Boigu Island (Queensland)

Boigu Island (also known as Malu Kiyay or Malu Kiwai) is the most northerly inhabited island of Queensland and of Australia.[2] It is part of the Top Western group of the Torres Strait Islands, which lie in the Torres Strait separating Cape York Peninsula from the island of New Guinea. The mainland of Papua New Guinea is only 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away from Boigu. Boigu has an area of 89.6 square kilometres (34.6 sq mi). Boigu Island is the name of the locality on the island within the Torres Strait Island Region.[3] Boigu is predominantly inhabited by indigenous Torres Strait Islanders. In the 2021 census, the population of the island was 199, of whom 189 people or 95% of the population identified as Indigenous Australians.[1]

Boigu Island
Boigu within the Torres Strait Islands
Boigu Island is located in Australia
Boigu Island
Boigu Island
Boigu Island (Queensland, Australia)
Geography
LocationTorres Strait
Coordinates9.2594°S 142.2127°E / -9.2594; 142.2127 (Boigu Island (centre of island))
ArchipelagoTorres Strait Islands
Area89.6 km2 (34.6 sq mi)
Length18.12 km (11.259 mi)
Width5.05 km (3.138 mi)
Highest elevation18 m (59 ft)
Highest pointunnamed
Administration
Australia
StateQueensland
LGATorres Strait Island Region
Island RegionTop Western
Largest settlementBoigu
Demographics
Population199 (2021)
Pop. density3.0/km2 (7.8/sq mi)
Ethnic groupsTorres Strait Islanders
Boigu Island
Queensland
Boigu Island is located in Queensland
Boigu Island
Boigu Island
Coordinates9.2594°S 142.2127°E / -9.2594; 142.2127
Population199 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density3.002/km2 (7.774/sq mi)
Area66.3 km2 (25.6 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
LGA(s)Torres Strait Island Region
State electorate(s)Cook
Federal division(s)Leichhardt
Suburbs around Boigu Island:
Bugi (PNG)
Boigu Island
Turnagain Island (QLD)
Church on Boigu beach

It is the largest and only inhabited island of the Talbot Islands group (9.2591°S 142.2064°E / -9.2591; 142.2064 (Talbot Islands (centre of island group))).[4]

Language and affiliations

The language of Boigu is that of the Western and Central Islands of the Torres Strait. The specific dialect is Kalau Kawau Ya, also spoken on the islands of Dauan and Saibai. The people of the three islands consider themselves as one people.

Kala Kawaw Ya (also known as Kalaw Kawaw, KKY) is one of the languages of the Torres Strait. Kala Kawaw Ya is the traditional language owned by the Top Western islands of the Torres Strait Island Region.[5]

Geography

Boigu Island is approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) long, and low-lying. It was formed by the accumulation of alluvial sediments deposited by the discharge of nearby New Guinean rivers into the Strait. These sediments built up over time on an old coral platform which rises from the shallow continental shelf, eventually creating the island.

The Island is separated from the mainland of Papua New Guinea (near the border of Kiwai Rural LLG and Morehead Rural LLG) by a stretch of water measuring 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) at its narrowest point. The island is also the closest Australian territory to the Republic of Indonesia, just 123 kilometres (76 mi) east-southeast of the southern tip of the Indonesia–Papua New Guinea border within the Merauke Regency of Western New Guinea.

The village of Boigu at the northern end of the island (9.2324°S 142.2186°E / -9.2324; 142.2186 (Boigu (village))).[6] It is the northernmost settlement of Australia, but the northernmost land is the uninhabited Bramble Cay, 173 kilometres (107 mi) to the east.[7]

Most of the island is subject to extensive periodic flooding, and as a result the community township has been built on the highest ground.

There are a number of smaller islands nearby, including:

Boigu Island Airport is on the south-western edge of the village (9.2327°S 142.2181°E / -9.2327; 142.2181 (Boigu Island Airport)).[11]

History

Boigu was visited by South Sea Islander missionaries of the London Missionary Society, some time after the establishment of a mission on nearby Saibai Island in 1871.

From the 1870s to around 1910, the Boigu, Dauan and Saibai people, along with the neighbouring Papuan peoples, were being harassed by thugeral "warriors" from the Marind-anim, fierce headhunters from what is now southeast South Papua. In literature dealing with the period, these people are generally termed 'Tuger' or 'Tugeri'. Sir William MacGregor, the Lieutenant-Governor of British New Guinea, noted in 1886 that the population was nearly extinct as a result of these raids. What he did not realise was that at the time the bulk of the population were staying with family on Saibai and Dauan for mutual protection.

According to 2004 Torres Strait Regional Authority (TSRA) figures, its resident population was approximately 340.

Malu Kiwai State School opened on 29 January 1985. In 2007, it was one of 17 schools in the Torres Strait Islands that amalgamated, becoming the Malu Kiwai Campus of Tagai State College (which has its main campus on Thursday Island).[12][13]

In the 2016 census, there were 271 people living on the island, of whom 231 identified as Indigenous Australians (107 male, 124 female).[14]

In the 2021 census, there were 199 people living on the island, of whom 189 identified as Indigenous Australians (84 male, 104 female).[1]

Ecology

The island is considered part of the New Guinea mangroves ecoregion, a subset of the Australasian realm.

The interior of the island is sparsely vegetated, and mainly swampland. The coast is fringed by mangroves, which act to protect against the island's sand and mud from sea erosion.

It is likely the mangrove regions harbour healthy populations of saltwater crocodile.

The waters surrounding the island are an important habitat for dugongs, a species of sea mammal listed as vulnerable by the IUCN.

See also: Birds of Boigu, Saibai and Dauan Islands (Torres Strait)

Education
Satellite image of Boigu Island.

The Malu Kiwai Campus of the Tagai State College is a primary (Early Childhood-6) campus of Tagai State College at School Road (9.2310°S 142.2193°E / -9.2310; 142.2193 (Tagai State College - Malu Kiwai Campus)).[15][16][17]

There is no secondary school on the island. The secondary school campus of Tagai State College is on Thursday Island.[18]

Amenities

The Torres Strait Island Regional Council operates an Indigenous Knowledge Centre (library) at 66 Chamber Street (9.2304°S 142.2208°E / -9.2304; 142.2208 (Indigenous Knowledge Centre)).[19][20] Partnering with the State Library of Queensland on many occasions over the years, and developed in consultation with the Divisional Manager and Elders on island, the IKC has seen the 2013 Culture Love Program, designed around the theme 'War and Church'.[21] During the project local Elders/Artists were employed to work alongside State Library staff to build their skills in developing and delivering creative arts and language workshops with children and young people in their communities.

With its close proximity to Papua New Guinea, each weekday PNG island traders travel 45 minutes by boat to Boigu Island to sell their products.[21]

Boigu Island Primary Health Care Centre is operated by Queensland Health on Chamber Street (9.2307°S 142.2209°E / -9.2307; 142.2209 (health centre)).[22][23]

Boigu Island Sewage Treatment Plant is on the western edge of the village on the Esplanade (9.2317°S 142.2166°E / -9.2317; 142.2166 (sewage treatment plant)).[22]

See also

References
  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Boigu Island (SAL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  2. "Boigu Island – island in the Torres Strait Island Region (entry 3484)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  3. "Boigu Island – locality in the Torres Strait Island Region (entry 46701)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  4. "Island groups - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  5. This Wikipedia article incorporates CC-BY-4.0 licensed text from: "Indigenous languages map of Queensland". State Library of Queensland. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  6. "Boigu – population centre in Torres Strait Island Regional (entry 3483)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  7. "Bramble Cay – island in the Shire of Torres (entry 4280)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  8. "Aubussi Island – island (entry 993)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  9. "Marine islands - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  10. "Moimi Island – island (entry 22437)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  11. "Airports - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 22 October 2020. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  12. Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  13. "Principal's welcome". Tagai State College. 19 May 2020. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  14. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Boigu Island". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  15. "State and non-state school details". Queensland Government. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  16. "Boigu Island - Malu Kiyay Ngurpay Lag". Tagai State College. 21 February 2019. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  17. "Tagai State College". Tagai State College. 19 May 2020. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  18. "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  19. "Boigu". Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. 28 August 2017. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  20. "Boigu: An IKC with a point of difference | State Library Of Queensland". www.slq.qld.gov.au. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  21. This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Boigu: An IKC with a point of difference (22 June 2022) by Indigenous services published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence, accessed on 18 January 2023.
  22. "Landmark Areas - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  23. "Boigu Island Primary Health Care Centre Profile". Queensland Health. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.

Further reading
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