Pozsony County

Pozsony county was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now mostly part of Slovakia, while a small area belongs to Hungary. In 1969, the three villages that remained in Hungary were combined to form Dunasziget.

Pozsony County
Comitatus Posoniensis (Latin)
Pozsony vármegye (Hungarian)
Komitat Pressburg (German)
Prešporská župa (Slovak)
County of the Kingdom of Hungary
(c.1000-1923)
Coat of arms of Pozsony
Coat of arms

CapitalPozsony
Area
  Coordinates48°9′N 17°7′E
 
 1910
4,370 km2 (1,690 sq mi)
Population 
 1910
389750
History
History 
 Established
c.1000
 Treaty of Trianon
4 June 1920
 Merged into Győr-Moson-Pozsony County
1923
Today part ofSlovakia
(4,323 km2)
Hungary
(47 km2)
Bratislava is the current name of the capital.

Its name changed along with that of the city of Pressburg (Hungarian: Pozsony, today's Bratislava). Its names around 1900 were Pozsony vármegye in Hungarian, Prešpurská župa in Slovak and Preßburger Gespanschaft in German.

Geography

Map of Pozsony county in the Kingdom of Hungary (1891)
Map of Pozsony, 1891
Former county of Pozsony superimposed on map of contemporary Slovakia

The county shared borders with the Austrian land of Lower Austria and the Hungarian counties Nyitra, Komárom, Győr and Moson. It was situated between the river Morava in the west, the river Danube in the south, and the river Váh (Hungarian: Vág) in the east. The southern part of the Little Carpathians divided the county into two. It also covered most of the island known today as Žitný ostrov (Hungarian: Csallóköz) between the Danube and the Little Danube. Its area was 4,370 km2 around 1910.

Seats

The seats of Pozsony county were the Pozsony Castle (present-day Bratislava Castle) and Somorja (present-day Šamorín), and from the 18th century onwards the town of Pressburg.

History

A sort of predecessor to Pozsony county may be existed as early as the 9th century during the time of Great Moravia. After Pozsony county's territory had become part of the Kingdom of Hungary, the Hungarian comitatus was created around 1000 or even earlier. It was one of the first counties created in the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory comprised roughly what is today Bratislava Region and Trnava Region. Throughout its history it was among the most prosperous territories of Hungary, and until the late 18th century it was particularly advanced and prosperous. In the 18th and 19th century, the population consisted of Germans (mainly in Pressburg and larger towns), Hungarians (mainly in the south, some suburbs of Pressburg,[lower-alpha 1] Slovaks (mainly in the north and in the suburbs of Pressburg[lower-alpha 2] and Croats (mainly in the suburbs of Pressburg).

In the aftermath of World War I, most of Pozsony county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia, as recognized by the concerned states in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon. As Bratislava county, it continued to exist until 1927 in Czechoslovakia, but it had completely different powers and somewhat modified borders. A small part south of the river Danube remained part of Hungary and joined Győr-Moson-Pozsony county.

Following the provisions of the First Vienna Award, the southeastern part of the area (Žitný ostrov, Senec, Galanta) became part of Hungary again in November 1938. The approximate Trianon borders were restored after World War II.

Demographics

Ethnic map of the county with data of the 1910 census (see the key in the description)
Population by mother tongue[lower-alpha 3]
CensusTotalSlovakHungarianGermanOther or unknown
1880[2] 314,173133,580 (44.24%)108,918 (36.07%)54,370 (18.01%)5,098 (1.69%)
1890[3] 331,370149,741 (45.19%)119,899 (36.18%)55,903 (16.87%)5,827 (1.76%)
1900[4] 367,502164,585 (44.78%)139,835 (38.05%)56,358 (15.34%)6,724 (1.83%)
1910[5] 389,750166,017 (42.60%)163,367 (41.92%)53,822 (13.81%)6,544 (1.68%)
Population by religion[lower-alpha 4]
CensusTotalRoman CatholicLutheranJewishCalvinistOther or unknown
1880 314,173262,050 (83.41%)23,476 (7.47%)20,671 (6.58%)7,634 (2.43%)342 (0.11%)
1890 331,370277,921 (83.87%)24,360 (7.35%)21,304 (6.43%)7,619 (2.30%)166 (0.05%)
1900 367,502309,861 (84.32%)26,112 (7.11%)22,246 (6.05%)8,854 (2.41%)429 (0.12%)
1910 389,750331,265 (84.99%)26,456 (6.79%)22,588 (5.80%)8,924 (2.29%)517 (0.13%)

Subdivisions

In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Pozsony county were:

Districts (járás)
DistrictCapital
  DunaszerdahelyDunaszerdahely (now Dunajská Streda)
  GalántaGalánta (now Galanta)
  MalackaMalacka (now Malacky)
  NagyszombatNagyszombat (now Trnava)
  PozsonyPozsony (now Bratislava)
  SomorjaSomorja (now Šamorín)
  SzencSzenc (now Senec)
  Urban counties (törvényhatósági jogú város)
Pozsony (now Bratislava)
  Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város)
Bazin (now Pezinok)
Modor (now Modra)
Nagyszombat (now Trnava)
Szentgyörgy (now Svätý Jur)

Notes

  1. In 1900: particularly present-day Podunajské Biskupice and Vrakuňa (cca 90%)
  2. In 1900: present-day Lamač, Dúbravka, Záhorská Bystrica – more than 93% of the population, present-day Vajnory (93%) and Rača (75%).[1]
  3. Only linguistic communities > 1% are displayed.
  4. Only religious communities > 1% are displayed.

References

  1. Buček, Ján; Pavol, Korec, eds. (2013). Moderná humánna geografia mesta Bratislava: priestorové štruktúry, siete a procesy [Modern Human Geography of Bratislava: spatial structures, networks and processes] (PDF). Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského, Prírodovedecká fakulta Katedra humánnej geografie a demografie. pp. 60–61. ISBN 978-80-223-3516-4.
  2. "Az 1881. év elején végrehajtott népszámlálás főbb eredményei megyék és községek szerint rendezve, II. kötet (1882)". library.hungaricana.hu. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  3. "A Magyar Korona országainak helységnévtára (1892)". library.hungaricana.hu. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  4. "A MAGYAR KORONA ORSZÁGAINAK 1900". library.hungaricana.hu. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  5. "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
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