Punta Cana

Beach in Punta Cana

The Punta Cana area has an estimated population of 100,000, with an annual growth rate of 11% as of 2011.[6] To the north, it borders the village and beach of Cabeza de Toro, and the Bávaro and El Cortecito beaches. The nearest city, the 500-year-old Higüey, is 45 kilometres (28 mi) away, which takes about an hour to reach by car. European entrepreneurs, particularly Spanish hotel chains, own all but two of the over 50 megaresorts at the Punta Cana tourism destination.

The province's 100-kilometre (62 mi) coastline tends to be mildly windy. The ocean waters are mainly shallows, with several natural marine pools in which visitors can bathe without danger. From north to south, the main beaches are Uvero Alto, Macao, Arena Gorda, Bávaro, El Cortecito, Las Corales, and Cabeza de Toro, all north of the cape; and Cabo Engaño, Punta Cana, and Juanillo south of the cape.

Beach in Punta Cana

Sunrise over Punta Cana

Bávaro is the area starting from Cabeza de Toro until Macao Beach. As the hotels started to rise along the east coast, Bavaro itself became a center of services with shopping malls, fast-food stores, drug stores, fine restaurants, banks, clinics, workshops, supermarkets, and schools. The major town in the district is Veron, now bigger than Higüey in territory, a spontaneous – and poor – urban development running along the original road from the west. Verón, last name of the French proprietor of a timberline business in the early 1930s, is now the base-city for hotel workers and related. It has, besides Bávaro, one of only four gas stations in Punta Cana: the next one is located 48 kilometres (30 mi) west in Higüey, at the Fruisa crossroads; a new Texaco gas station opened in April 2010, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of Macao beach; and the new Shell gas station close to the airport (on the highway Coral) opened at the end of 2010.

Punta Cana Village, with a population of about 3,000, is being developed by a master plan of the Punta Cana Group. In 1969 the area was purchased by this organization and development began in the following decades.[7] The main avenue, Boulevard Primero de Noviembre, is lined with low office buildings. Branching off are streets with gated communities on both sides. To the east are single family residences. Small apartment buildings are to the west. A shopping area is near the airport and beyond the apartment houses is a mall and several stores.[8] East of the village is the Westin Resort and golf course by the ocean. There is a public beach, Playa Blanca, with a shuttle bus from the Village's sole hotel. An upscale planned community, Cap Cana, is south of Punta Cana Village.[9]

In the late 1960s, Frank Rainieri, a Dominican entrepreneur in his 20s and Theodore Kheel,[12] a high-powered New York attorney and labor mediator teamed up with other investors, to acquire a 58-million square meter lot on the eastern end of the Dominican Republic.[13] The area that is known today as Punta Cana was mostly an undeveloped coastal area of La Altagracia province. At the time the closest major city, Higüey, was a 5-hour drive. Their first project was a 40 guest hotel called the Punta Cana Club. In 1970, Rainieri changed the original name of the place, Yauya or Punta Borrachos, for Punta Cana. In 1978, the Paris Mediterranean Club joined the Grupo Punta Cana SA project, building a 350-room hotel within the project. Later, the Barceló and Newco Group settled in the Bavaro area.

Frank Rainieri with his family.

In 1979, the Hotel Puntacana was built and then in 1984, the Punta Cana International Airport was inaugurated, while more infrastructures such as highways were developed. In 1993, construction began on the Marina de Punta Cana Resort & Club marina. In 1996, the Dominican designer Óscar de la Renta and the Spanish singer Julio Iglesias joined the project. In 2000, the first of the residential community developments began and six years later Tortuga Bay opened.

Corporate environmental and social responsibilities and policies have been pursued since the resort was built. The Puntacana Foundation- made of the Ecological Foundation and Community Services- has a 1,500-acre reserve that now serves as a research base for universities and a sanctuary for endangered species and has opened two schools- the Ann & Ted Kheel Polytechnic and the Puntacana International School- and a free health clinic in the local community of Véron.[14][15]

Bavaro area

Bávaro was conceived as a town for the workers of the Punta Cana tourist complex, but it has been transformed into an important center for tourist services after the hotel expansion to the north of Punta Cana around Bávaro beach.[16] Throughout the area there are dozens of hotels such as Riu, Iberostar, Be Live Grand Punta Cana, Meliá, Barceló, Palladium, Catalonia or Bahía Príncipe. The area also has several nightclubs such as: Oro at Hard Rock Hotel, Imagine, and Coco Bongo or Pachá.

Resort entrance in Bavaro area

Numerous tourist attractions have been installed, some of a certain size such as the Manatí Park in Bávaro, a water park with manatees, dolphins and other kinds of animals. For tourists, the Punta Cana beach area is more popular because it is more affordable at international prices. Among the best-known digital magazines and newspapers in the entire eastern area are: BavaroDigital and BavaroMagazine.

Bavaro is connected by road with Higüey and La Otra Banda. It extends about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north to Playa Macao. Other nearby beaches are: Uvero Alto, Roco Ki and La Vacama. Bavaro has 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) of beaches. The XII Ibero-American Summit was held on this site on November 15 and 16, 2002, where the heads of state and government of 21 Spanish and Portuguese-speaking nations met.

The area has a low population density with the majority of the inhabitants being Haitian migrant workers. In 2010, Haitians represented 81.1 percent of the total population.[17]

Punta Cana is a tourist destination,[18] and the area is a key contributor to tourism in the Dominican Republic.

The following species have been registered in the waters around Punta Cana:

Group	Common name	Scientific name	Image	Notes
Fish	yellowtail snapper	Ocyurus chrysurus		[25]
	queen triggerfish	Balistes vetula
	glasseye	Heteropriacanthus cruentatis
	whitespotted filefish	Cantherhines macrocerus
	spotted goatfish	Pseudupeneus maculatus
	yellow goatfish	Mulloidichthys martinicus
	Bermuda chub	Kyphosus sectatrix
	great barracuda	Sphyraena barracuda
	bar jack	Caranx ruber
	saucereye porgy	Calamus calamus
	French angelfish	Pomacanthus paru
	southern stingray	Dasyatis americana
	yellow stingray	Urolobatis jamaicensis
	spotted eagle ray	Aetobatus narinari
	Caribbean reef shark	Carcharhinus perezi
	goldentail moray	Gymnothorax miliaris
	spotted moray	Gymnothorax moringa
	mangrove snapper	Lutjanus griseus
	mutton snapper	Lutjanus analis
	porkfish	Anisotremus virginicus
	black margate	Anisotremus surinamensis
	blue striped grunt	Haemulon sciurus
	Caesar grunt	Haemulon carbonarium
	French grunt	Haemulon flavolineatum
	Spanish grunt	Haemulon macrostomum
	tomtate grunt	Haemulon aurolineatum
	white grunt	Haemulon plumierii
	black grouper	Mycteroperca bonaci
	coney	Cephalopholis fulva
	Nassau grouper	Epinephelus striatus
	sergeant major	Abudefduf saxatilis
	lucky grouper	Epinephelus guttatus
	yellowfin grouper	Mycteroperca venenosa
	graysby	Cephalopholis cruentata
	harlequin bass	Serranus tigrinus
	princess parrotfish	Scarus taeniopterus
	queen parrotfish	Scarus vetula
	rainbow parrotfish	Scarus guacamaia
	redband parrotfish	Sparisoma aurofrenatum
	redfin parrotfish	Sparisoma rubripinne
	redtail parrotfish	Sparisoma chrysopterum
	stoplight parrotfish	Sparisoma viride
	Spanish hogfish	Bodianus rufus
	hogfish	Lachnolaimus maximus
	bonefish	Albula vulpes
	long-spine porcupinefish	Diodon holocanthus
	red lionfish (invasive)	Pterois volitans
	yellowtail damselfish	Microspathodon chrysurus
	yellowhead wrasse	Halichoeres garnoti
Reptiles	green sea turtle	Chelonia mydas
	hawksbill sea turtle	Eretmochelys imbricata
Mollusks	Caribbean reef squid	Sepioteuthis sepiodea
	common octopus	Octopus vulgaris
	queen conch	Lobatus gigas
Crustaceans	banded coral shrimp	Stenopus hispidus
	Caribbean spiny lobster	Panulirus argus
	spotted spiny lobster	Panulirus guttatus
		Scyllarides aequinoctialis
Corals	purple sea fan	Gorgonia ventalina
	sea ginger	Millepora alcicornis
	blade fire coral	Millepora complanata
		Millepora squarrosa
		Stephanoccenia intercepta
	elkhorn coral	Acropora palmata
	staghorn coral	Acropora cervicornis
	fused staghorn coral	Acropora prolifera
		Agaricia agarities
	finger coral	Porites porites
		Montastrea annuligera
		Montastrea colemani
		Montastrea curta
		Montastrea magnistellata
		Montastrea multipunctata
		Montastrea salebrosa
		Montastrea serageldini
	pillar coral	Dendrogyra cylindrus
Algae		Halimeda opuntia
	cactus tree alga	Caulerpa cupressoides
		Coelothrix irregularis
		Haploplegma duperryi
		Rhodophyta orden
		Dictyota cervicornis
		Stypopodium zonale
Sea grasses	turtlegrass	Thalassia testudinum
	manatee grass	Syringodium filiforme
Echinoderms	donkey dung sea cucumber	Holothuria mexicana
	black sea urchin	Diadema antillarum
Mammals	West Indian manatee	Trichechus manatus
Birds	brown pelican	Pelecanus occidentalis
	common tern	Sterna hirundo
	great egret	Ardea alba
	green heron	Butorides virescens
	yellow-crowned night heron	Nyctanassa violacea
	killdeer	Charadrius vociferus
	western osprey	Pandion haliaetus
	magnificent frigatebird	Fregata magnificens

• 
  Satellite image of Punta Cana (1999)
• 
  Satellite image of Punta Cana (2018)

• Puntacana Resort and Club

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Punta Cana.

• Punta Cana travel guide from Wikivoyage