List of footballers killed during World War II

Many former professional and top-level association footballers lost their lives during World War II, either while serving in their own or other countries' armed forces, as civilian casualties of enemy action or in enemy captivity. In addition, a number of Jewish players became victims of the Nazi Holocaust.[1]

In the case of players whose countries were annexed by others or who migrated from their country of birth, they are classified under the nation of football association in which they spent most if not all of their playing careers.

Those who died as a result of the war or service in it, include:

Austria
  • Heinrich Belohlavek – midfielder who played in the national team in one match (1910), and for Vienna club SC Rudolfshugel. A political resister of the Nazi regime following the annexation by Germany in 1938, he was arrested for running a cell of the banned Austrian Communist Party at his factory and executed by beheading at Plotzensee Prison, Berlin, on 2 March 1943 aged 53.[2]
  • Franz Cisar – played in the national team (1933–34), as well as for Hertha Wien (1926–29), Wiener A.C. (1929–35), Czech teams Moravska Slavia Brno (1935–36) and SK Prostejov (1937–39) and French club F.C. Metz (1936–37). An Obergefreiter (Corporal) in a German Army tank regiment, he was killed in action on the Eastern Front in Russia in August 1943 aged 34.[3]
  • Fritz Dunmann – Jewish striker who played in the national team (1906–07), and for Rapid Wien. He was imprisoned in 1941 and ultimately deported to Auschwitz concentration camp where he was killed on 5 June 1942 aged 57.[4]
  • Otto Fischer – a Jewish player in the national team (1923–28) and for Hakoah Vienna (1926–30), and was coach for Italian club S.S.C. Napoli (1928) and Olimpia Liepaja in Latvia where he settled in 1936. Following German occupation of Latvia, he was killed in the Liepāja massacres, on 1 July 1941 aged 40.[5][1]
  • Karl Gall – played in the national team (1931–36). A Gefreiter (lance corporal) in the German army, he was killed in action on the Eastern Front near Staraya Russa, Russia, on 27 February 1943 aged 37.[6]
  • Leopold Giebisch – played in the national team (1927–29). An Unteroffizier (corporal) in the German army, he was killed in action on the Eastern Front at Pillau, East Prussia, on 20 April 1945 aged 43.[7]
  • Wilhelm Holec – a striker who played in the national team (1935). Played for SK Viktoria XXI (1932), First Vienna FC (1932–37) and SK Rapid Wien (1937–42). Reported missing in action serving under German command in Broasca, Romania, on the Eastern Front on 23 August 1944 aged 30.[8]
  • Franz Jelinek – a forward who represented Germany (1940) after the Anschluss. Played for Wiener Sport-Club. He served as a corporal in the German army and was killed in action in Italy on 20 May 1944 aged 21.[9]
  • Eduard Kanhauser – goalkeeper who appeared in the national team (1922–25). Played for Wiener Sport-Club (1921–26). An Unteroffizier in the German Army, he was reported missing in action in Italy on 22 May 1944 aged 42.[10]
  • Franz Kellinger – played in the national team (1929). A soldat (private) in the German army, he died while serving at Barlad, Romania, on 14 June 1941 aged 35.[11]
  • Ernst Künz – competed internationally at the 1936 Summer Olympics two years before the Anschluss. He was killed in action serving on the Eastern Front under German command in Lithuania on 21 August 1944 aged 32.[12]
  • Fritz Löhner-Beda – though better known as a lyricist and librettist, he was a founder player with Hakoah Vienna in 1909. Jewish, he was arrested after the German annexation of Austria and was in concentration camps the rest of his life. Beaten to death at Auschitz Monowitz III camp in Poland on 4 December 1942 aged 59.[13][14]
  • Franz Riegler II – a forward whose senior career was spent entirely under the Nazi Anschluss, enabling him to appear in the national team (1941–42). Played for Austria Wien (1939–43) and LSV Markersdorf/Peilach (1943–44). A civilian in the war apart from service in the Wehrmacht during 1942–43,[15] he was killed in an Allied air raid on Vienna on 15 February 1945 aged 23.[16]
  • Max Scheuer – Jewish player in the national team (1923). Played for Hakoah Vienna and later in French team Olympique de Marseille. He was arrested by the Nazis while trying to flee France and via Drancy internment camp was deported to Auschwitz concentration camp where he died after August 1941.[1][17]
  • Karl Stürmer – played in the national team (1903–05). Played for First Vienna in 1898 and Wiener A.C., which he managed 1918–19 before settling into managing a series of teams in Italy including Reggiana (1920–22 and 1924–26), Torino (1922–24, 1929–30), Alessandria (1931-31 and 1936–37), Lazio (1932–34), Cremonese (1940–41), Verona (1941–42) and Cesena (1942–43). He was arrested by occupying German troops and shot at Faenza in 1943 aged 60.[18]
  • Karl Wahlmuller – competed internationally at the 1936 Summer Olympics as midfielder. Played for SV Ufahr Linz and LSV Adlerhorst Weis. He was killed in action serving under German command on the Eastern Front[19] in Toila, Estonia, on 16 February 1944 aged 30.[20]
  • Walter Werginz – competed internationally at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was killed in action serving under German command in the Ukraine on the Eastern Front on 21 March 1942 aged 31.[12]

Belgium
  • Henri Bierna – non-playing reserve member at the 1928 Summer Olympics, competed internationally in the national team (1927–28), and domestically for US Liege (1926–39). A civilian in the war, he was killed in an American air raid on Waremme, Belgium, on 28 August 1944 aged 38.[21]
  • Frans Christiaens – goalkeeper with the national team (1935–36), who played for Lierse S.K. 1925–43. A civilian in the war, he was killed in an American air raid on Mortsel, Belgium, on 5 May 1943 aged 29.[22]
  • Hector Goetinck – played in the national team (1906–23), and twice managed it (1930–34 and 1939–40). Midfielder with the Club Brugge (1903–14 and 1919–28) and their manager (1930–33), as well as with A.S. Oostende (1933–39). A civilian in the war, he was killed in an air raid at Knokke-Heist, Belgium, on 26 June 1943 aged 57.[23]
  • Rene Joannes-Powell – played in youth for FC Liege until 1910, subsequently branching out into field and track sport, for which he became more distinguished as a hurdler. A civilian in the war, he was accidentally killed as a spectator to the deliberate destruction of a bridge at Liège in attempt to halt the German invasion of Belgium on 11 May 1940 aged 44.[24]
  • Jean Petit – played four times with the national team in 1938. Defender with Standard de Liege (1930–30). A civilian doctor in the war, he was killed in an Allied air raid on Liege, Belgium, on 25 May 1944 aged 30.[25]

China

Czechoslovakia
  • František Kloz – in the national team (1929–37) and twice top First League goalscorer (1931 and 1937). Played mainly for SK Kladno between 1928 and 1940, where he became manager (1942–43), and for SK Slavia Praha (1931) and Sparta Prague (1933). Anti-Nazi during his country's German occupation while continuing to professionally play, he was wounded when as a civilian volunteer he took part in a raid on an ammunition store in May and died in hospital at Louny on 13 June 1945 aged 40.[27]

Estonia
  • Erich Altosaar – though better known as basketball player, he played for JK Tallinna Kalev when they won the 1930 Estonian Football Championship. A civilian police officer, after Estonia's annexation by the Soviet Union, he was arrested by the NKVD on charge of anti-Soviet activity and shot at a Gulag camp in Kirov Oblast, Russia, on 11 October 1941 aged 33.[28][12]
  • Eduard Eelma (known until 1936 as Eduard-Wilhelm Ellman) – competed internationally at the 1924 Summer Olympics, in the national team (1921–35). He was arrested by the NKVD following Estonia's annexation by the Soviet Union, deported to Siberia and executed in prison at Kirov on 16 November 1941 aged 39.[12][29]
  • Harald Kaarmann – competed internationally at the 1924 Summer Olympics, in the national team (1921–26). A civilian state policeman in Estonia, he was arrested by Soviet authorities in 1941 following the Soviet annexation and deported to Siberia where he was executed at a prison camp in Sverdlovsk on 19 August 1942 aged 40.[12][30]
  • Valter Neeris – played in the national team (1934–40). Mobilized into the Red Army in 1941, killed in action in Battle of Velikiye Luki on 30 December 1942 aged 27.[31]
  • Heinrich Paal – competed internationally at the 1924 Summer Olympics, in the national team (1920–30). Deported to Siberia following Soviet annexation he died in prison camp at Vyatlag on 20 September 1942 aged 47.[12][32]
  • Egon Parbo – played in the national team (1931–39). Arrested by the NKVD in 1941 and died in a prison camp in Sosva on 24 April 1942 aged 32.[33]
  • Voldemar Rõks – played in the national team (1923–24) and for JK Tallinna Kalev in 1923–24. A bank official, he was deported to Siberia and died in Soviet prison camp at Solikamsk on 27 December 1941 aged 40.[34]
  • Otto Silber – competed internationally at the 1924 Summer Olympics, in the national team (1920–26). Founder player for TJK in 1920–25, and also a referee. A former Estonian soldier, he was arrested by the NKVD and executed in Saue, Estonia, on 23 December 1940 aged 47.[35]
  • Elmar Tepp – played in the national team (1937–40). Conscripted into the Red Army in 1941 and became a prisoner of war of the Germans during the Battle of Velikiye Luki. He was released in a later Soviet advance and subsequently sentenced to death by Soviet authorities, which was later commuted to a fifteen-year prison sentence. He died in prison in Kalinin, Russia on 11 March 1943 aged 30.[36]
  • Heinrich Uukkivi – played in the national team (1931–40) and five times winning player in Estonian Football Championships. Played for TJK (1928–31). Following the Soviet annexation he was conscripted into the Red Army and taken prisoner of war in the Battle of Velikiye Luki in 1941, released in a later Soviet advance and subsequently sentenced to imprisonment in the Gulag. He died in prison camp at Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, on 12 April 1943 aged 30.[37]
  • Hugo Väli – competed internationally at the 1924 Summer Olympics and in the national team (1923–25). Deported to Siberia and died in Soviet prison camp at Sverdlovsk during 1943.[12]

Finland

France

Germany
  • Willi Arlt – national team (1939–42). Played for Riesaer SV (1937–42). An Unteroffizier (sergeant) in the German Army, he survived the war but died in Soviet prisoner of war camp in Karachev, Russia on 27 July 1947 aged 27.[53]
  • Karl Auer – German international footballer (1924–26). Played for SpVgg Fürth (1917–30) and Würzburger FV (1930–31). A police sergeant-major in the German army, he was killed in action on the Eastern Front on 22 February 1945 aged 41.[54]
  • Walter Berg – German international footballer (1938). Played for SV Kray 04 to 1935, Schalke 04 (1935–39 and 1940–44) and Hamburger SV (1940). A Gefreiter (private) in the German army, he survived the war but died a prisoner of war after being captured by Soviet forces in Milin, Czechoslovakia, on 12 May 1949 aged 33.[55]
  • Walter Claus-Oehler – German international footballer (1923). Played for Arminia Bielefeld (1918–35). A Hauptmann (captain) in the German army, he died on active service at Rennes, France, on 14 December 1941 aged 44.[56]
  • Jakob Eckert – in reserve member at the 1936 Summer Olympics. German international footballer (1937). Played for Wormatia Worms. A private in the German army, he died in action in the Battle of France at Villers-Carbonnel on 5 June 1940 aged 23.[57]
  • Georg Frank – German national footballer (1927–30). Played for SpVgg Fürth (1926–44). A corporal in the German army, he was killed in action at Skarzysko-Kamienna, Poland, on 13 November 1944 aged 36.[58]
  • Hermann Gramlich – German national footballer (1934). Played in FC 08 Villingen. A corporal in the German Army, he died in action on the Eastern Front in Bardino, Russia, on 6 February 1942 aged 28.[59]
  • Julius Hirsch – competed internationally at the 1912 Summer Olympics, in the national team (in 1911) – its first Jewish player. Player and coach for Karlsruher FV until 1943 was made to resign under Nazi regime. Deported 2 March 1943 when aged 50 to Auschwitz concentration camp where he was legally declared to have died on 8 May 1945,[60][1] although it is alternatively believed he may have been gassed on arrival.[61]
  • Friedel Holz – German international footballer (1938). Played for Duisburg 99. A corporal in the German army, he was killed in action in the Battle of Crete on 20 May 1941 aged 22.[62]
  • Adolf Jäger – competed internationally at the 1912 Summer Olympics, and an international footballer (1908–24). A civilian in the war, he was killed after an air raid while on bomb sweep work in Hamburg on 21 November 1944 aged 55.[12]
  • Werner Klaas – German international footballer (1935). Played for Militar SV Koblenz. An Oberleutnant (senior lieutenant) in the German army, he was killed in action in Czechoslovakia between 30 March and 3 April 1945 aged 30.[63]
  • August Klingler – German international footballer (1942), scored three goals in Germany's final international during World War II in November 1942, killed on the Eastern Front 23 November 1944 aged 26.[64]
  • Georg Köhl – German international footballer (1937). Played for 1.FC Nürnberg. A soldier in the German army, he died in hospital in Krakow, Poland, from wounds received in action on the Eastern Front on 15 January 1944 aged 33.[65]
  • Hans Lang – German international footballer (1922–26). Played for BC Augsburg (1920–21), SpVgg Fürth (1921–23) and Hamburger SV (1924–30) which he managed in 1935–39. An Oberfeldwebel in the Luftwaffe, he died from a heart attack at Aalborg Air Base, Denmark, on 27 April 1943 aged 44.[66]
  • Ludwig Leinberger – competed internationally at the 1928 Summer Olympics and in the national team (1927–33). Competed domestically in: SpVg Fürth (1925–33) and Kölner CfR (1933–36). Inducted into German army in 1941, he died after appendicitis surgery at a military hospital in Bad Pyrmont, Germany, on 3 March 1943 aged 39.[12]
  • Richard Malik – German international footballer (1932–33). Played for Beuthener SuSV 09. Drafted in the German army he was reported killed at unknown place on the Eastern Front on 20 January 1945 aged 35.[67]
  • Hugo Mantel – German international footballer (1927–33). Played for Dresdner SC (1925–28), Eintracht Frankfurt (1928–38) and Frankfurter Germania (1938–42). A private in the German army, he died on the Eastern Front at Berdychiv, Ukraine, on 11 February 1942 aged 34.[68]
  • Hans Mengel – German international footballer (1938). Played for TuRU Düsseldorf. A soldier in the German army, he was reported missing in action on the Eastern Front in Russia on 1 January 1943 aged 25.[69]
  • Rudolf Noack – striker who was German international footballer (1934–37), notably in 1934 FIFA World Cup. Played for Hamburger SV (1931–45). A corporal in a German Army anti-aircraft unit, he was captured by Soviet forces in Bohemia in 1945 and died in captivity at POW camp at Rakitianka near Orsk, Russia, on about 30 June 1947 aged 34.[70]
  • Alfred Picard – German international footballer (1939). Played for TSG Ulm 1846. A lieutenant in the German army, he was killed in action in Cloppenburg, Germany, on 12 April 1945 aged 32.[71]
  • Ludwig Schmitt – played for Eintracht Frankfurt (1930–38). Died in Soviet captivity on the Eastern Front after 1941.[72]
  • Helmut Sievert – German international footballer (1936). Played for Hannover 96 (1932–41) and Eintracht Braunschweig (1943–44). A sergeant in the German army, he died serving at Benešov, Czechoslovakia, on 28 March 1945 aged 30.[73]
  • Heinrich Sonnrein – goalkeeper who was German international footballer (1935–36). Played for FC Hanau 93 (1930–42). A lieutenant in the German army, he was killed in Italy at the Battle of Monte Cassino on 3 February 1944 aged 32.[74]
  • Wolfgang Strobel – German international footballer (1922–24). Played for 1. FC Nürnberg (1917–30). A civilian in the war who served as an auxiliary policeman, he was shot dead by invading American troops at Bad Kreuznach, Germany, on 19 April 1945 aged 48.[75]
  • Willi Tiefel – German international footballer (1935–36). Played for Eintracht Frankfurt (1932–36), Berliner SV (1936–40) and BSC Brandenburg (1940–41). A private in the German army, he died serving on the Eastern Front at Narva, Estonia, on 28 August 1941 aged 30.[76]
  • Adolf Urban – competed internationally at the 1912 Summer Olympics, and international footballer (1935–41). Played for Schalke 04. An infantryman in the German army, he died of wounds on the Eastern Front at Staraya Russa, Russia, on 23 May 1943 aged 29.[12][77]
  • Werner Widmayer – German international footballer (1931). Played for Holstein Kiel. A first lieutenant in the German army, he died serving on the Eastern Front in Semenivka, Ukraine, on 19 June 1942 aged 33.[78]
  • Carl Zörner – German international footballer (1923). Played for SC 99 Köln. A Hauptmann (captain) in the German army, he died serving on the Eastern Front in Vyazma, Russia, on 12 October 1941 aged 46.[79]

Great Britain

Greece

Hungary

Indonesia (Netherlands East Indies to 1945)

Italy

Japan

Latvia
  • Kārlis Bone – competed internationally at the 1924 Summer Olympics and in the national team (1920–24). Deported by Soviet authorities following annexation of Latvia to Siberia where he died in prison camp at Sevurallag, Russia, on 13 November 1941 aged 42.[210][12][211]
  • Adolfs Greble – competed internationally in the national team (1923–29). A civilian journalist and pre-war member of the fascist Perkonkrusts movement, he was deported by Soviet authorities to the Gulag in 1941 after being deemed 'socially dangerous', and died in prison camp at Vyatlaga, Russia, on 30 March 1943 aged 40.[212]
  • Alfrēds Plade – In one match for national team (1923) and also in the 1924 Summer Olympics though did not play. During German occupation he joined the Latvian Auxiliary Police and was killed on the Eastern Front on 29 March 1944 aged 38.[213][214][215]
  • Eriks Raisters – in the national team (1934–40). Played for JKS Riga (1931–33), RFK (1934–40), Dinamo Riga (1940) and Belorussia team Dynamo Minsk (1941). He was drafted into the Red Army and died of pneumonia in camp at Gorohovica, Russia, on 25 May 1942 aged 28.[216]
  • Janis Rozitis – in football team 1934–39. Played for RFK (1930–36) and VEF (1937–42). A civilian in the war, he was killed in an accidental explosion when removing German Army munitions from storage on VEF's ground in Riga on 3 May 1942 aged 29.[217]
  • Aleksandrs Stankus – in the national team 1930–37. Played for Liepaja Olympia 1926–36 and Riga ASK (1937–38). Missing in action serving with the Latvian Legion of the German Waffen SS on the Eastern Front in Dzukste, Latvia, on 23 December 1944 aged 31.[218]

Lithuania
  • Kestutis Bulota – a champion in multiple sports, he played for LFLS Kaunas in 1922–23 when he won the first two national football championships. He was deported following Soviet annexation of Lithuania to Siberia on 14 June 1941 when aged 44, subsequently being shot by sentry trying to escape from a Gulag camp.[219][12]
  • Romualdas Marcinkus – appeared in the Lithuanian national team in 1927, later becoming the team's playing manager (1932 and 1935–37). Played for LFLS Kaunas while pursuing peacetime career in the Lithuanian Air Force. During 1940 he left Lithuania before the Soviet annexation of his country and served in the French Air Force before joining the British RAFVR, ultimately becoming Flight Lieutenant, being shot down and made prisoner of war in Germany in 1942. While taking part in the Great Escape from the Stalag Luft III camp he was captured by the Gestapo at Danzig and shot nearby on 29 March 1944 aged 36.[220][221]

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway
  • Sigurd Wathne – competed internationally at the 1920 Summer Olympics and for SK Brann. A seaman in the Norwegian Merchant Navy in the war, he was wounded when his ship was sunk by German aircraft in British waters and died in hospital at Swansea, Wales on 26 March 1942 aged 44.[12][238]

Philippines
  • Virgilio Lobregat – Filipino international footballer, who played for the Philippines at the 1925 Far Eastern Games. Was a guerilla and spy aligned with the Allies, and was beheaded after his capture by the Imperial Japanese soldiers at Manila on 30 August 1944 aged 43.[239]

Poland

Romania

Soviet Union
  • Sergei Filippov – striker who appeared in 1912 Summer Olympics for the Russian Empire. Had career in series of St Petersburg/Leningrad clubs (1911–27). A civilian in the war, he died during the Siege of Leningrad in July 1942 aged 51.[12][252]
  • Volodymyr Fomin – midfielder who played for the Soviet Union in unofficial matches during the 1920s and for Dynamo Kharkiv (1929–36), which he coached 1937–41, and also briefly managed Dynamo Kyiv in 1938. A civilian in the war, he was executed by occupying German troops in Kharkiv, Ukraine, for hiding a Jew, in spring of 1942[253]
  • Pyotr Grigoryev – striker who appeared in the national team (1924–25) and was champion player of the RSFSR (1924) and USSR (1935). Played latterly for Elektrik Leningrad (1930–38). A civilian in the war, he died during the Siege of Leningrad on 13 November 1942 aged 43.[254]
  • Olexi Klimenko – defender who played for Dynamo Kyiv and, during German occupation of Kyiv, in Start FC against German military teams, participating in the so-called Death Match in August 1942, following which he and other teammates were arrested by the Gestapo and imprisoned in Syrets concentration camp. He was executed in a reprisal shooting at the camp on 24 February 1943 aged 30.[255][256]
  • Mykola Korotkykh - played with Dynamo Kyiv to 1939 then Rotfront and Start FC in the Death Match in August 1942. He was arrested after the match by the Gestapo after hiding, having been denounced as a pre-war NKVD officer, and tortured to death by them in Kyiv in September 1942 aged 33.[257]
  • Ivan Kuzmenko – striker who played for Dynamo Kyiv and the Start FC in the Death Match. Executed in same shooting as Klimenko on 24 February 1943 aged 30.[255][256]
  • Dmitri Lagunov – defender who played in one match for the national team against Norway (1913). Played for series of St Petersburg/Leningrad clubs between 1911 and 1930. A civilian in the war he died during the siege of Leningrad on 10 February 1942 aged 53.[258]
  • Nikolai Trusevich – goalkeeper for Dynamo Kyiv and Start FC in the Death Match. Executed in same shooting as Kuzmenko and Klimenko on 24 February 1943 aged 33.[255][256]
  • Alexei Uversky – midfielder; competed internationally at the 1912 Summer Olympics for the Russian Empire. A civilian in the war, he died during the Siege of Leningrad in 1942, reportedly after being wounded on the frontline.[259][12]
  • Vladimir Vonog – midfielder appeared in the national team (1923–25), was champion player of the RSFSR in 1924 and 1926–28 and Honoured Master of Sport of the USSR in 1931. Played for FC Spartak Leningrad (1922–28) and Krasny Putilovets (1925–35). A civilian in the war, he died during the Siege of Leningrad on 16 March 1942 aged 43.[260]
  • Mikhail Yakovlev – midfielder and sometimes defender, who appeared in the 1912 Summer Olympics for the Russian Empire. A civilian in the war, he died during the Siege of Leningrad in 1942.[261]

Yugoslavia

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See also
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