Blanc-Sablon

Blanc-Sablon is the easternmost community in Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in the province of Quebec, Canada. With a population of 1,122 inhabitants in 2021,[5] it is the most populous community in the county municipality.

Blanc-Sablon
Location within Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent RCM
Location within Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent RCM
Blanc-Sablon is located in Côte-Nord region, Quebec
Blanc-Sablon
Blanc-Sablon
Location in Côte-Nord Region of Quebec
Coordinates: 51°25′03″N 57°11′08″W[1][3]
CountryCanada
ProvinceQuebec
RegionCôte-Nord
RCMLe Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent
Settled19th century
ConstitutedJanuary 1, 1990
Government
  MayorAndrew Etheridge
  Federal ridingManicouagan
  Provincial ridingDuplessis
Area
  Total376.50 km2 (145.37 sq mi)
  Land234.98 km2 (90.73 sq mi)
Elevation
2 m (7 ft)
Population
 (2021)[5]
  Total1,122
  Density4.8/km2 (12/sq mi)
  Pop 2021-2016
Increase 0.9%
  Dwellings
503
Time zoneUTC-04:00 (AST)
Postal code(s)
Area codes418 and 581
Highways R-138
Route 510 (Trans-Labrador Highway)
GNBC CodeEOACK
NTS Map012P06
Websitehttp://www.municipalitedeblancsablon.ca/en/

History

Blanc-Sablon 1908

The place was already known to early European explorers who may have named it after the fine white sand of the eponymous bay (blanc means "white", whereas sablon is the diminutive form of sable meaning "sand"). Or it may be named after Blancs-Sablons Cove in Saint-Malo, home town of Jacques Cartier, who landed at the place in 1534 and set up a cross near the current site of Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon.[3]

During the 16th and 17th centuries, Basque and Portuguese fishermen seasonally frequented the area. In 1704, Augustin le Gardeur de Courtemanche, landlord of the lower Côte-Nord at that time, built Fort Pontchartrain at the current location of Brador. Permanent settlement did not begin until the 19th century with the arrival of French Canadians, Acadians, and Jersey settlers. In 1858, the Mission of Longue-Pointe-de-Blanc-Sablon was established and took the name Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon or Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes at the end of 19th century. In 1884, the post office opened.[3][6]

The area was first incorporated in 1963 as part of the Municipality of Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent, but separated on January 1, 1990, and became the Municipality of Blanc-Sablon.[3]

Fifty hectares of land in Blanc-Sablon were designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 2007, as they contain over 60 archaeological sites relating to 9000 years of human occupation, including the Archaic, Dorset and European periods.[7]

Geography

Blanc-Sablon is located on the north coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence near the entrance of the Strait of Belle Isle. Two significant bays, Brador and Blanc-Sablon, mark its shores and the headland that separates these bays is dominated by Mont Parent, a 100 m (330 ft) high flat-topped hill named after Martin Parent, a local fisherman in the middle of the 19th century.[8] The municipality borders Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent to the south-west, and L'Anse-au-Clair, Labrador, to the north-east.

The "Barachois" in Blanc-Sablon, in Quebec

The estuary of the Brador River and Blanc-Sablon River has a lagoon designated barachois, separated from the sea by sand or gravel. Seawater enters at high tide.

The Blanc-Sablon archipelago is located off the coasts of the villages of Blanc-Sablon and Brador and includes Long Island, Lazy Island, Basin Island, Island of the Parrots, Wood Island and Greenly, housing the Bird Sanctuary of Brador Bay.

The municipality of Blanc-Sablon has several land protrusions into the Gulf of St. Lawrence; from east to west, they are Point Saint-Charles, Morel's Point, Lazy Point, Hunting Point, "À la Barque" Point, Cape Crow and Point Jones.

Time zone

Blanc Sablon is located in the Atlantic Time Zone (Atlantic Standard Time or AST). The offset of the applicable time relative to UTC is -04:00 In accordance with the applicable time and longitude, the average solar noon in Blanc Sablon occurs at 11:48. Blanc Sablon is the only village where local time coincides with zone time.

Climate

Blanc-Sablon experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc). It has short, cool summers, and very long and snowy winters: the mean snowfall is 375.3 cm (147.8 in). Although its latitude is only 51 degrees north, and its climate is tempered by the Atlantic Ocean, it experiences a much colder climate than other localities at the same latitude due to the cold Labrador Current. For example, London, England, on the same latitude, has an annual mean that is nearly 10 °C (18 °F) milder, and inland Calgary, despite being around 1,050 m (3,440 ft) above sea level, is still almost 4 °C (7.2 °F) warmer despite recording extreme minima about 11 °C (20 °F) colder.

Climate data for Blanc-Sablon (Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon Airport)
WMO ID: 71808; coordinates 51°27′N 57°11′W; elevation: 37.2 m (122 ft); 1981–2010 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high humidex 9.6 12.6 7.3 18.6 24.4 28.0 31.4 30.3 28.7 20.3 18.0 7.8 31.4
Record high °C (°F) 9.1
(48.4)
8.3
(46.9)
10.4
(50.7)
19.2
(66.6)
20.5
(68.9)
26.0
(78.8)
27.1
(80.8)
28.1
(82.6)
23.3
(73.9)
21.0
(69.8)
16.2
(61.2)
7.8
(46.0)
28.1
(82.6)
Average high °C (°F) −7.7
(18.1)
−7.4
(18.7)
−3.0
(26.6)
2.5
(36.5)
7.9
(46.2)
12.3
(54.1)
15.7
(60.3)
16.6
(61.9)
12.9
(55.2)
7.1
(44.8)
2.1
(35.8)
−3.8
(25.2)
4.6
(40.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.7
(9.1)
−12
(10)
−7.3
(18.9)
−1.0
(30.2)
3.8
(38.8)
8.3
(46.9)
12.0
(53.6)
12.8
(55.0)
9.0
(48.2)
3.6
(38.5)
−1.5
(29.3)
−8.1
(17.4)
0.6
(33.1)
Average low °C (°F) −17.5
(0.5)
−16.5
(2.3)
−11.4
(11.5)
−4.4
(24.1)
−0.3
(31.5)
4.2
(39.6)
8.1
(46.6)
9.0
(48.2)
5.0
(41.0)
0.2
(32.4)
−5.1
(22.8)
−12.4
(9.7)
−3.4
(25.9)
Record low °C (°F) −32.3
(−26.1)
−34.1
(−29.4)
−32.5
(−26.5)
−23.0
(−9.4)
−11.1
(12.0)
−3.6
(25.5)
0.0
(32.0)
1.8
(35.2)
−4.8
(23.4)
−10.4
(13.3)
−18.9
(−2.0)
−30.2
(−22.4)
−34.1
(−29.4)
Record low wind chill −48 −48 −48 −34 −16 −7 0 0 −9 −22 −31 −47 −48
Average precipitation mm (inches) 97.2
(3.83)
83.8
(3.30)
80.1
(3.15)
49.9
(1.96)
69.4
(2.73)
92.0
(3.62)
102.0
(4.02)
96.3
(3.79)
88.8
(3.50)
87.8
(3.46)
74.9
(2.95)
99.6
(3.92)
1,021.7
(40.22)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 11.8
(0.46)
7.9
(0.31)
11.5
(0.45)
20.5
(0.81)
62.0
(2.44)
91.4
(3.60)
101.9
(4.01)
96.3
(3.79)
88.8
(3.50)
81.9
(3.22)
48.0
(1.89)
24.1
(0.95)
646.0
(25.43)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 85.4
(33.6)
75.7
(29.8)
68.6
(27.0)
29.1
(11.5)
7.4
(2.9)
0.66
(0.26)
0.02
(0.01)
0.0
(0.0)
0.03
(0.01)
6.0
(2.4)
26.9
(10.6)
75.5
(29.7)
375.3
(147.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 17.5 16.9 17.0 13.9 15.1 16.0 17.4 15.1 14.5 15.5 15.8 17.9 192.7
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 2.8 2.4 4.5 7.3 13.2 16.0 17.4 15.1 14.5 14.5 9.8 5.2 122.5
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 16.5 15.9 15.1 8.7 2.9 0.32 0.04 0.0 0.04 2.3 8.6 15.6 86.1
Average relative humidity (%) (at 1500 LST) 73.3 73.8 77.1 77 72.2 76.4 81.7 79.9 77.1 75.7 76.5 76.1 76.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 93.9 106.7 111.7 137.6 157.5 165.3 141.9 159.0 128.9 106.2 85.1 75.8 1,469.4
Percent possible sunshine 36.0 37.9 30.4 33.1 32.6 33.3 28.4 35.2 33.9 32.0 31.8 30.8 32.9
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[9]

Communities

Fishing boat in Blanc-Sablon harbour

The municipality includes three villages: Blanc-Sablon, Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon, and Brador Bay.

Blanc-Sablon

Blanc-Sablon is located about one kilometre east of Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon directly on the Blanc-Sablon Bay. It had a population of 116 in 2016.[10] The wharf and the ferry to St. Barbe, Newfoundland and Labrador are located in the town.

Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon

Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon (51°24′41″N 57°12′11″W[11]) is the largest community in the municipality, and is located on the headland that separates Brador Bay from Blanc-Sablon Bay. It was originally known as Longue-Pointe (Long Point) until the beginning of the 20th century. It has a small natural harbour, and long depended on the fishing business.[12]

Brador

Brador or Brador Bay (51°27′40″N 57°14′44″W[13]) is on the eastern shore of the namesake bay, 7 km (4.3 mi) north of the village of Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon. While known in the 18th century as Fort Pontchartrain and Phélipeaux Bay, its current name is the shortened form of Labrador. In French, the syllable la is a definite article, and in documents from the 17th and 18th century, this syllable was considered as such and separated from the rest of the name. François Martel de Brouague, the King's Commander of this region from 1714 to 1760, referred to this location as: "A la Baye de Phélipeaux, coste de la Brador" ("At the Bay of Phélipeaux, coast of the Brador").[14]

Demographics

Population

Canada census – Blanc-Sablon community profile
202120162011
Population1,122 (+0.9% from 2016)1112 (-0.5% from 2011)1,118 (-11.5% from 2006)
Land area234.98 km2 (90.73 sq mi)247.94 km2 (95.73 sq mi)247.63 km2 (95.61 sq mi)
Population density4.8/km2 (12/sq mi)4.5/km2 (12/sq mi)4.5/km2 (12/sq mi)
Median age46.0 (M: 47.2, F: 45.2)45.7 (M: 45.7, F: 45.8)43.5 (M: 43.7, F: 43.4)
Private dwellings503 (total)  464 (occupied)460 (total)  508 (total) 
Median household income$89,000$81,664$66,241
References: 2021[15] 2016[16] 2011[17] earlier[18][19]
Historical Census Data - Blanc-Sablon, Quebec
YearPop.±%
1991 1,211    
1996 1,248+3.1%
2001 1,201−3.8%
2006 1,263+5.2%
YearPop.±%
2011 1,118−11.5%
2016 1,112−0.5%
2021 1,122+0.9%
Source: Statistics Canada[20]

Language

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Blanc-Sablon, Quebec[20]
Census Total
French
English
French & English
Other
Year Responses Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop %
2021
1,090
225 Decrease 21.1% 20.6% 820 Increase 4.5% 75.2% 35 Increase 133.3% 3.2% 10 Increase 100.0% 0.9%
2016
1,095
285 Decrease 9.5% 26.0% 785 Increase 6.1% 71.7% 15 Decrease 25.0% 1.4% 5 Steady 0.0% 0.5%
2011
1,080
315 Decrease 4.5% 29.2% 740 Decrease 15.9% 68.5% 20 Decrease 42.9% 1.9% 5 Increase n/a% 0.5%
2006
1,245
330 Decrease 16.5% 26.5% 880 Increase 15.9% 70.7% 35 Decrease 30.0% 2.8% 0 Steady 0.0% 0.0%
2001
1,185
395 Increase 11.4% 33.3% 740 Decrease 13.5% 62.5% 50 Increase 30.0% 4.2% 0 Steady 0.0% 0.0%
1996
1,240
350 n/a 28.2% 855 n/a 69.0% 35 n/a 2.8% 0 n/a 0.0%

Infrastructure

Ferry services

Being at the eastern end of the Côte-Nord region, Blanc-Sablon is served by a ferry for the communities along the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, connecting with the coastal communities of Saint-Augustin, Gros-Mécatina, Tête-à-la-Baleine, Harrington Harbour, La Romaine and Kegashka, as well as Anticosti Island at Port-Menier. This service is funded by the Government of Quebec. The ferry service's main goal is to make up for the 425 km (264 mi) gap in Route 138, which remains unbuilt between Kegashka and Old Fort (in Bonne-Espérance).

Blanc-Sablon is also the northern terminus of a ferry service across the Strait of Belle Isle to the island of Newfoundland, mainly serving as a connection with nearby Labrador.[21] This 28 km (17 mi)-long ferry service, operated by the MV Qajaq W, is funded entirely by the government of Newfoundland and Labrador and connects with a southern terminus at St. Barbe on Newfoundland island's Great Northern Peninsula. During winter months, ice conditions sometimes require the service to divert to Corner Brook instead of St. Barbe.[22]

Road access

At present, Blanc-Sablon is inaccessible directly via the rest of the Quebec road network. From the west, Route 138 has been built to the village of Kegashka; then following a 425 km (264 mi) gap, a 69 km (43 mi) segment restarts at the village of Old Fort and continues to Blanc-Sablon, ending at the border with Labrador near L'Anse-au-Clair where it becomes the Trans-Labrador Highway (Route 510). To travel to the rest of Quebec from Blanc-Sablon, a traveller can take the Relais Nordik ferry (not drive-on/off, but can accommodate cars in shipping containers), or drive via Route 510 for approximately 1,128 km (701 mi) to Wabush on the border of Labrador and Quebec; then 594 km (369 mi) of Route 389 from Wabush to Baie-Comeau to points further on like Quebec City or Montreal, passing to the east of Manicouagan Reservoir. This trip by the north (between Baie-Comeau and Blanc-Sablon) is 1,722 km (1,070 mi). Once Route 138 is eventually completed, the road distance between Baie-Comeau and Blanc-Sablon is estimated to be between 1,045 km (649 mi) to 1,067 km (663 mi); thereby reducing the distance about 38%.

The Quebec government annually plans, invests and works towards connecting Quebec with Labrador via Blanc-Sablon with the completion of Route 138.

Air travel

The Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon Airport provides scheduled air service to Blanc-Sablon.

Education

Centre de services scolaire du Littoral operates:[23]

  • Mgr-Scheffer School (anglophone and francophone) in Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon
  • St-Theresa School (for adults) in Blanc-Sablon

See also

References

  1. "Blanc-Sablon". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  2. "Blanc-Sablon". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  3. "Blanc-Sablon (Municipalité)" (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
  4. "Blanc-Sablon". Répertoire des municipalités (in French). Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire. Archived from the original on May 1, 2012. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
  5. "Data table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Blanc-Sablon, Municipalité (MÉ) [Census subdivision], Quebec". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Government of Canada - Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  6. "Discover the region > Our villages > Blanc Sablon". Tourism Lower North Shore. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
  7. Blanc-Sablon. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  8. "Mont Parent (colline)" (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
  9. "Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon Airport A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. May 15, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  10. "Census profile, 2016". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  11. "Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  12. "Lourdes-de-Blanc-Sablon (village)" (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
  13. "Brador". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  14. "Brador (hameau)" (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
  15. "2021 Community Profiles". 2021 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. February 4, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  16. "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. August 12, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  17. "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. March 21, 2019. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
  18. "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. August 20, 2019.
  19. "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. July 18, 2021.
  20. 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census
  21. "St. Barbe - Blanc Sablon (Strait of Belle Isle Area)". Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. January 31, 2020. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  22. "Alternate route being taken for Labrador ferry". SaltWire Network. February 20, 2020. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  23. "Schools and centres". Commission scolaire du Littoral. Archived from the original on September 23, 2017. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
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