Bishari tribe

The Bishari (Arabic: البشارية, romanized: al-Bishāriyyah, or البشاريين, romanized: al-Bishāriyyīn; Beja: Oobshaari) are an ethnic group who live in parts of Northeast Africa. They are one of the major divisions of the Beja people. Apart from local dialects of Arabic, the Bishari speak the Beja language, which belongs to the Afroasiatic family of the Cushitic branch.

Historical photograph of a group of Bishari people by G. Lekegian, c. 1895
Bishari
Total population
42,000
Regions with significant populations
 Sudan15,000 (1992)[1]
 EgyptUnknown
Languages
Beja (Bidhaawyeet), Arabic
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
other Beja

Demographics

The Bishari live in the eastern part of the Nubian Desert in Sudan and southern Egypt. They reside in the Atabai (also spelled Atbai) area between the Nile River and the Red Sea, north of the Amarar and south of the Ababda people between the Nubian desert and the Nile valley, an area of limestone, mountains, with sandstone plateaus.[2]

The Bishari population numbers around 42,000 individuals. Most people of the tribe move within the territory of Sudan, where members have political representation in the Beja Congress.[3]

Language

The Bishari speak the Beja language as a mother tongue. It belongs to the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family.[4]

The Beja inhabiting Sudan also speak Sudanese Arabic as a second language.[4] In 1949, a member of the Bishari tribe stated that when they meet a stranger, they immediately ask "'Are you biggaweijet (=Bišari) or belaeijt (Arab)?'" and continued "‘...We call our language biggawija and it contains many elements of Arabic (belaeijet).'"[5]

Economy

The Bishari are traditionally nomadic people, working in husbandry of camels, sheep, and goats in the southern part of the Eastern Desert. This area is largely unexplored. Of all the tribes in the area, they live in the more remote areas.[6] The Bishari and the Bishari Qamhatab, believed to be ancient Bishari, have traded agricultural commodities with other people since ancient times.[6][2][7]

Religion

The Bishari are mostly Sunni Muslims.[3] In the 10th century CE, the Muslim geographer Al-Maqdisi wrote that the Bishari were Christians.[8] Throughout their history, the Bishari tribes have practised numerous different religions, including varieties of paganism, then Christianity and now Islam. Although they are recognised as Muslims, Islam is not deep rooted in the culture. Often of equal importance are traditional beliefs. Many continue to fear the influence of jinn, or bad spirits, which they believe are all around and cause sickness and disputes between neighbours. [9]

See also

References
  1. "Languages of Sudan". Ethnologue. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  2. Starky, Janet. "Perceptions of the Ababda and Bisharin in the Atbai". University of Durham. Archived from the original on 10 March 2006. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
  3. Young, John (2007). The Eastern Front and the Struggle against Marginalization (PDF). Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva 2007. ISBN 978-2-8288-0081-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-06-17. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
  4. "Bedawiyet". Ethnologue. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  5. Starkey, Janet (June 2001). "Perceptions of the ʿAbabda and Bisharin in the Atbai". Sudan Studies (26): 40.
  6. "Egypt People". Britannica. Archived from the original on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
  7. Sidebotham, Steven E.; Hense, Martin; Nouwens, Hendrikje M. (2008). The Red Land: The Illustrated Archaeology of Egypt's Eastern Desert. American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 9789774160943. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
  8. al-Maqdisī, Abū Nasr Muṭahhar (1899–1919). Huart, Charles (ed.). Le Livre de la Creation et de l'Histoire d'Abou Zaid. Paris: Publ. de l'Ecole des Languages Vivantes Sier IV. p. 148.
  9. "Beja, Bisharin in Sudan".

Further reading

Egypt: Handbook for Travellers : Part First, Lower Egypt, with the Fayum and the Peninsula of Sinai, by Karl Baedeker, (1885)

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