Camarón de la Isla

José Monje Cruz (5 December 1950 – 2 July 1992), better known by his stage name Camarón de la Isla (Spanish: Shrimp from the Island), was a Spanish Romani flamenco singer. Considered one of the all-time greatest flamenco singers, he was noted for his collaborations with Paco de Lucía and Tomatito, and the three of them were of major importance to the revival of flamenco in the second half of the 20th century.[1]

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Monje and the second or maternal family name is Cruz.
Camarón de la Isla
Camarón de la Isla
Background information
Birth nameJosé Monje Cruz
Born(1950-12-05)5 December 1950
San Fernando (Cádiz), Spain
Died2 July 1992(1992-07-02) (aged 41)
Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
Genres
Occupation(s)
  • Singer
  • musician
Instrument(s)
Years active1969–1992
Websitewww.camarondelaisla.com

Early life

He was born in San Fernando, Cádiz, Spain, into a Spanish Romani family, the seventh of eight children. His mother was Juana Cruz Castro, a "Canastera", literally a basket weaver, and meaning from a wandering Roma family, and whose gift of singing was a strong early influence.

His father, Juan Luis Monje, was also a singer as well as a blacksmith, and had a forge where Camarón worked as a boy.[2] His uncle José nicknamed him Camarón (Spanish for "Shrimp") because he was blonde and fair skinned.[3]

When his father died of asthma, while still very young, the family went through financial hardship. At the age of eight he began to sing at inns and bus stops with Rancapino to earn money. At sixteen, he won first prize at the Festival del Cante Jondo in Mairena del Alcor.[2] Camarón then went to Madrid with Miguel de los Reyes and in 1968 became a resident artist at the Tablao Torres Bermejas, where he remained for twelve years.[1]

Musical career
Mural of Camarón de la Isla in Barcelona in 2014

During his time at Tablao Torres Bermejas, he met Paco de Lucía, with whom he recorded nine albums between 1969 and 1977. The two toured extensively together during this period.[4] As Paco de Lucía became more occupied with solo concert commitments, Camarón worked with the flamenco guitarist Tomatito.

In 1976, at the age of 25, Camarón married Dolores Montoya, a Romani girl from La Línea de la Concepción whom he nicknamed "La Chispa" (The Spark).[5] At the time La Chispa was 16. The couple had four children.

Many consider Camarón to be the single most popular and influential flamenco cantaor (singer) of the modern period. Although his work was criticized by some traditionalists, he was one of the first to feature an electric bass in his songs. This was a turning point in the history of Flamenco music that helped distinguish Nuevo Flamenco.

When Camarón was already a recognised artist, internationally acclaimed for his authenticity and depth, he received an offer from the Rolling Stones. Mick Jagger personally wanted them to play together. According to his biographer Alfonso Rodríguez, Camarón said: "If they don't know anything about flamenco, what am I going to sing for them?" Mick Jagger called him several times and offered him a lot of money, but Camaron preferred to stay in Andalusia and not complicate his life.[6]

He also turned down an offer from the Gipsy Kings to be part of their tour of Latin America. According to his wife, Dolores Montoya, La Chispa, they offered him "a Mercedes convertible, 50 million pesetas and insurance for what could happen" and he turned it down. For him, his family was the main priority.[6]

Health issues and death

In later years, his health deteriorated due to heavy smoking and some level of drug abuse.[7][8]

In 1992, Camarón de la Isla died of lung cancer in Badalona, Spain.[9] He was buried in a Catholic ceremony at the cemetery of San Fernando as he wanted. It was estimated that 100,000 people attended his funeral.[10]

Posthumous awards and recognitions

On 5 December 2000 the Ministry of Culture of the Junta de Andalucía posthumously awarded to Camarón the 'Llave de Oro del Cante', the Golden Key of Flamenco.[11] This was only the fourth key awarded since 1862.

In 2005, film director Jaime Chávarri released the biopic Camarón in Spain starring Óscar Jaenada as Camarón and Verónica Sánchez as La Chispa. The film, produced in consultation with Camarón's widow, was subsequently nominated for several Goya Awards.

In 2006, Isaki Lacuesta directed La Leyenda del Tiempo (The Legend of Time), in which a Japanese woman visits Camarón's birthplace to learn to sing exactly like him.

In 2018, the documentary film Camarón: Flamenco y Revolución (Camarón: The Film), from the Spanish director Alexis Morante, was released through Netflix. In an interview, the director would say that one of his goals with the film was "to explain how the myth was built".[12]

In 2021 a museum devoted to the singer was opened in San Fernando.[13]

Partial discography
Cover for a Camarón de la Isla and Paco de Lucía album.

With Paco de Lucía:

With Paco de Lucía and Tomatito:

  • Como el Agua (1981)
  • Calle Real (1983)
  • Viviré (1984)
  • Potro de Rabia y Miel (1992)

With Tomatito:

  • Te lo Dice Camarón (1986)
  • Flamenco Vivo (1987)
  • Soy Gitano (1991)
  • Camarón Nuestro (1994)
  • Paris 1987 (1999)

Other:

  • La Leyenda del Tiempo (1979) (Released as a solo album)
  • Como El Agua (1981)
  • Soy Gitano (1989) (Released with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, with guest appearances by Tomatito)
  • Camarón: Reencuentro (2008)

Contributing artist:

The titles given for the first five albums with Paco de Lucía are those in popular usage, being the titles of the first tracks. Formally, all of them are entitled El Camarón de la Isla con la colaboración especial de Paco de Lucía, as shown in the album cover image included above, with the exception of Canastera.

References
  1. Ham, Anthony (2008). Madrid: City Guide. Lonely Planet. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-74104-895-7.
  2. Sweeney, Philip (28 November 1991). The Virgin directory of world music. Virgin. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-86369-378-6. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  3. LOS40 (20 January 2023). "Camarón de la isla o cómo la influencia de un marisco consagró a una leyenda del flamenco | Actualidad". LOS40 (in European Spanish). Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  4. Pohren, D. E. (1992). Paco de Lucía and Family: The Master Plan. Society of Spanish Studies. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-933224-62-9.
  5. Heredia, Juan de Dios Ramírez (1 January 2005). Matrimonio y boda de los gitanos y de los "payos". Centro de Producción Editorial y Divulgación Audiovisual. p. 308. ISBN 978-84-934453-0-0. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  6. RTVE (1 August 2023). "Camarón rechazó a Mick Jagger: la historia desconocida". RTVE.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  7. Pohren, Donn E. (2005). The Art of Flamenco. Bold Strummer Ltd. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-933224-02-5.
  8. Aragón – Guidebook Chapter. Lonely Planet. 1 June 2012. p. 161. ISBN 978-1-74321-253-0.
  9. Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 1992. p. 77. ISSN 0006-2510.
  10. Bryant, Tony (3 July 2017). "Camarón, the gypsy god of flamenco". surinenglish.
  11. Ruiz, Manuel Ríos (2002). El gran libro del flamenco: Intérpretes. Calambur. p. 193. ISBN 9788488015952.
  12. "'Flamenco Revolution' on Netflix: Camarón de la Isla Doc & Series Debut Worldwide". Billboard. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  13. "Camaron narra su leyenda en primera persona" (in Spanish). July 2021.
  • Atienza, Antonio. «Camarón se escribe con j.». Andalucía Información. Consultado el 21 de mayo de 2017.
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