Borso d'Este (1605–1657)

Born in Modena, he was the fifth son and eight child of Cesare d'Este, Duke of Modena, and Virginia de' Medici, daughter of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. His eldest brother, Alfonso, became duke in 1628. He had another four brothers, Luigi, Lord of Montecchio and Scandiano, Ippolito, Niccolo, and Foresto; as well four sisters, Giulia, Laura, Caterina and Anna Eleonora, all of whom survived childhood.

From birth he was destined for a career in the Church, and in 1622 he was made Abbot Commendatory in the Abbey of SS. Leonardo and Apollonius of Canossa. However, he renounced to his religious habit three years later in order to follow a military career. He moved to the Holy Roman Empire, where he attended a military academy and joined the Imperial Army. In 1632, Borso was put in charge of an infantry regiment in the Battle of Lützen.[1] In 1634, he fought in the Battle of Nördlingen. In 1640, he was summoned back to the Este territories by his nephew Francesco I, Duke of Modena to fight against Spanish troops from the Duchy of Milan.[2] In 1641, he bought the Ducal Palace of Rivalta and during the next three years the palace was renovated and enlarged.[3]

Borso fell in love with his niece Ippolita, the illegitimate daughter of his brother Luigi, Lord of Montecchio and Scandiano. The marriage negotiations caused a big scandal in the Este court, not only because the couple were uncle and niece, but also because Ippolita was an illegitimate daughter and she was not of enough rank to marry a member of the House of Este. However, Borso was determined to marry Ippolita and his brother Luigi facilitated this by legitimizing his daughter.

On April 24, 1647, Ippolita was legitimized by Duke Francesco. A papal dispensation from Pope Innocent X was necessary due to the kinship of the future spouses. Borso and Ippolita were then married in a ceremony in Scandiano. That same year, Borso bought half of the Marquisate of Scandiano from his brother.

The marriage was a happy one, and the couple spent most of their time in the Ducal Palace of Rivalta. Ippolita died in 1656, shortly after the birth of their last child, Maria Angela Caterina. Borso himself would die a year later, aged 51 or 52. Their five surviving children were put under the care of his brother Luigi, who was also the children's grandfather.

Borso and Ippolita had seven children, of which two died in childhood. They were also the founders of a minor line of the House of Este, the short lived House of Este-Scandiano. Since none of their sons married or had issue, the line died out.

• Luigi (1648-1698), Lord of Scandiano. Died unmarried and without issue.
• Foresto Francesco (1652-1725), Lord of Montecchio. Died unmarried and without issue.
• Cesare Ignazio (1653-1713), succeeded his brother Foresto as Lord of Montecchio. Died unmarried and without issue.
• Giulia Teresa (1654-?), died unmarried and without issue.
• Maria Angela Caterina (1656-1722), married in 1684 Philibert-Emmanuel (1628-1709) and had issue, including Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano.