Candelariella vitellina

Candelariella vitellina
	Candelariella vitellina on granite,; magnification 30x
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Candelariomycetes
Order:	Candelariales
Family:	Candelariaceae
Genus:	Candelariella
Species:	C. vitellina
Binomial name
	Candelariella vitellina; (Ehrh.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
Synonyms
	Lichen vitellinus Ehrh. (1785); Patellaria vitellina Hoffm. (1794);

Candelariella vitellina is a common and widespread green-yellow to orange-yellow crustose areolate lichen that grows on rock, wood, and bark, all over the world.[1] It grows on non-calcareous rock, wood, and bark.[1]

Taxonomy

The taxon Candelariella vitellina var. mendozae, proposed by Finnish lichenologist Veli Räsänen in 1941,[2] was promoted to distinct species status, Placomaronea mendozae, in 2004.[3]

Description

Candelariella vitellina often has tiny lobate areoles in the shape of lion claws.[1] The areoles may be flat or convex.[1] Its sexual reproductive structures (apothecia) are a 0.35–1.0 mm-wide disc, darker yellow than the thallus, rimmed with thallus-like tissue (lecanorine), flat but becoming convex with age.[1] The results of lichen spot tests are K+ reddish, KC−, and C−.[1] It produces calycin, pulvinic acid, pulvinic dilactone and vulpinic acid as secondary metabolites.[1]

Candelariella vitellina looks like a miniature version of C. rosulans.[1] It can be distinguished by C. vitanela having a visible exciple (the rim around the apothecia disc), which C. rosulans does not have.[1] It is usually much larger and thicker than the similar C. lutella.[1]

Habitat and distribution

In California, it prefers growing on granite, but can also be found on wood (rarely on bark) and other kinds of rock.[4]^: 251

Species interactions

It is a known host to the lichenicolous fungus species Carbonea vitellinaria.[5][6]

References

Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2, Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bugartz, F., (eds.) 2001,
Räsänen, V. (1941). "La flora liquenologica de Mendoza (Argentina)" (PDF). Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, Buenos Aires E III. 131: 97–110 [100].
Westberg, M. (2004). "Placomaronea". In Nash III, T.H.; Ryan, B.D.; Diederich, P.; Gries, C.; Bungartz, F. (eds.). Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol. 2. Tempe, Arizona: Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University. p. 419. ISBN 978-0-9716759-1-9.
Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
Brackel, Wolfgang von (2011). "Lichenopeltella rangiferinae sp. nov. and some other lichenicolous fungi from Iceland" (PDF). Acta Botanica Islandica. 15: 51–60.
Alstrup, V.; Olech, M.; Wietrzyk-Pelka, P.; Wegrzyn, M. H. (2018). "The lichenicolous fungi of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica: species diversity and identification guide". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae. 87 (4): 3607. doi:10.5586/asbp.3607.

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[LFGSDR-1] Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2, Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bugartz, F., (eds.) 2001,

[Räsänen_1941-2] Räsänen, V. (1941). "La flora liquenologica de Mendoza (Argentina)" (PDF). Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, Buenos Aires E III. 131: 97–110 [100].

[Westberg_2004-3] Westberg, M. (2004). "Placomaronea". In Nash III, T.H.; Ryan, B.D.; Diederich, P.; Gries, C.; Bungartz, F. (eds.). Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol. 2. Tempe, Arizona: Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University. p. 419. ISBN 978-0-9716759-1-9.

[SSFGCL-4] Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2

[5] Brackel, Wolfgang von (2011). "Lichenopeltella rangiferinae sp. nov. and some other lichenicolous fungi from Iceland" (PDF). Acta Botanica Islandica. 15: 51–60.

[Alstrup_et_al._2018-6] Alstrup, V.; Olech, M.; Wietrzyk-Pelka, P.; Wegrzyn, M. H. (2018). "The lichenicolous fungi of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica: species diversity and identification guide". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae. 87 (4): 3607. doi:10.5586/asbp.3607.