Lineus longissimus

The bootlace worm (Lineus longissimus) is a species of ribbon worm and one of the longest known animals, with specimens up to 55 m (180 ft) long being reported, although this has not been confirmed.[1] Its mucus is highly toxic.[2]

Bootlace worm
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nemertea
Class: Anopla
Order: Heteronemertea
Family: Lineidae
Genus: Lineus
Species:
L. longissimus
Binomial name
Lineus longissimus
(Gunnerus, 1770)

Taxonomy

The bootlace worm is in the phylum Nemertea or ribbon worms. It is the most common nemertean found along the coasts of Britain.[3]

Description

Bootlace worms may grow very long but are usually only 5 to 10 millimetres (0.20 to 0.39 in) in width. The body is brown with lighter (longitudinal) stripes.[4] Its mucus contains a relatively strong neurotoxin which it uses as a defense against predators.[5] When handled, it produces large amounts of thick mucus with a faint pungent smell, reminiscent of iron or sewage.[6] This toxic mucus has been shown to kill crabs and cockroaches, and could have applications as an agricultural insecticide.[7]

In 1864, William M'Intosh described a specimen that had washed ashore in the aftermath of a severe storm by St Andrews, Scotland, which was more than 55 m (180 ft) long,[8] longer than the longest known lion's mane jellyfish, the animal which is often considered to be the longest in the world. However, records of extreme length should be taken with caution, because the bodies of nemerteans are flexible and can easily stretch to much more than their usual length.[9]

Like other nemerteans, Lineus longissimus feeds using its eversible proboscis. As it is in the class Anopla, its proboscis is not armed with a barbed stylet. Instead, it has a cluster of sticky filaments at the end of its proboscis that it uses to immobilize prey.

Habitat

Lineus longissimus can be found on Norway's and Britain's coasts, on the Danish east coast and also on Sweden's west coast.

References
  1. "Potential insecticide discovered in Earth's longest animal". UQ News. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  2. Strand, M., Sundberg, P. 2010. Lineus longissimus Långsnöre, p. 104 – In: Nationalnyckeln till Sveriges flora och fauna. Stjärnmaskar – slemmaskar. Sipuncula – Nemertea. Artdatabanken, SLU, Uppsala, ISBN 978-91-88506-72-6
  3. "Discovery Zone - Bootlace Worm". www.shetland.uhi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  4. "MarLIN – The Marine Life Information Network – Bootlace worm (Lineus longissimus)". www.marlin.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  5. "Bootlace Worm: Earth's Longest Animal Produces Powerful Toxin". Sci.News.
  6. Milius, Susan (2018-03-30). "Toxins from the world's longest animal can kill cockroaches". Science News. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  7. "Insect toxin detected in the world's longest animal". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  8. Gerald L. Wood Animal Facts and Feats: A Guinness Record of the Animal Kingdom, pg 334.
  9. Laidlaw, Shawn (2020-11-23). "Ribbon Worm - Facts and Beyond". Biology Dictionary. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
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