Butyrophilin
Butyrophilins are membrane proteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (Ig).[1][2] Butyrophilin (Btn) genes constitute a subgroup of at least 10 genes in the Ig superfamily identified in human, mouse, cow, goat and other species.[3]
| Butyrophilin | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Butyrophilin |
| Membranome | 14 |
| Butyrophilin, subfamily 1, member A1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | BTN1A1 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 696 | ||||||
| HGNC | 1135 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NP_001723 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q13410 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 6 p22.2 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Butyrophilin, subfamily 2, member A2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | BTN2A2 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 10385 | ||||||
| HGNC | 1137 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NP_008926 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q8WVV5 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 6 p22.2 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Butyrophilin, subfamily 3, member A1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | BTN3A1 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 11119 | ||||||
| HGNC | 1138 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NP_008979 | ||||||
| UniProt | O00481 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 6 p22.2 | ||||||
| |||||||
The eponymous Btn gene (BTN1A1 in humans; Btn1a1 in mouse) is highly expressed in the secretory epithelium of the mammary gland during lactation. Other homologues are predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and the intestine and erythroid cells. In contrast, BTN2A1 and 2 and BTN3A1, 2, and 3 are widely expressed in many tissues, suggesting that the structural domains of Btn proteins may have both universal and tissue-specific functions.
Types include:
- BTN1A1 - Regulates secretion of milk-lipid droplets
- BTN2A2 - Involved in lipid, fatty-acid, and sterol metabolism
- BTN3A1 - Presents phosphoantigens to Gamma delta T cells
References
- Mather IH, Jack LJ (1993). "A review of the molecular and cellular biology of butyrophilin, the major protein of bovine milk fat globule membrane". Journal of Dairy Science. 76 (12): 3832–50. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77726-7. PMID 8132890.
- Afrache H, Gouret P, Ainouche S, Pontarotti P, Olive D (2012). "The butyrophilin (BTN) gene family: from milk fat to the regulation of the immune response". Immunogenetics. 64 (11): 781–94. doi:10.1007/s00251-012-0619-z. PMID 23000944. S2CID 13220808.
- Ogg SL, Weldon AK, Dobbie L, Smith AJ, Mather IH (2004). "Expression of butyrophilin (Btn1a1) in lactating mammary gland is essential for the regulated secretion of milk-lipid droplets". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (27): 10084–9. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10110084O. doi:10.1073/pnas.0402930101. PMC 454168. PMID 15226505.
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