stewart1638Charles Edward Stewart of Calcruchie2020
Cavers, ScotlandRoxburgh16th centuryProf. Andre Douglas Nathaniel-Rock2004
ChirnsideBerwickshire
ClackmannanClackmannanshire1334
ClaryHope Reisinger Cobera
CleghornLanarkshireAndrew Macmillan of Cleghorn
ClerkingtonHaddington1369–1406[25]George Everly
CloseburnDumfriesshireLuis Kirkpatrick
Clugstoun ClugistounWigtownshireBefore 1471
ClunyAberdeenshireCosmo Linzee Gordon of Cluny2010
ClunyFifeStuart Crane of Cluny1997
CockburnBerwickshire14th centuryOlivier Fuchs2008
CockenzieRobert Garrison of Cockenzie
Coigach[26]Wester Ross1511Christopher Devonshire-Ellis2011
Coldingham[27]BerwickshireDr Peter Leando2012
Coldingknows (see Cowdenknowes)Roxburgh1634Mark Harden of Coldingknows
Coll-Earn & ElphinstoneStirlingshireBailey McCune1988
ColstounEast LothianLudovic Broun-Lindsay
CorrachreeAberdeenshireAlexander Barlas of Corrachree
CorsewallTimothy Busch Reisinger
Cowdenknowes Roxburgh1634Mark Harden of Cowdenknowes2002
CowieAberdeenshire
CowieStirlingshire12th centuryProfessor Alan Dennis2020
CoxtonMorayshire1618
Craichlaw Crachlew Crauchlew Crachlow Craichlew CraichloWigtownshireBefore 1459
CraighallFifeRoger Alexander Lindsay
CraigieAngus (Forfar)1666Rabbi Robert Thomas2011
CraigievarAberdeenshireSir John Alexander Forbes
CraigmillarEdinburgh1511Captain Brian Lawrence Williamson
CranshawsBordersMr Paul Anderson2016
CraufurdlandAyrshireC12thSimon Houison Craufurd,29th Laird
CrawfordFife
CrichtonMidlothianHenry Burn-Callander
CrimondAberdeenshireRaymond Carnegie of Crimond
CromarAberdeenshire
CromartyCromartyshireJohn Nightingale of Cromarty
CrommeyBanffshireMichael Innes1978
Cruggleton CrigitounWigtownshireBefore 1325
CulbinMorayshireWilliam Busch Reisinger
CulcreuchStirlingshireBefore 1472Hercules William Michael Bullough2023
CumbernauldLanarkshire1314Roland Zettel
CushnieAberdeenshireAlan Robertson of Cushnie2004
DairsieFifeChristopher Ruffle of Dairsie
DalzielLanarkshire
Danira and Comrie
DelvinePerthshire15th centuryDr Lars J C Lindberg2008
DenboigFife1657Kenneth MacLean of Denboig
DennyStirlingshire16th centuryAlessandro Pompili2011
DinnetAberdeenshireJ. M. Marcus Humphrey
DirletonEast Lothian1220Camilo Agasim-Pereira of Fulwood & Dirleton2000
DolphinstounEast LothianBefore 1700Dr Julian Wills2000
DrumKincardineshire1323Alexander Irvine of Drum[28][29]2019
DrylawEdinburghThe Rt Hon Sir Douglas Middleton, KBE2022
Duart & MorvernArgyll1631Sir Lachlan MacLean1990
DudhopeAngus1542
DunAngus1382National Trust for Scotland1980
DunconnelArgyll1400Sir Charles MacLean
DuncrubPerthshireDouglas Smith of Duncrub
DunureAyrshireBrendan Clouston of Dunure1997
EarlshallFifeLt Col Paul Veenhuijzen
EchlinEdinburghRainer Kensy2002
EdingightBanffshireJohn Innes of Edingight
Elie & St MonansFifeMans Nicklas Lidgren2019
EntwistleLshire1212Andrew Sharples2021
EsslemontAberdeenshireCharles Wolrige-Gordon1976
EyemouthBerwickshireJohn Churchill of Eyemouth1682
Fairholm & KirktonLanarkshireJames Stevenson-Hamilton
FetternearAberdeenshireMartin Thacker of Fetternear2001
FingaltonRenfrewshire1663James Hawley of Fingalton2017
Finlaystone MaxwellRenfrewshireNicholas Frederic Papanicolaou
FinzeanKincardineshireDonald Farquharson of Finzean
FithieForfarshire
FordellFife1511
FreuchWigtownshire1559
FulwoodRenfrewshire1314Camilo Agasim-Pereira of Fulwood & Dirleton1999
GalaSelkirkshireJohn Scott of Gala
GariochAberdeenshire12th centuryGeorge David Menking2012
GarliesKirkcudbrightshire1263Timothy Busch Reisinger
GarrallanAyrshireJohn Boswell of Garrallan
GarthlandWigtownshireBefore 1637
GartlyAberdeenshireDavid James of Gartley
GartmoreStirlingWilliam Graham of Gartmore1996
GiffenAyrshire1371Ryan Montgomery1987
GlassertonWigtownshire1542
GlencammonTimothy Busch Reisinger
GlencoeArgyllForde
Glendowachy
(Glenquithle)
Aberdeenshire
GlenfaierAberdeenshireNeil Ian Youngs2022
GlengarnockAyrshireRobert MacGregor of Glengarnock
GlenluceWigtownshireBefore 1628
GogarMidlothianGodfrey Devlin of Gogar
GourdiePerthshireGeorge Cox of Gourdie
GourockRenfrewshireClaire Darroch-Thompson, Lady of Gourock2011
Gordon Easter or GordounBerwickshire1150Morange Michel
GrandhomeAberdeenshireDavid Paton of Grandholme
GrantullyPerthshireHenry Fothringham
Greenlaw Berwickshire 1451 Andrew Walter Hepburne-Scott, 11th Lord Polwarth 2005
GreenanAyrshireHope Reisinger Cobera
GreenockRenfrewshireHarry Sandberg of Greenock[30]
Greenock and BlackhallRenfrewshireSir Ludovic Houston Shaw Stewart, 12th Baronet [NB not Baron of G and B]
GrougarAyrshire1321David McLean of Grougar
HailesEast Lothian1343S.A. Malin of Hailes[31]2008
Haliburton and LambdenBerwickshire2023
HallruleRoxburghshireOlivier Fuchs
HallyardsEdinburgh
HalydeanRoxburghshire1128Taylor Moffitt of Halydean2006
HartsydeLanarckshire1345Jea-Guy Philip Boisserolles de Saint-Julien
HolmainsDumfriesshire1542
HorsbrughPeeblesshireMichael Chenery of Horsbrugh1995
HoustonRenfrewshireBefore 1296Johnny Sei Hoe Hon2016
InchdrewerBanffshireOlga Roh2014
IncheWigtownshireBefore 1528
Innermessan or InvermessanWigtownshireBefore 1566
InnerwickEast LothianBefore 1600Brooke Owen Thomas of Innerwick
InneryneArgyllshireRonald Busch Reisinger1998
InnesMorayshireJames Mitchell of Innes2004
Jedburgh ForestRoxburghshire1602Richard Miller of Jedburgh Forest2010
KellieFife1619James Thorne Erskine, 14th Earl of Mar and 16th Earl of Kellie, Baron Erskine of Alloa Tower1993
KellyAberdeenshireBruce Kneller, Baron of Kelly2004
KemnayAberdeenshireSusan Burnett, Lady of Kemnay1978
Kersland
Kilbernie
KilbrideLanarkshire
KilcoyRoss-shire16th centuryMark David Menking2012
KilmarnockAyrshire1316David Ayre
KilmichaelArgyll1541Brooke Owen-Thomas of Kilmichael
KilmunArgyllBrooke Owen-Thomas of Kilmun
Kilmaurs
KilpuntWest LothianMorag Pauline Cadzow
KilravockMorayshire1293David Rose, 26th Baron, Chief of Clan Rose
KinblathmondForfarshire
KincaidHeather Kincaid, Lady of Kincaid
KincraigFifeJames Gourlay of Kincraig
Kinedar
(King Edward)
Aberdeenshire
Kinghilt Kinhilt Kenhilt KilhiltWigtownshireBefore 1632
KinnaberForfarshire
KinnairdyBanffshireColin Innes of Kinnairdy1990
KinnearMichael Pilette of Kinnear
KinnellForfarshire
KippenrossStirlingshireSusan Stirling-Aird, Lady of Kippenross
KirkbuddoForfarshire1463Jean-Yves de Sainte-Croix de La Sabliere2011
KirkdaleWigtownshireRamsey Hannay of Kirkdale
KirkgunzeonKirkcudbrightshire
KirkintillochEast Dunbartonshire1184
KirklistonWest Lothian1618Andor László Oleg Vilmos v. Jaross2002
KirriemuirAngus1390Gerhard Anderson2014
KirknewtonMidlothianDiana Hargreaves, Lady of Kirknewton1992
KrawfortLanarkshire1576
LagDumfriesshire1685Margaret Hamilton, Lady of Lag2004
Lambden (also known as Hassington)BerwickshireCol (Rt'd) Lance Miller2016
Lamberton, BerwickBerwickshireBefore 1236[32]
LargoFifeTimothy Wood of Largo2011
LathallanFifeJean Spens of Lathallan1995
LeeLanarkshire1272Addison McElroy Fischer2004
LenzieEast Dunbartonshire1170
LescureRoss McPherson-Smith
LeslieAberdeenshireJohn Andrea2019
LesmahagowLanarkshire
Leswalt (now Lochnaw)WigtownshireBefore 1426Dr Gordon Prestoungrange2004
LethendyPerthshireCharles Gairdner of Lethendy
LethingtonEast LothianBefore 1166
LeysAberdeenshireJames Burnett of Leys
Liberton (or Over Liberton)MidlothianOlivier Fuchs2009
Little PertForfarshire
LochfergusAlbert Gazeley of Lochfergus
The Superiority of the Lands of LochlandsAberdeenshire
Loch MullionPerthshireBefore 1700William Anderson of Loch Mullion2000
Lochnaw (see Leswalt)Wigtownshire1699Dr Gordon Prestoungrange2004
LochrounellWigtownshireBefore 1630
LoganyKincardineshireBefore 1576Hunter Prater2000
Logie/LexynForfarshire
LogiealmondPerthshireSheila May Flavell CBE2019
LoncastellWigtownshireBefore 1551
LoudounAyrshireRonald Glen Schneller2017
LourForfarshire1654Bartholomew Smith2010
LundieAngus1489Craig Ward2017
MarchmontBerwickshireRoland Eugen Staehli1996
MacDonaldSkyeGodfrey Bosville-Macdonald
MacDougallArglye1660George Dougall of MacDougall2006
MacDuffFife1039Eric Cotton Dexter of MacDuff2021
Martyn-Kennedy alias FrethridWigtownshireBefore 1541
MearnsRenfrewshire12th centuryDavid Thorpe of Mearns2002
MelfortArgyll1360sHugh Campbell-Gibson
MelgundForfarshire
MenieAberdeenshire1317Michael Woodley of Menie1995
MertounWigtownshire1504
MidmarAberdeenshireRichard Wharton of Midmar
Miltonhaven (formerly Lauriston)Kincardineshire1695Dorothy Newlands of Lauriston2017
MochrumWigtownshireBefore 1472
MontgomeriestounWigtownshireBefore 16361987
MordingtonBerwickshire1124–53Graham Senior-Milne1998
MouswaldDumfriesshire1452
MoyArgyllLorne MacLaine of Moy
MugdockStirlingshire1458Luciano Francesco Silighini Garagnani Lambertini2022
MuirtonMorayshire1532Dr Richard Culbert2019
MullionPerthshire1446Faith Seale QC2019
MurethWigtownshireBefore 1514
MyrtonWigtownshireBefore 1470Professor Mark Watson-Gandy
NewtonStirlingshire1685Philip Pickering of Newton
Ochtercoull
Old MontroseForfarshire
OrmistonEast Lothian1637Brian Parsons of Ormiston2003
Over CowalArgyllGodfrey Devlin of Gogar
PanbrideForfarshire
PanmureForfarshire
ParkAberdeenshire1563
Peaston (or Paistoun)East LothianRobert Jackson of Paistoun2003
PenicuikMidlothianSir John Dutton Clerk
PentlandMidlothian1316Lt Cmdr Christopher Saint Victor de Pinho2018
PhantelaneArgyll1436Capt. David N. B. McCorquodale2010
PitcapleAberdeenshireChristopher Burges-Lumsden
PitcruivieFifeDouglas Wagland of Pitcruivie1996
PitmillyFifePeter Gybbon-Monypenny1987
PittenweemFife1592[33]Claes Zangenberg[34]2011
PleanStirlingshireGeorge Way1985
PlenderleithRoxburghshire1306Clifford Dewey Michael Paul Harmon II2007
Pluscarden
Porterfield
PortlethenKincardineshireMaurice Taylor of Portlethen
PortrieWigtownshireBefore 1636
Preston and PrestonpansEast Lothian1460Robert McLean of Preston & Prestonpans
PrestoungrangeEast Lothian1189Mathew Wills of Prestoungrange2004
Primside and House SiteRoxburghshire
Quhithorne or WhithornWigtownshireBefore 1569
RachaneArgyllshireMichael Aquino
RamsheadAyrshire1371Ryan Montgomery1987
RannochPerthshire1502
RattrayPerthshirePhilip Cumyn of Rattray
RavenstoneWigtownshireFrank Renwick of Ravenstone1983
RemistounWigtownshireBefore 1540
RenfrewRenfrewshire1398HRH The Duke of Rothesay1952
RescobieForfarshire
RestalrigEdinburgh
RobertlandAyrshire1539Brian Parsons of Robertland2005
RobertonLanarkshire
RossieFifeJohn Elephant of Rossie
RuchlawEast Lothian
RuscoKirkcudbrightshireRobert Carson of Rusco
Saint Monance / MonansFife1596Dr Robert Parviz Pirooz of Saint Monance QC2014
SauchieStirlingshire1320Niklas Wallenberg2015[35]
Saulsait SaulsetWigtownshireBefore 1629
Seybeggis or SeabegsStirlingshire15th centuryDr. George M. Burden2014
SeggiedenPerthshireConsul a.h. Dr. Trond U. Hegle
Smeaton HepburnEast LothianGeorge Gray of Smeaton Hepburn
StaneAyrshire1371Ryan Montgomery1987
StoboPeeblesshire1577William Jolly
StonehavenAberdeenshireFraser Angus Oliver Mearns of Stonehaven
StonehouseLanarkshire
StoneywoodAberdeenshireCharles Mack of Stoneywood2000
StrathdeeAberdeenshire1563
StrathlachlanArgyllEuan MacLachlan of Strathlachlan
StrichenAberdeenshire1515Massimo Fraser of Strichen2000
StruanPerthshireAlexander Robertson1983
SwintonBerwickshire1098James Swinton
SymingtonLanarkshire1329
TeallachDennistoun Teall of Teallach
ThainstoneAberdeenshire1488David Valentine2017
ThankertonLanarkshire
TorbollSutherland1360Alistair Charles St Clair Sutherland, 25th Earl of Sutherland2019
TranentEast LothianHugh, 19th Earl of Eglinton, 7th Earl of Winton
TraquairPeeblesshire1491Catherine Maxwell-Stuart, 21st Lady of Traquair
TrearneAyrshire1371Ryan Montgomery1987
TrentCharles A. Cogdill2002
TroupBanffshire
TullochRoss and Cromarty1542David Willien
TurinForfarshire
TwynehameKirkcudbrightshireDelyse Sharpe of Twynehame1992
UrquhartInverness-shire1230
UrquhartMorayshire1587Robert A. Cromartie2004
WellsRoxburghshireBryce Lee West2009
WestsideGordon Kerr
WigtounLanarkshire1606
WinchburghWest Lothian15th centuryMichael Chou-Leng Looi Lyons2022[36][37]
WistonLanarkshire
WormistonFifeMichael Spens1970
YairSelkirk1806Li Li2019
YeochrieAberdeenshireRichard Stuart of Yeochrie

[38][39]

See also

References

  1. Alexander Grant, "Franchises North of the Border: Baronies and Regalities in Medieval Scotland", Chapter 9, Michael Prestwich. ed., Liberties and Identities in Medieval Britain and Ireland (Boydell Press: Woodbridge, 2008)
  2. John Chisholm, Green's Encyclopaedia of the Law of Scotland, Volume 2 (1896), p.33.
  3. John Horne Stevenson, Encyclopaedia of the Laws of Scotland, Volume 2 (1927).
  4. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. Reid, Professor Kenneth (2003). The Abolition of Feudal Tenure in Scotland. Edinburgh: Tottel.
  6. "Section 63". Abolition of Feudal Tenure, etc (Scotland) Act 2000.
  7. "Appendix A12: See Explanatory Notes on Clause 57 Subsection (2)". Report on Abolition of Feudal System. Archived from the original on 19 November 2004.
  8. Re Notarial Instrument of the Earl of Galloway; Disposition; Warrant for Letters Patent, No.s 103, 104, 105, Palmyra Island Land Recordation, United States District Court for the District of Hawaii (D.C. Hawaii-Palmyra I. 2017).
  9. Livingston of the Bachuil, yr., Niall (2006). The MacLeas or Livingstones and their Allodial Barony of the Bachuil (PDF). Baronage Press. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  10. "Age-old Scots property rights end". BBC News. 28 November 2004.
  11. "Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000". www.opsi.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 21 July 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  12. Graham Senior-Milne, 41st Baron of Mordington (27 June 2005). "Scottish feudal baronies (feudal barons, feudal baron) including the oath of a knight". Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
  13. "Titles and Usages". Scotsbarons.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  14. "Scottish Feudal Baronies, Scottish and Irish Titles, Titles, Forms Of Address | Debrett's". Debretts.com. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  15. "Scottish feudal baronies (feudal barons, feudal baron) including the oath of a knight". Peerage.org. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  16. "Male Barons". Scotsbarons.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  17. An Observation is a printed notation in a passport to convey important information about the passport holder to officials. "Guidance - Observations in Passports".
  18. "Titles included in passports" (PDF). UK government website. p. 3.
  19. "How to wear the kilt | Scottish Tartans Authority". Tartansauthority.com. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  20. "Hereditary offices". Scotsbarons.org. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  21. "Discover Ardgrain". 2010. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
  22. "Decision of Lord Lyon King of Arms "Skye, 8 October 2009"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  23. "Outer House allows proof before answer in Berwickshire castle sale dispute".
  24. Brady Brim-DeForest of Balvaird Castle
  25. RSG.I.App.2.#1768
  26. "The Barony of Coigach". The Barony of Coigach. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  27. "The Lordship and Barony of Coldingham". Coldingham.org. 14 March 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  28. "David Irvine of Drum". The Times. 21 March 2019. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  29. "Obituary: David Irvine of Drum, chief who helped end a centuries-old clan feud". www.scotsman.com. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  30. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition.
  31. Scottish Barony Register and Burke's Peerage
  32. People of Medieval Scotland, Document 3/350/24
  33. "Records of the Parliaments of Scotland".
  34. Scottish Barony Register and Letter Patent by the Lord Lyon, see http://baronyofpittenweem.com/reference/stories/full-grant.jpg
  35. "Ett nytt skottskt-svenskt vapen" (PDF). Societas Heraldica Scandinavia. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  36. "Scottish Barony Register". 19 October 2022.
  37. "Baronage – Registry of Scots Nobility". Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  38. Burke's Peerage and Gentry. Accessed 29 July 2007.
  39. "Scottish feudal baronies (feudal barons, feudal baron) including the oath of a knight". Peerage.org. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  40. Hamilton, Brian (May 2006). "A petition for Arms with Baronial Additaments" (PDF). The Amorial Register Newsletter (Special ed.). 1. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  41. "Report on Abolition of the Feudal System :Contents". www.scotland.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 January 2005.

Further reading

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