COST Hata model

The COST Hata model is a radio propagation model (i.e. path loss) that extends the urban Hata model (which in turn is based on the Okumura model) to cover a more elaborated range of frequencies (up to 2 GHz). It is the most often cited of the COST 231 models (EU funded research project ca. April 1986 – April 1996),[1] also called the Hata Model PCS Extension. This model is the combination of empirical and deterministic models for estimating path loss in an urban area over frequency range of 800 MHz to 2000 MHz.[2]

COST (COopération européenne dans le domaine de la recherche Scientifique et Technique) is a European Union Forum for cooperative scientific research which has developed this model based on experimental measurements in multiple cities across Europe.

Applicable to / under conditions

This model is applicable to macro cells in urban areas. To further evaluate Path Loss in suburban or rural (quasi-)open areas, this path loss has to be substituted into Urban to Rural / Urban to Suburban Conversions. (Ray GAO, 09 Sep 2007)

Coverage

Frequency: 1500–2000 MHz
Mobile station antenna height: 1–10 m
Base station antenna height: 30–200 m
Link distance: 1–20 km

Mathematical formulation

The COST Hata model is formulated as,

$L_{b}=46.3+33.9\log _{10}{\frac {f}{\text{MHz}}}-13.82\log _{10}{\frac {h_{B}}{\text{m}}}-a(h_{R},f)+\left(44.9-6.55\log _{10}{\frac {h_{B}}{\text{m}}}\right)\log _{10}{\frac {d}{\text{km}}}+C_{m}$

where,

$L_{b}$	Median path loss. Unit: decibel (dB)
$f$	Frequency of Transmission. Unit: megahertz (MHz)
$h_{B}$	Base station antenna effective height. Unit: meter (m)
$d$	Link distance. Unit: Kilometer (km)
$h_{R}$	Mobile station antenna effective height. Unit: meter (m)
$a(h_{R},f)$	Mobile station antenna height correction factor as described in the Hata model for urban areas. For suburban or rural environments this factor is defined as, $a(h_{R},f)=\left(1.1\log _{10}{\frac {f}{\text{MHz}}}-0.7\right){\frac {h_{R}}{\text{m}}}-\left(1.56\log _{10}{\frac {f}{\text{MHz}}}-0.8\right)$ and, for urban environments (i.e. large cities) as, $a(h_{R},f)={\begin{cases}8.29(\log _{10}({1.54h_{R}}))^{2}-1.1&,{\text{if }}150\leq f\leq 200\\3.2\left(\log _{10}\left({11.75h_{R}}\right)\right)^{2}-4.97&,{\text{if }}200<f\leq 1500\end{cases}}$
$C_{m}$	Constant offset. Unit: decibel (dB). Defined as, $C_{m}={\begin{cases}0\ dB\quad {\text{for medium cities and suburban areas}}\\3\ dB\quad {\text{for metropolitan areas}}\end{cases}}$

Limitations

This model requires that the base station antenna is higher than all adjacent rooftops.

References

http://www.cost.eu/domains_actions/ict/Actions/231 COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) website
Final report for COST Action 231, Chapter 4

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[1] ttp://www.cost.eu/domains_actions/ict/Actions/231 COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) website

[2] Final report for COST Action 231, Chapter 4

Radio frequency propagation models
Free space	Free-space path loss Friis transmission equation Dipole field strength in free space
Terrain	ITU terrain model Egli model Longley–Rice Irregular Terrain Model (ITM) Two-ray ground-reflection model
Foliage	Weissberger's model Early ITU model One woodland terminal model Single vegetative obstruction model
Urban	Okumura model Hata model COST Hata model Young model Six-rays model Ten-rays model
Indoor	ITU model for indoor attenuation Log-distance path loss model
Other	VOACAP (HF) Area-to-area Lee model (900 MHz) Point-to-point Lee model (900 MHz) Longley–Rice model (20 MHz - 20 GHz)