Biomagnetics

Biomagnetics is a field of biotechnology. It has actively been researched since at least 2004.[1] Although the majority of structures found in living organisms are diamagnetic, the magnetic field itself, as well as magnetic nanoparticles, microstructures and paramagnetic molecules can influence specific physiological functions of organisms under certain conditions. The effect of magnetic fields on biosystems is a topic of research that falls under the biomagnetic umbrella, as well as the construction of magnetic structures or systems that are either biocompatible, biodegradable or biomimetic.[1] Magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic microparticles are known to interact with certain prokaryotes and certain eukaryotes.[2]

See also: Bioelectronics
Not to be confused with Bioelectromagnetics or Biomagnetism.

Magnetic nanoparticles under the influence of magnetic and electromagnetic fields were shown to modulate redox reactions for the inhibition or the promotion of animal tumor growth. The mechanism underlying nanomagnetic modulation involves the convergence of magnetochemical[3] and magneto-mechanical[4] reactions.

History
See also: Nuclear magnetic resonance and Magnetic resonance imaging

In 2014, biotechnicians at Monash University noticed that "the efficiency of delivery of DNA vaccines is often relatively low compared to protein vaccines" and on this basis suggested the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to deliver genetic materials via magnetofection because it increases the efficiency of drug delivery.[5]

As of 2021, interactions have been studied between low cost iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and the main groups of biomolecules: proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates.[6] There have been suggestions of magnetically-targeted drug delivery systems, in particular for the cationic peptide lasioglossin.[7]

Around May 2021 rumours abounded that certain mRNA biotech delivery systems were magnetically active. Prompted by state-owned broadcaster France24, fr:Julien Bobroff who specialises in magnetism and teaches at the University of Paris-Saclay debunked the claims of Covid-19 conspiracy theorists using an ad verecundiam argument, as follows: "A vaccine against Covid-19... that would make magnets stick to the skin once injected is absolutely impossible from a scientific standpoint."[8]

References
  1. Safarik, Ivo; Safarikova, Mirka (2004). "Magnetic techniques for the isolation and purification of proteins and peptides". Biomagnetic Research and Technology. 2 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/1477-044X-2-7. PMC 544596. PMID 15566570.
  2. Safarik, Ivo; Pospiskova, Kristyna; Baldikova, Eva; Safarikova, Mirka (2017). Das, Surajit; Dash, Hirak Ranjan (eds.). "Magnetically Responsive Microbial Cells for Metal Ions Removal and Detection". Handbook of Metal-Microbe Interactions and Bioremediation. doi:10.1201/9781315153353. ISBN 9781315153353.
  3. Orel, Valerii E.; Tselepi, Marina; Mitrelias, Thanos; Zabolotny, Mykhailo; Krotevich, Mykhailo; Shevchenko, Anatoliy; Rykhalskyi, Alexander; Romanov, Andriy; Orel, Valerii B.; Burlaka, Anatoliy; Lukin, Sergey; Stegnii, Vladyslav; Barnes, Crispin H.W. (16 September 2019). "Nonlinear Magnetochemical Effects in Nanotherapy of Walker-256 Carcinosarcoma". ACS Applied Bio Materials. 2 (9): 3954–3963. doi:10.1021/acsabm.9b00526. PMID 35021328. S2CID 201251596.
  4. Orel, Valerii E.; Dasyukevich, Olga; Rykhalskyi, Oleksandr; Orel, Valerii B.; Burlaka, Anatoliy; Virko, Sergii (November 2021). "Magneto-mechanical effects of magnetite nanoparticles on Walker-256 carcinosarcoma heterogeneity, redox state and growth modulated by an inhomogeneous stationary magnetic field". Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 538: 168314. Bibcode:2021JMMM..53868314O. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168314.
  5. Al-Deen, Fatin Nawwab; Selomulya, Cordelia; Ma, Charles; Coppel, Ross L. (2014). "Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Delivery of DNA Vaccine". DNA Vaccines. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1143. pp. 181–194. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0410-5_12. ISBN 978-1-4939-0409-9. PMID 24715289.
  6. Abarca-Cabrera, Lucía; Fraga-García, Paula; Berensmeier, Sonja (2021). "Bio-nano interactions: Binding proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids onto magnetic nanoparticles". Biomaterials Research. 25 (1): 12. doi:10.1186/s40824-021-00212-y. PMC 8059211. PMID 33883044.
  7. Turrina, Chiara; Berensmeier, Sonja; Schwaminger, Sebastian P. (2021). "Bare Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Carrier for the Short Cationic Peptide Lasioglossin". Pharmaceuticals. 14 (5): 405. doi:10.3390/ph14050405. PMC 8146918. PMID 33923229.
  8. "Covid-19 vaccine: does the 'magnet challenge' work?". france24. The Observers. 21 May 2021.
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