Camarhynchus

Camarhynchus
	Medium tree finch (Camarhynchus pauper)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Thraupidae
Genus:	Camarhynchus; Gould, 1837
Type species
	Camarhynchus psittacula; Gould, 1837

Camarhynchus is a genus of birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. All species of Camarhynchus are endemic to the Galápagos Islands, and together with related genera, they are collectively known as Darwin's finches.[1] Formerly classified in the bunting and American sparrow family Emberizidae, more recent molecular genetic studies have shown it to belong in the tanager family.

Taxonomy and species list

The genus Camarhynchus was introduced in 1837 by English ornithologist John Gould, with the large tree finch as the type species.[2] The name combines the Ancient Greek kamara meaning "arch" or "vault" with rhunkhos meaning "bill".[3] The members of the genus form part of a group collectively known as Darwin's finches.[4] Although traditionally placed with the buntings and New World sparrows in the family Emberizidae,[5] molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Darwin's finches are members of the subfamily Coerebinae within the tanager family Thraupidae.[6] The genus contains five species.[7]

Scientific name	Common name	Distribution
Camarhynchus parvulus	Small tree finch	Galapagos Islands.
Camarhynchus pauper	Medium tree finch	Galápagos Islands where it is only found on Floreana Island
Camarhynchus psittacula	Large tree finch	Galapagos Islands
Camarhynchus pallidus	Woodpecker finch	Galapagos Islands
Camarhynchus heliobates	Mangrove finch	Galápagos Islands

The vegetarian finch (Platyspiza crassirostris) has sometimes been included in this genus.

References

White, Mel (11 May 2015). "A Darwin Finch, Crucial to Idea of Evolution, Fights for Survival". National Geographic. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
Gould, John (1837). "Remarks on a group of ground finches from Mr. Darwin's collection, with characters of new species". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part 5 (49): 4–7 [6].
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Sato, A.; Tichy, H.; O'hUigin, C.; Grant, P.R.; Grant, B.R.; Klein, J. (2001). "On the origin of Darwin's Finches". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (3): 299–311. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003806. PMID 11230531.
Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 164.
Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID 24583021.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 12 November 2020.

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[1] White, Mel (11 May 2015). "A Darwin Finch, Crucial to Idea of Evolution, Fights for Survival". National Geographic. Retrieved 18 January 2016.

[2] Gould, John (1837). "Remarks on a group of ground finches from Mr. Darwin's collection, with characters of new species". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part 5 (49): 4–7 [6].

[3] Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[4] Sato, A.; Tichy, H.; O'hUigin, C.; Grant, P.R.; Grant, B.R.; Klein, J. (2001). "On the origin of Darwin's Finches". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (3): 299–311. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003806. PMID 11230531.

[5] Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 164.

[6] Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID 24583021.

[ioc-7] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 12 November 2020.