Calu

Calu (Etruscan: πŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€πŒ‚, romanized: Calu, lit. 'dark, darkness')[1][2] is an epithet of the Etruscan chthonic fire god Śuri[3][4][5] as god of the underworld, roughly equivalent to the Greek god Hades (Epic Greek: αΌŒΟŠΞ΄Ξ·Ο‚, romanized: ΓΓ―dΔ“s; Etruscan: πŒ€πŒ•πŒ‰πŒ€, romanized: Aita); moroeover, as with Hades, this god-name was also used as a synonym for the underworld itself.[6]

He is identified by his wolf attributes, such as a wolf-like appearance or a human with a wolf-skin cap.[7] The visual representations of the cult of Calu seem to contain common elements with the Roman cult of Lupercalia and the Faliscan cult of the Hirpi Sorani ("wolves of Soranus", from Sabine: hirpus, lit. 'wolf').[4]

References
  1. Zavaroni 1996.
  2. Mc Callister & Mc Callister 1999.
  3. Bouke van der Meer 2013, pp. 323–341.
  4. Rissanen 2013.
  5. Maras 2010.
  6. Romano Impero 2021.
  7. De Grummond & Simon 2006, p. 57.

Bibliography
  • De Grummond, Nancy Thomson; Simon, Erika, eds. (2006). The Religion of the Etruscans. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292782334.
  • Maras, Daniele F. (2010). "Suri. Il nero signore degli inferi". Archeo (in Italian). No. 305. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10.
  • Mc Callister, Rick; Mc Callister, Silvia, eds. (1999), "CA-CE", Etruscan Glossary, Calu
  • Rissanen, Mika (2013) [2012]. "The Hirpi Sorani and the Wolf Cults of Central Italy". Arctos: Acta Philologica Fennica. Helsinki: Klassillis-filologinen yhdistys. 46. ISSN 0570-734X – via Academia.edu.
  • Bouke van der Meer, Lammert (2013). "Lead Plaque of Magliano". Interpretando l'antico. Scritti di archeologia offerti a Maria Bonghi Jovino. Quaderni di Acme (134). Milan. pp. 323–341 (335) – via Academia.edu.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Zavaroni, Adolfo (1996). I documenti etruschi (in Italian). Sherpa. Calu
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