Boundaries of Hong Kong

The Boundaries of Hong Kong, officially the Boundary of the Administrative Division of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China[1][2] (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国香港特别行政区行政区域界线; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區行政區域界綫), is a regulated administrative border with border control in force under the One country, two systems constitutional principle, which separates the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region from mainland China, by land border fence of 30 km (19 mi) and maritime boundary of 733 km (455 mi),[1] enforcing a separate immigration and customs-controlled jurisdiction from mainland China.

This article is about the formal border line. For the border zone in Hong Kong, see Frontier Closed Area.

Map of the boundaries of Hong Kong since 1997, dotted in grey dash lines surrounding Hong Kong.

The boundaries of Hong Kong are patrolled and controlled by the Hong Kong Police Force and its Marine Region and the Immigration Department at land and sea. The land boundary also includes a buffer zone, known as Frontier Closed Area.

Border Road is enclosed by fences

History

After the First Opium War and territorial establishment of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Island was ceded by the Qing Empire to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland through Treaty of Nanjing in 1842, not marking any official maritime boundaries.

In 1860, the Convention of Peking extended the cession to include Kowloon with the land boundary limits until "Boundary street in Kowloon".,[3] and in 1898 with additional land of New Territories was leased for 99-years to the British under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory with the Sham Chun River primarily marking the boundary between British Hong Kong and Qing dynasty.[4]

Between the years of 1941 and 1945 during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, boundaries of Hong Kong may or may not have been clearly distinguished as parts of Southern China alongside Hong Kong were together occupied by the Japanese Empire.[5] After the Japanese surrender in 1945, all British government institutions in Hong Kong, including the land boundary primarily running across the Sham Chun River were restored.[6]

In 1984, the governments of the United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China (PRC) concluded the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong, under which the sovereignty of the leased territories, together with Hong Kong Island and Kowloon (south of Boundary Street) ceded under the Convention of Peking (1860), was transferred to the PRC on 1 July 1997, maintaining the current land boundary primarily running across the Sham Chun River,[7] however the Hong Kong Basic Law modified and extended the size of Hong Kong's maritime boundary with mainland China in 1997.[1]

Historical maps
  • One of the earliest documents, marking the boundaries of the then British Hong Kong with Qing dynasty.
    One of the earliest documents, marking the boundaries of the then British Hong Kong with Qing dynasty.
  • Map of the boundaries of Hong Kong during the Colonial period until 1997.
    Map of the boundaries of Hong Kong during the Colonial period until 1997.

Immigration control points

As of 2021, 8 out of Hong Kong's 15 points of entry/border crossings controlled by the Immigration Department are located on or cross the land border fence.[8] Entry and exit immigration clearance into Hong Kong by sea can be cleared at 4 Ferry terminals:,[8] and the other 3 out of 15 immigration clearance points in Hong Kong are located at 2 railway stations and one at the Hong Kong International Airport.[8]

No.Hong Kong
Control Point		District in Hong KongType of
border crossing
and coordinates		Counterpart Mainland
Chinese Port(s)		District and City
in mainland China		OpenedWeblinks and RemarksImage

Land border Control Points crossing the border fence/line

1Man Kam To Control Point
文錦渡管制站		Man Kam To, North DistrictLand border crossing
22.5370°N 114.1294°E / 22.5370; 114.1294		Wenjindu Port
文锦渡口岸		Luohu District, Shenzhen1976ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)
td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)
2Lo Wu Control Point
羅湖管制站		Lo Wu, North DistrictLand border crossing
22°31′56″N 114°06′48″E		Luohu Port
罗湖口岸		Luohu District, Shenzhen1986ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)
td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)
3Lok Ma Chau Control Point
落馬洲管制站		Lok Ma Chau, Yuen Long DistrictLand border crossing
22.52074°N 114.07496°E / 22.52074; 114.07496		Huanggang Port
皇岗口岸		Futian District, Shenzhen1989ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)
td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)
4Sha Tau Kok Control Point
沙頭角管制站		Sha Tau Kok, North DistrictLand border crossing
22°32′56.8″N 114°13′23.8″E		Shatoujiao Port
沙头角口岸		Yantian District, Shenzhen2005ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)
td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)
5Shenzhen Bay Control Point
深圳灣管制站		- (Juxtaposed control)Juxtaposed Land border crossing
22.5039°N 113.9447°E / 22.5039; 113.9447		Shenzhen Bay Port
深圳湾口岸		Nanshan District, Shenzhen2007ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)
td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)
6Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Point
落馬洲支線管制站		Lok Ma Chau, Yuen Long DistrictLand border crossing
22.51577°N 114.06877°E / 22.51577; 114.06877		Futian Port
福田口岸		Futian District, Shenzhen2007ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)
td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)
7Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) Hong Kong Port
港珠澳大橋香港口岸		Chek Lap Kok, Islands DistrictLand/Sea border crossing the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge
22°16′59″N 113°46′50″E		Gongbei Port
拱北口岸		Gongbei Subdistrict, Zhuhai2018customs.gov.cn (mainland China)
td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)
fsm.gov.mo (Macau)
Posto Fronteiriço das Portas do Cerco
港珠澳大橋澳門口岸		Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Macau
8Heung Yuen Wai Control Point
香園圍管制站		Heung Yuen Wai, North DistrictLand border crossing
22°33′15.43″N 114°9′8.72″E		Liantang Port
莲塘口岸		Luohu District, Shenzhen2020ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)
td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)

Border Control Points with clearance in Hong Kong for crossing Hong Kong boundaries by sea

9Hong Kong–Macau Ferry Terminal
港澳客輪碼頭		Sheung Wan, Central and Western DistrictBorder crossing clearance in Hong Kong for crossing Hong Kong boundaries by sea
22°17′21.74″N 114°9′7.75″E		multiplemultiple1985mardep.gov.hk
10Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal
中國客運碼頭		Tsim Sha Tsui, Yau Tsim Mong DistrictBorder crossing clearance in Hong Kong for crossing Hong Kong boundaries by sea
22.29931°N 114.16725°E / 22.29931; 114.16725		multiplemultiple1988mardep.gov.hk
11Tuen Mun Ferry Pier
屯門碼頭		Tuen Mun New Town, Tuen Mun DistrictBorder crossing clearance in Hong Kong for crossing Hong Kong boundaries by sea
22°22′20″N 113°57′58″E		multiplemultiple1988mardep.gov.hk
12Kai Tak Cruise Terminal
啟德郵輪碼頭		Kai Tak Development, Kowloon City DistrictBorder crossing clearance in Hong Kong for crossing Hong Kong boundaries by sea
22.3074°N 114.2128°E / 22.3074; 114.2128		multiplemultiple2013kaitakcruiseterminal.com.hk

Rail and Air Border Control Points

13Hung Hom station
紅磡

(Kowloon Station 九龙站)		Hung Hom, Yau Tsim Mong District/Kowloon City DistrictRail border crossing
22.3029°N 114.1816°E / 22.3029; 114.1816		1975mtr.com.hk
14Hong Kong West Kowloon railway station
香港西九龍		Tsim Sha Tsui, Yau Tsim Mong DistrictJuxtaposed rail border crossing
22°18′13″N 114°09′54″E		Hong Kong West Kowloon railway station
香港西九龙站		- (Juxtaposed control)2018ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)
td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)
highspeed.mtr.com.hk
15Hong Kong International Airport
香港國際機場		Chep Lap Kok, Islands DistrictAirport border Immigration/Checkpoint
22°18′32″N 113°54′52″E		--1998hongkongairport.com

See also

References
  1. basiclaw.gov.hk - Description of the Boundary of the Administrative Division of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China
  2. elegislation.gov.hk - 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區行政區域界綫文字表述 Description of the Boundary of the Administrative Division of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China
  3. Endacott, G. B.; Carroll, John M. (2005) [1962]. A biographical sketch-book of early Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-962-209-742-1.
  4. "Lessons in History". National Palace Museum (Taipei). 9 August 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  5. "China Offensive". Center of Military History. United states Army. 3 October 2003. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  6. Tsang, Steve (2004). A Modern History of Hong Kong. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-84511-419-0.
  7. Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, The Government of the HKSAR. "The Joint Declaration" and following pages, 1 July 2007.
  8. Control Point Locations - Hong Kong Immigration Department
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.