Beijing State Security Bureau

The Beijing State Security Bureau Detention Centre is a detention facility primarily used to house political prisoners, similar to Russia's Lefortovo Prison in Moscow. In 2019, former PRC diplomat turned dissident Australian citizen Yang Hengjun was arrested in Guangzhou and transferred to the BSSB Detention Centre to face espionage charges.[4]

In December 2020, the BSSB detained Haze Fan, a Beijing-based assistant reporter for Bloomberg News, on what was purported to be a suspicion of endangering national security.[6][5][7] On June 14, 2022, China's embassy in the US told Bloomberg that Haze had been released on bail, although the agency had not made contact with her.[8]

In June 1989, the Beijing bureau was behind the expulsion of Associated Press reporter John Pomfret following his coverage of the Tiananmen Square protests over allegations of his links with student leaders.[9] During the public pronouncement of charges against Pomfret, the bureau revealed its technical competence, displaying images from cameras previously assumed to be traffic cameras, cameras hidden inside restaurants, and raw footage from an ABC News interview that had been intercepted from a satellite transmission to ABC News headquarters in the United States.[9][10]^: 237

In 2005, the BSSB detained Sharon Hom, executive director of Human Rights in China, after she attended an EU-China bilateral human rights dialogue in Beijing.[11]

In 2006, Yahoo! executives admitted to the U.S. House Foreign Relations Committee that they had allowed two liaison officers with the Beijing State Security Bureau to work in a special Hong Kong-based office within the company.[12] In a subsequent hearing, executives declined to explain why they had provided emails and IP addresses to BSSB authorities which was allegedly used to convict and sentence journalist Shi Tao and blogger Wang Xiaoning to ten years in prison each for "leaking state secrets."[12] The company later settled a civil suit over the matter out of court, and promised changes to the way it handles foreign law enforcement requests.[13] Yahoo! cofounder Jerry Yang later appealed to U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to press for the release of the two dissidents prior to her visit to China in 2008.[14]

In November 2007, Chinese American geologist Xue Feng was arrested by the BSSB and charged with "exporting intelligence" for purchasing a commercially available database of Chinese oil wells.[15] Residing in Houston, Texas, Xue was on a business trip for IHS, Inc at the time of his arrest.[16] Following his arrest, human rights activist John Kamm told the Associated Press that the BSSB had ignored the deadlines for notification and visits required by Chinese law and its consular agreement with the U.S., and had not provided US consular officials his whereabouts for more than three weeks following his arrest.[17] Upon finally receiving access to US consular officials, Xue revealed he had been tortured, displaying cigarette burn marks on his arms.[18] After taking office in 2009, President Obama pressed for Xue's release in meetings with Chinese officials, to no avail.[16] Later appeals, attended personally by U.S. ambassador Jon Huntsman, were unsuccessful.[15] During Hu Jintao's state visit to Washington, D.C., members of Congress confronted Hu about Xue. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, at the time chairwoman of the House Foreign Relations Committee, and Kevin Brady, who represented Xue's Houston district, separately pushed letters into Hu's hands urging Xue's release. After 8 years in the Beijing No.2 prison, he was released and deported to the U.S. on April 3, 2015.[19]

In January 2014, BSSB director Liang Ke was removed from office and arrested amid a power struggle.[26] As Xi Jinping tightened his control of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), he waged an anti-corruption campaign to purge his political adversaries, culminating in the downfall of former minister of public security Zhou Yongkang and his political allies, which included MSS vice minister Qiu Jin and his protégé Liang.[2][26][27] State media said the investigation into Liang was connected to allegations of corruption and his dealing with Zhou, while other sources reported that he was suspected of monitoring the whereabouts of some members of the Politburo Standing Committee, including Xi Jinping himself.[27]

Fan Shouzhi has held the longest tenure in BSSB leadership, serving as deputy director from October 1986 to December 1996, at which time he was promoted to director, serving through September 2001, before becoming a member of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games.[28]