CD59

CD59 glycoprotein, also known as MAC-inhibitory protein (MAC-IP), membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL), or protectin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD59 gene.[5] It is an LU domain and belongs to the LY6/uPAR/alpha-neurotoxin protein family.[6]

CD59
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesCD59, 16.3A5, 1F5, EJ16, EJ30, EL32, G344, HRF-20, HRF20, MAC-IP, MACIF, MEM43, MIC11, MIN1, MIN2, MIN3, MIRL, MSK21, p18-20, CD59 molecule, CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)
External IDsOMIM: 107271 MGI: 1888996 HomoloGene: 56386 GeneCards: CD59
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

966

333883

Ensembl

ENSG00000085063

ENSMUSG00000068686

UniProt

P13987
Q6FHM9

P58019

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_181858
NM_001368215

RefSeq (protein)

NP_862906
NP_001355144

Location (UCSC)Chr 11: 33.7 – 33.74 MbChr 2: 103.9 – 103.92 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

CD59 attaches to host cells via a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. When complement activation leads to deposition of C5b678 on host cells, CD59 can prevent C9 from polymerizing and forming the complement membrane attack complex.[7] It may also signal the cell to perform active measures such as endocytosis of the CD59-C9 complex.[6]

Mutations affecting GPI that reduce expression of CD59 and decay-accelerating factor on red blood cells result in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.[8]

Viruses such as HIV, human cytomegalovirus and vaccinia incorporate host cell CD59 into their own viral envelope to prevent lysis by complement.[9]

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000085063 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000068686 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein".
  6. Maio M, Brasoveanu LI, Coral S, Sigalotti L, Lamaj E, Gasparollo A, Visintin A, Altomonte M, Fonsatti E (Aug 1998). "Structure, distribution, and functional role of protectin (CD59) in complement-susceptibility and in immunotherapy of human malignancies (Review)". International Journal of Oncology. 13 (2): 305–18. doi:10.3892/ijo.13.2.305. PMID 9664126.
  7. Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S (September 2006). "Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (37): 27398–27404. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603690200. PMID 16844690.
  8. Parker C, Omine M, Richards S, et al. (2005). "Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". Blood. 106 (12): 3699–709. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. PMC 1895106. PMID 16051736.
  9. Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z (July 2004). "Cell signals transduced by complement". Mol. Immunol. 41 (6–7): 583–597. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007. PMID 15219997.

Further reading

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