Cabinet of David Toro

The Cabinet of David Toro constituted the 97th national cabinet of the Republic of Bolivia. It was a component of the Government Junta led by President David Toro and was in office from 17 May 1936 to 13 July 1937.[1]

Toro cabinet

97th Cabinet of the Republic of Bolivia
1936–1937
David Toro
Date formed17 May 1936 (1936-05-17)
Date dissolved13 July 1937 (1937-07-13)
People and organisations
PresidentDavid Toro
Vice PresidentVacant
No. of ministers10 (on 13 July 1937)
Total no. of members15 (incl. former members)
Member parties  United Socialist Party
  Socialist Republican Party
History
PredecessorCabinet of José Luis Tejada Sorzano
SuccessorCabinet of Germán Busch
Germán Busch was Provisional President of the Junta until 22 May

The cabinet was formed after the armed forces ousted President José Luis Tejada Sorzano in a coup d'état which brought a civil-military junta to power. For the first five days of its existence, the cabinet and the junta were chaired by Lieutenant Colonel Germán Busch until the arrival of Toro on 22 May. It was dissolved when Toro was deposed in another coup d'état led by Busch, though the junta Toro chaired remained in power.[2]

Cabinet Ministers

Cabinet of Bolivia
Presidency of David Toro, 1936–1937
Office Minister Party Prof. Term Days N.C P.C
President Germán Busch[lower-alpha 1] Mil-Soc. Mil. 17 May 1936 – 22 May 1936 5 – –
David Toro Mil-Soc. Mil. 22 May 1936 – 13 July 1937 417
Vice President Office vacant throughout presidency
Minister of Foreign Affairs
and Worship
(Chancellor)		 – Enrique Baldivieso[3] PSU Law. 17 May 1936 – 11 November 1936 178 97 1
Minister of
Propaganda		 Enrique Finot[4] PL Law. 11 November 1936 – 13 July 1937 244
Minister of Government
and Justice		 Julio Viera Mil-Soc. Mil. 17 May 1936 – 13 July 1937 422 97 1
Minister of National Defense Gabriel Gosálvez PSU Eco. 17 May 1936 – 7 September 1936 113 97 1
Oscar Moscoso[lower-alpha 2] Mil-Soc. Mil. 7 September 1936 – 13 July 1937 309
Minister of Development
and Communications		 Pedro Zilveti PRS Law. 17 May 1936 – 13 July 1937 422 97 1
Minister of Finance
and Statistics		 Fernando Álvarez Campero – Law. 17 May 1936 – 13 July 1937 422 97 1
Minister of Industry
and Commerce		 Jorge Jórdan Mil-Soc. Mil. 17 May 1936 – 6 August 1936 81 97 1
Arturo Guillén Mil-Soc. Mil. 6 August 1936 – 13 July 1937 341
Minister of Mining
and Petrol		 Antenor Ichazo Mil-Soc. Mil. 22 May 1936 – 13 July 1937 417 97 1
Minister of Work
and Social Security		 Waldo Álvarez CSTB Uni. 22 May 1936 – 17 January 1937 240 97 1
Javier Paz Campero PSU Law. 17 January 1937 – 13 July 1937 177
Minister of Education
and Indigenous Affairs		 Raul Tovar Mil-Soc. Mil. 17 May 1936 – 12 October 1936 148 97 1
Alfredo Peñaranda Mil-Soc. Mil. 12 October 1936 – 23 November 1937 407 1[lower-alpha 3]
Minister of Agriculture,
Colonization, and
Immigration		 Luis Añez Rodríguez[lower-alpha 4] Mil-Soc. Mil. 17 January 1937 – 13 July 1937 177 97 1

Composition
President Toro with the government junta which served as his ministerial cabinet

The majority of Toro's cabinet consisted of military personnel, particularly members of the young officer corps. Of these, were the four lieutenant colonels Julio Viera (Government and Justice), Jorge Jórdan (Industry and Commerce), Antenor Ichazo (Mining and Petrol), and Luis Añez Rodríguez (Agriculture, Colonization, and Immigration).[7] Other members of the military included Major Raul Tovar (Education and Indigenous Affairs), and Colonel Oscar Moscoso (National Defense). This is not to mention lieutenant colonel Germán Busch, who served as provisional president of the junta until 22 May, as well as David Toro himself, who has a colonel.

Leftist political and social movements were represented by Enrique Baldivieso, one of the founders and leader of the United Socialist Party (PSU).[8] Organized labor was represented by Waldo Álvarez, a key figure in the debilitating general strikes which set the stage for the stage for the coup.[9] Álvarez had been elected as a delegate to the junta by an assembly of the Workers Federation of Labor (FOT) and the Local Workers Federation (FOL).[10]

The composition of the cabinet was also significantly restructured, elevating the number of ministries to ten.[2][11] Four of these were the offices of Statistics, Immigration, Commerce, and Indigenous Affairs. In addition, the Office of Propaganda was established as a component of the Foreign Ministry in late 1936. Furthermore, the Ministry of Mining and Petrol was formed on 22 May, foreshadowing a more active involvement by the Bolivian government in the exploitation of its natural resources which would eventually lead to the nationalization of Standard Oil in March 1937.[12] Finally, the Ministry of Work and Social Security was established on 22 May under the leadership of unionist Waldo Álvarez.[10] However, Álvarez would resign in early 1937 following the issuance of an "anti-communist" decree by Toro which led to the arrest of numerous senior officials. A second assembly of the FOT and FOL would elect Javier Paz Campero of the PSU to replace Álvarez.[10]

On 13 July 1937, dissatisfied with what he viewed as unending political compromise and pragmatism, Germán Busch forced the resignation of David Toro.[13] Busch was transmitted control of the junta, becoming de facto president. Many of the ministers in Toro's cabinet would remain in Busch's.

Structural changes
Office Part of Date formed
Office of Indigenous Affairs Ministry of Education 17 May 1936[11]
Office of Statistics Ministry of Finance
Office of Immigration Ministry of Agriculture
Office of Commerce Ministry of Industry
Office of Propaganda Ministry of Foreign Affairs 11 November 1936[11]
Ministry Date formed
Ministry of Work and Social Security 22 May 1936[10]
Ministry of Mining and Petrol

Notes
  1. Provisional President of the Junta: 17–22 May 1936.
  2. Acting Foreign Minister: 20 June – 4 September 1936.[5]
  3. Remained as a member of the 1st Cabinet of Germán Busch.
  4. Acting Foreign Minister: 7 September – 19 December 1936.[6]

References
  1. Gisbert 2003, p. 342.
  2. Klein, Herbert S. (1 February 1965). "David Toro and the Establishment of "Military Socialism" in Bolivia". Hispanic American Historical Review. 45 (1): 25–52. doi:10.1215/00182168-45.1.25. ISSN 0018-2168.
  3. "Enrique Baldivieso". archive.vn. 19 February 2013. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  4. "Enrique Finot". 23 January 2016. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  5. "Oscar Moscoso". 14 July 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  6. "Luis Añez Rodríguez". 30 November 2015. Archived from the original on 30 November 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  7. Boullón Barreto, Gustavo (1936). "Bolivia Socialist Republic". Archived from the original on 13 February 2021.
  8. Political handbook of the world 1939. New York, 1939. P. 16.
  9. "La rebelión de mayo del 36". www.paginasiete.bo (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  10. "Álvarez, el ministro obrero que hizo temblar al poder". www.paginasiete.bo (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  11. Gisbert 2003, pp. 343
  12. "DECRETO SUPREMO No 13-03-1937 del 13 de Marzo de 1937 » Derechoteca.com". www.derechoteca.com. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  13. Klein 1967, p. 169

Bibliography
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