Biscay (Congress of Deputies constituency)

Biscay (Basque: Bizkaia, Spanish: Vizcaya) is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects eight deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Biscay. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Biscay
Congress of Deputies
Electoral constituency
Location of Biscay within Spain
ProvinceBiscay
Autonomous communityBasque Country
Population1,149,344 (2022)[1]
Electorate942,983 (2023)
Major settlementsBilbao, Barakaldo, Getxo
Current constituency
Created1977
Seats10 (1977–1993)
9 (1993–2008)
8 (2008–present)
Member(s)
  •   PNV (2)
  •   PSOE (2)
  •   EH Bildu (2)
  •   PP (1)
  •   Sumar (1)

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[3]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[4] 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting.[3][5][6] The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[7]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[5][6]

Deputies

Deputies 1977–present
Key to parties
  HB
  Amaiur
  IU
  Sumar
  EE
  PSOE
  EA
  PNV
  UCD
  PP
  CP
  AP
Legislature Election Distribution
Constituent 1977
3 4 2 1
1st 1979
2 2 4 2
2nd 1982
1 4 4 1
3rd 1986
2 1 3 3 1
4th 1989
2 1 2 1 3 1
5th 1993
1 3 3 2
6th 1996
1 1 2 3 2
7th 2000
2 4 3
8th 2004
3 4 2
9th 2008
4 3 1
10th 2011
2 2 3 1
11th 2015
1 2 1 3 1
12th 2016
1 3 1 2 1
13th 2019 (Apr)
1 2 2 3
14th 2019 (Nov)
1 1 2 3 1
15th 2023
2 1 2 2 1

Elections

2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 164,18826.93–8.29 2–1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 157,44825.82+6.69 2±0
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 125,86720.64+5.62 2+1
People's Party (PP) 70,53311.57+2.75 1±0
Unite (Sumar)1 66,59210.92–5.85 1±0
Vox (Vox) 16,0692.64+0.22 0±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 2,7290.45–0.15 0±0
Workers' Front (FO) 9290.15New 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 8040.13+0.05 0±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 6180.10+0.02 0±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 5250.09–0.03 0±0
Blank ballots 3,3910.56–0.04
Total 609,693 8±0
Valid votes 609,69399.15–0.27
Invalid votes 5,2510.85+0.27
Votes cast / turnout 614,94465.21–1.55
Abstentions 328,03934.79+1.55
Registered voters 942,983
Sources[8]
Footnotes:

November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 221,97935.22+0.88 3±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 120,56619.13–0.75 2±0
United We Can (PodemosIU) 97,12515.41–2.31 1–1
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 94,66915.02+1.66 1±0
People's Party (PP) 55,6218.82+1.56 1+1
Vox (Vox) 15,2842.42+0.11 0±0
More CountryEcologist Candidacy (Más País–Candidatura Ecologista) 8,5421.36New 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 6,9291.10–2.01 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,7830.60–0.30 0±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 7530.12–0.05 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 4940.08–0.04 0±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 4910.08–0.01 0±0
European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria) 2700.04–0.04 0±0
Blank ballots 3,8060.60–0.06
Total 630,312 8±0
Valid votes 630,31299.42+0.11
Invalid votes 3,6650.58–0.11
Votes cast / turnout 633,97766.76–6.09
Abstentions 315,62133.24+6.09
Registered voters 949,598
Sources[9]

April 2019 general election

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 235,91634.34+6.12 3+1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 136,54719.88+5.97 2+1
United We Can (PodemosIUEquo Berdeak) 121,74017.72–11.15 2–1
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 91,77113.36+2.47 1±0
People's Party (PP) 49,8597.26–5.45 0–1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 21,3923.11–0.22 0±0
Vox (Vox) 15,8392.31+2.21 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 6,1870.90+0.12 0±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,1770.17–0.02 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 8440.12New 0±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 6030.09New 0±0
European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria) 5280.08New 0±0
Blank ballots 4,5570.66+0.03
Total 686,960 8±0
Valid votes 686,96099.31–0.01
Invalid votes 4,7420.69+0.01
Votes cast / turnout 691,70272.85+6.88
Abstentions 257,74027.15–6.88
Registered voters 949,442
Sources[9]

2016 general election

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
United We Can (Podemos/Ahal DuguIUEquo)1 179,34728.87–0.05 3+1
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 175,29628.22+0.31 2–1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 86,42513.91+0.93 1±0
People's Party (PP) 78,96512.71+1.31 1±0
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 67,65310.89–1.60 1±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 20,6853.33–0.51 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 4,8650.78+0.12 0±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,1760.19+0.02 0±0
Blank Seats (EB/AZ) 1,0260.17+0.01 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 7660.12–0.19 0±0
Vox (Vox) 6410.10New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 4670.08+0.02 0±0
Blank ballots 3,9070.63–0.11
Total 621,219 8±0
Valid votes 621,21998.32+0.03
Invalid votes 4,2250.68–0.03
Votes cast / turnout 625,44465.97–3.44
Abstentions 322,63634.03+3.44
Registered voters 948,080
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

2015 general election

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 182,60427.91–4.70 3±0
We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu) 170,72826.10New 2+2
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 84,89312.98–8.41 1–1
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)1 81,70412.49–6.70 1–1
People's Party (PP) 74,56011.40–6.32 1±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 25,1483.84New 0±0
United LeftPopular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 18,4662.82–0.96 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 4,3420.66+0.15 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,0120.31–1.39 0±0
Left–For the Left (Ezkerra) 1,4470.22New 0±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,0890.17New 0±0
Blank Seats (EB/AZ) 1,0450.16–0.29 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 4790.07–0.19 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 4140.06New 0±0
Social Justice, Citizen Participation (JS,PC) 4060.06New 0±0
Blank ballots 4,8400.74–0.40
Total 654,177 8±0
Valid votes 654,17799.29+0.30
Invalid votes 4,6470.71–0.30
Votes cast / turnout 658,82469.41+1.33
Abstentions 290,35330.59–1.33
Registered voters 949,177
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

2011 general election

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 208,68332.61+1.51 3±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 136,85321.39–15.60 2–2
Amaiur (Amaiur)1 122,79619.19+14.54 2+2
People's Party (PP) 113,40117.72–0.68 1±0
United LeftThe Greens: Plural Left (IU–LV) 24,2053.78–0.57 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 10,8861.70+0.75 0±0
Equo (Equo) 7,3871.15New 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,2780.51+0.14 0±0
Blank Seats (EB) 2,8860.45New 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,6700.26+0.03 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 5500.09New 0±0
Blank ballots 7,2851.14–0.54
Total 639,880 8±0
Valid votes 639,88098.99–0.04
Invalid votes 6,5521.01+0.04
Votes cast / turnout 646,43268.08+1.49
Abstentions 303,03931.92–1.49
Registered voters 949,471
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

2008 general election

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 233,37136.99+10.23 4+1
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 196,24231.10–6.19 3–1
People's Party (PP) 116,11018.40–0.34 1–1
United Left–Greens–Alternative (EB–B) 27,4714.35–4.23 0±0
Basque Solidarity (EA) 19,6053.11–1.23 0±0
Aralar (Aralar) 9,7401.54–0.31 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 5,9970.95New 0±0
The Greens (B/LV) 3,3510.53New 0±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 2,3430.37New 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,4660.23New 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 9980.16–0.08 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain–Basque Communists (PCPE–EK) 7990.13New 0±0
Engine and Sports Alternative (AMD) 6170.10New 0±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 5890.09New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 4350.07–0.20 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 4260.07New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 2190.03+0.01 0±0
National Democracy (DN) 1910.03–0.02 0±0
Carlist Party of the Basque CountryCarlist Party (EKA–PC) 1660.03–0.01 0±0
Spanish Alternative (AES) 1130.02New 0±0
National Alliance (AN) 870.01New 0±0
Blank ballots 10,5811.68+0.42
Total 630,917 8–1
Valid votes 630,91799.03+5.25
Invalid votes 6,1770.97–5.25
Votes cast / turnout 637,09466.59–9.24
Abstentions 319,61533.41+9.24
Registered voters 956,709
Sources[9]

2004 general election

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 258,48837.29+3.08 4±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 185,51426.76+3.90 3+1
People's Party (PP) 129,88918.74–8.52 2–1
United Left (EB/IU) 59,4938.58+2.79 0±0
Basque Solidarity (EA) 30,0964.34–0.74 0±0
AralarStand up (Aralar–Zutik) 12,7911.85New 0±0
Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD) 2,3000.33–0.09 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1,8460.27+0.03 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 1,6820.24+0.14 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 7890.11+0.06 0±0
Republican Left (IR) 4070.06New 0±0
National Democracy (DN) 3480.05New 0±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR) 2640.04New 0±0
Carlist Party of the Basque CountryCarlist Party (EKA–PC) 2430.04New 0±0
The Phalanx (FE) 1470.02–0.02 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)1 1340.02–0.01 0±0
Blank ballots 8,7541.26–1.44
Total 693,185 9±0
Valid votes 693,18593.78–5.13
Invalid votes 45,9796.22+5.13
Votes cast / turnout 739,16475.83+8.84
Abstentions 235,57824.17–8.84
Registered voters 974,742
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

2000 general election

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 222,47934.21+5.01 4+1
People's Party (PP) 177,27227.26+8.82 3+1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 148,67022.86–0.93 2±0
United Left (EB/IU) 37,6775.79–3.93 0–1
Basque Solidarity (EA) 33,0475.08–0.10 0±0
The Greens (B/LV) 5,4690.84+0.40 0±0
Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD) 2,7590.42New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1,5790.24+0.18 0±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 1,0250.16New 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 6620.10New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 5340.08New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre–Centrist Union (CDS–UC) 3480.05–0.01 0±0
Republican Action (AR) 2810.04New 0±0
Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000) 2460.04New 0±0
The Phalanx (FE) 2430.04New 0±0
Carlist Party (EKA) 1820.03New 0±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 (FEI–FE 2000) 1790.03+0.01 0±0
Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI)) 1510.02New 0±0
Basque Citizens (EH)1 00.00–9.94 0–1
Blank ballots 17,5842.70+1.40
Total 650,387 9±0
Valid votes 650,38798.91–0.41
Invalid votes 7,1381.09+0.41
Votes cast / turnout 657,52566.99–5.50
Abstentions 324,04633.01+5.50
Registered voters 981,571
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1996 general election

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 204,05629.20–0.34 3±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 166,29323.79–1.08 2–1
People's Party (PP) 128,90418.44+3.15 2±0
Popular Unity (HB) 69,4729.94–2.58 1±0
United Left (IU/EB) 67,9549.72+2.67 1+1
Basque Solidarity (EA) 36,2345.18–1.13 0±0
Basque Citizen Initiative (ICV–Gorordo) 11,8331.69New 0±0
European Greens–Basque Country Greens (VE–EHB) 7740.44–0.57 0±0
Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT)1 5600.08–0.38 0±0
Centrist Union (UC) 4300.06–0.73 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 3940.06+0.01 0±0
Republican Coalition (CR)2 3310.05+0.01 0±0
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) 1390.02New 0±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 1380.02New 0±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) 00.00–0.06 0±0
Blank ballots 9,0631.30+0.09
Total 698,859 9±0
Valid votes 698,85999.32+0.14
Invalid votes 4,7700.68–0.14
Votes cast / turnout 703,62972.49+1.41
Abstentions 266,96327.51–1.41
Registered voters 970,592
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1993 general election

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 197,39229.54+1.63 3±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))1 166,17224.87–3.81 3±0
People's Party (PP) 102,17215.29+5.59 2+1
Popular Unity (HB) 83,64412.52–2.53 1–1
United Left (IU/EB) 47,0917.05+3.44 0±0
Basque SolidarityBasque Left (EA–EuE) 42,1756.31–1.56 0–1
The Greens (Berdeak/LV) 6,7691.01New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 5,2850.79–2.65 0±0
The Ecologists (LE) 3,2150.48–0.59 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 3,0530.46+0.12 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos GroupEuropean Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) 1,3590.20–0.56 0±0
Referendum Tolerant Independent Political Party (PITRCG) 4080.06New 0±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) 4050.06–0.02 0±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 3870.06New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 3530.05–0.03 0±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)2 2510.04–0.02 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 00.00New 0±0
Blank ballots 8,0601.21+0.53
Total 668,191 9–1
Valid votes 668,19199.18+0.15
Invalid votes 5,4950.82–0.15
Votes cast / turnout 673,68671.08+3.79
Abstentions 274,08528.92–3.79
Registered voters 947,771
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1989 general election

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 171,58227.91–1.40 3±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 127,74420.78–5.78 2–1
Popular Unity (HB) 92,49315.05–0.86 2±0
People's Party (PP)1 59,6329.70–0.97 1±0
Basque Country Left (EE) 48,5597.90–0.46 1±0
Basque Solidarity (EA) 48,3557.87New 1+1
United Left (IU/EB) 22,1693.61+2.03 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 21,1443.44–1.51 0±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE) 6,5891.07New 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) 4,6820.76New 0±0
Workers' Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Workers (PTE–EL)2 3,1250.51–0.61 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 2,0990.34–0.10 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 5460.09New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 5210.08New 0±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) 5100.08New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 4000.07–0.05 0±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3 3980.06–0.10 0±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))4 00.00–0.12 0±0
Revolutionary Communist LeagueCommunist Movement (LKI–EMK)5 00.00±0.00 0±0
Blank ballots 4,1760.68+0.20
Total 614,724 10±0
Valid votes 614,72499.03+1.04
Invalid votes 6,0440.97–1.04
Votes cast / turnout 620,76867.29–1.03
Abstentions 301,82532.71+1.03
Registered voters 922,593
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1986 general election

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 179,13029.31–4.07 3–1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 162,32326.56–3.08 3–1
Popular Unity (HB) 97,25215.91+2.80 2+1
People's Coalition (APPDPPL)1 65,21210.67–1.35 1±0
Basque Country Left (EE) 51,0908.36+1.80 1+1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 30,2864.95+3.47 0±0
United Left (IU) 9,6381.58New 0±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 6,8631.12–1.07 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 2,6590.44–0.13 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 1,3970.23+0.05 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 9810.16New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 7510.12New 0±0
Republican Popular Unity (UPR)2 7040.12+0.05 0±0
Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK) 00.00±0.00 0±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LKI) 00.00±0.00 0±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 00.00New 0±0
Blank ballots 2,9350.48–0.02
Total 611,221 10±0
Valid votes 611,22197.99+0.16
Invalid votes 12,5492.01–0.16
Votes cast / turnout 623,77068.32–11.20
Abstentions 289,19431.68+11.20
Registered voters 912,964
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1982 general election

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 221,80133.38+4.20 4±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 196,97429.64+10.58 4+2
Popular Unity (HB) 87,10013.11–1.40 1–1
Democratic Coalition (APPDPPDLUCD)1 79,86612.02–8.20 1–1
Basque Country Left–Left for Socialism (EE) 43,5916.56+0.71 0±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 14,5372.19–3.58 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 9,8151.48New 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 3,8150.57New 0±0
New Force (FN)2 1,2890.19–1.17 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 1,2250.18New 0±0
Communist Unity Candidacy (CUC) 7610.11New 0±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) 4780.07New 0±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LKI) 00.00–0.55 0±0
Socialist Party (PS)3 00.00–0.75 0±0
Communist League–Internationalist Socialist Workers' Coalition (LC (COSI)) 00.00New 0±0
Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK) 00.00–1.32 0±0
Blank ballots 3,3180.50+0.30
Total 664,570 10±0
Valid votes 664,57097.83+0.04
Invalid votes 14,7282.17–0.04
Votes cast / turnout 679,29879.52+14.19
Abstentions 174,90620.48–14.19
Registered voters 854,204
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1979 general election

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 161,48029.18–1.74 4±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)1 105,48119.06–8.38 2–1
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 88,43115.98–0.43 2±0
Popular Unity (HB)2 80,28014.51+10.97 2+2
Basque Country Left (EE) 32,3635.85+0.42 0±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 31,9425.77+0.38 0±0
Foral Union of the Basque Country (UFPV)3 23,4844.24–2.40 0–1
National Union (UN) 7,5211.36New 0±0
Communist MovementOrganization of Communist Left (MC–OIC) 7,2921.32New 0±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh)4 4,1310.75–0.37 0±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LCR)5 3,0390.55–0.26 0±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)6 2,9320.53+0.02 0±0
Carlist Party (PC) 1,3800.25New 0±0
Republican Left of the Basque Country (IR–E) 1,2290.22New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 7950.14New 0±0
Proverist Party (PPr) 5000.09New 0±0
Union for the Freedom of Speech (ULE) 00.00New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,1270.20–0.01
Total 553,407 10±0
Valid votes 553,40797.79+0.64
Invalid votes 12,4782.21–0.64
Votes cast / turnout 565,88565.33–11.05
Abstentions 300,30034.67+11.05
Registered voters 866,185
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1977 general election

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 171,99130.92n/a 4n/a
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 140,64325.28n/a 3n/a
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 91,26216.41n/a 2n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 36,9346.64n/a 1n/a
Basque Country Left (EE) 30,2095.43n/a 0n/a
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 29,9685.39n/a 0n/a
Basque Socialist Party (ESB/PSV) 15,0792.71n/a 0n/a
People's Socialist PartySocialist Unity (PSP–US) 12,0382.16n/a 0n/a
Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI) 6,2241.12n/a 0n/a
Basque Christian Democracy (DCV) 6,0341.08n/a 0n/a
Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV) 4,6170.83n/a 0n/a
Front for Workers' Unity (FUT) 4,4780.81n/a 0n/a
Workers' Electoral Group (AET) 2,8250.51n/a 0n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI) 2,7670.50n/a 0n/a
Blank ballots 1,1660.21n/a
Total 556,235 10n/a
Valid votes 556,23597.15n/a
Invalid votes 16,3132.85n/a
Votes cast / turnout 572,54876.38n/a
Abstentions 177,02423.62n/a
Registered voters 749,572
Sources[9]

See also

References

  1. "Real Decreto 1037/2022, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (305): 178928–178933. 21 December 2022. ISSN 0212-033X.
  2. "Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política". Law No. 1 of 4 January 1977 (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  3. "Constitución Española". Act of 29 December 1978 (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  4. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  5. "Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales". Royal Decree-Law No. 20 of 18 March 1977 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  6. "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  7. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  8. "Resolución de 30 de agosto de 2023, de la Presidencia de la Junta Electoral Central, por la que se publica el resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 400/2023, de 29 de mayo, y celebradas el 23 de julio de 2023, conforme a las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos remitidas por las correspondientes Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (209): 122201–122274. 1 September 2023. ISSN 0212-033X.
  9. "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.

43°15′N 2°59′W

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