Calystegia silvatica
Large bindweed, Calystegia silvatica, is the largest species of bindweed and is a strong rampant climber. It is native to southern Europe but has been introduced to many other areas because it is an attractive garden plant. Calystegia silvatica subsp. fraterniflora (Mack. & Bush) Brummitt (short-stalked false bindweed) is native to North America.[1]
| Calystegia silvatica | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Convolvulaceae |
| Genus: | Calystegia |
| Species: | C. silvatica |
| Binomial name | |
| Calystegia silvatica | |
It has large, arrow-shaped leaves and showy white trumpet-shaped flowers up to 9 centimeters in diameter. It is considered a weed in some areas where it has escaped cultivation and now grows wild. It spreads easily via hardy rhizomes. There are several subspecies.
Description
Large bindweed is a glabrous herbaceous perennial that twines in a counter-clockwise direction to a height of up to 5 m. The leaves are arranged alternately on the spiralling stem on petioles up to 15 cm. The leaves are dull green above and paler below, simple and sagittate (arrowhead shaped), up to 15 cm long and up to 9 cm wide.[2]
The flowers are white, sometimes narrowly pink on the outside only, produced from late spring to the end of summer (between July and September in northern Europe). The buds are enclosed by large (4.8 cm long), ovate, green bracteoles pouched at the base; during anthesis they strongly overlap.[3] The open flowers are trumpet-shaped and 6-9 cm diameter. After flowering, the fruit develops as an almost spherical capsule, which is hidden by the bracts. It is 1 cm in diameter, containing two to four large, dark brown or black seeds that are shaped like quartered oranges.[2]
Identification
The best way to separate large bindweed from hedge bindweed (C. sepium) in flower is by the bracteoles, which subtend the flower and wholly or partially encompass the sepals. Large bindweed has short, wider bracteoles which overlap where they meet, whereas hedge bindweed has narrower, longer ones which leave a gap between them, allowing a glimpse of the sepals.[4]
Vegetatively, large bindweed can be distinguished from hedge bindweed by the shape of the sinus - the gap between the lobes at the base of the leaves. The former has a U-shaped sinus, in contrast to the usually V-shaped one in the latter.[5]
Taxonomy
Common names include "morning glory" (a named which is shared with hundreds of other species) and "giant bindweed".[6]
References
- Germplasm Resources Information Network. Beltsville (MD): United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
- Sell, Peter; Murrell, Gina (2009). Flora of Great Britain and Ireland, vol 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Stace, C.A. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles. Suffolk. ISBN 978-1-5272-2630-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Rich, T.C.G. (1998). Plant Crib. London: Botanical Society of the British Isles.
- Poland, John; Clement, Eric (2009). The Vegetative Key to the British Flora. Southampton: John Poland. ISBN 978-0-9560144-0-5.
- BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
External links
