Black Sea Governorate

The Black Sea Governorate[lower-alpha 1] was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, established in 1896 on the territory of the Black Sea Okrug of the Kuban Oblast. The administrative center of the governorate was the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. In 1905, the population of the governorate was approximately 70,000 and its area was 6,455 square versts (7,346 km2; 2,836 sq mi), making it the smallest Russian governorate by both measures.[1] The governorate ceased to exist when the Black Sea Soviet Republic was established on its territory in the spring of 1918—later the governorate was incorporated into the Kuban-Black Sea Oblast of the Russian SFSR in March 1920.

Black Sea Governorate
Черноморская губернія
Governorate
Coat of arms of Black Sea Governorate
Coat of arms
Administrative map of the Black Sea Governorate
Administrative map of the Black Sea Governorate
CountryRussian Empire
ViceroyaltyCaucasus
Established1849
Abolished1917
CapitalNovorossiysk
Area
 • Total6,675.68 km2 (2,577.49 sq mi)
Population
 (1916)
 • Total178,306
 • Density27/km2 (69/sq mi)
 • Urban
46.39%
 • Rural
53.61%

Administrative divisions

The districts (okrugs) of the Black Sea Governorate in 1917 were as follows:[2][3]

Name Capital Population Area
1897 1916
Novorossiysky okrug (Новороссійскій округъ) Novorossiysk 34,908 75,021 999.13 square versts (1,137.07 km2; 439.03 sq mi)
Sochinsky okrug (Сочинскій округъ) Sochi 13,519 62,920 3,304.84 square versts (3,761.11 km2; 1,452.17 sq mi)
Tuapsinsky okrug (Туапсинскій округъ) Tuapse 9,051 40,365 1,561.86 square versts (1,777.49 km2; 686.29 sq mi)

Demographics

Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Black Sea Governorate had a population of 57,478 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 34,776 men and 22,702 women. The plurality of the population indicated Russian to be their mother tongue, with significant Ukrainian, Armenian, and Greek speaking minorities.[2]

Linguistic composition of the Black Sea Governorate in 1897[2]
Native language Number %
Russian24,63542.86
Ukrainian9,25216.10
Armenian6,28510.93
Greek5,96910.38
Circassian1,9393.37
Czech1,2902.24
Jewish9901.72
Georgian9671.68
Romanian9231.61
Estonian7911.38
German7481.30
Polish7311.27
Belarusian6591.15
Turkish6501.13
Mingrelian3040.53
Tatar[lower-alpha 2]2910.51
Persian2100.37
Imeretian1580.27
Other6861.19
TOTAL 57,478 100.00
Religious composition of the Black Sea Governorate in 1897[6]
Faith Male Female Both
Number %
Eastern Orthodox26,08516,98043,06574.92
Armenian Apostolic3,5062,6356,14110.68
Muslim2,0721,0313,1035.40
Roman Catholic1,4859442,4294.23
Lutheran8355801,4152.46
Judaism5674611,0281.79
Old Believer5336890.15
Armenian Catholic5824820.14
Reformed701710.12
Karaite186240.04
Anglican4260.01
Mennonite0220.00
Baptist1010.00
Other Christian denomination5050.01
Other non-Christian denomination170170.03
TOTAL 34,776 22,702 57,478 100.00
Linguistic composition of urban settlements in the Black Sea Governorate in 1897[7]
Urban settlement Russian Ukrainian Greek TOTAL
Number % Number % Number %
Novorossiysk10,86064.272,17712.889315.5116,897
Tuapse82759.411168.3318913.581,392
Sochi51337.9426919.90261.921,352
TOTAL 12,200 62.11 2,562 13.04 1,146 5.83 19,641

Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Black Sea Governorate had a population of 178,306 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 104,488 men and 73,818 women, 108,893 of whom were the permanent population, and 69,413 were temporary residents:[3]

Nationality Urban Rural TOTAL
Number % Number % Number %
Russians 65,582 79.28 54,339 56.85 119,921 67.26
Other Europeans 6,246 7.55 15,107 15.80 21,353 11.98
Armenians 2,347 2.84 15,712 16.44 18,059 10.13
Georgians 1,750 2.12 4,336 4.54 6,086 3.41
Asiatic Christians 3,407 4.12 1,932 2.02 5,339 2.99
North Caucasians 672 0.81 3,426 3.58 4,104 2.30
Jews 1,784 2.16 9 0.01 1,793 1.01
Shia Muslims[lower-alpha 3] 922 1.11 649 0.68 1,571 0.88
Sunni Muslims[lower-alpha 4] 12 0.01 56 0.06 68 0.04
Roma 0 0.00 12 0.01 12 0.01
TOTAL 82,722 100.00 95,584 100.00 178,306 100.00

Notes
    • Russian: Черномо́рская губе́рнія, romanized: Chernomórskaya gubérniya
  2. Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[4][5]
  3. Primarily Tatars.[8]
  4. Primarily Turco-Tatars.[8]

References
  1. Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Черноморская губерния. Том 4. 1907. (Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, vol. 4. 1907.)
  2. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  3. Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 214–217.
  4. Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
  5. Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
  6. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
  7. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
  8. Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.

Bibliography

44.7167°N 37.7667°E / 44.7167; 37.7667

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