Centroleninae

Centroleninae
	Centrolene buckleyi
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Centrolenidae
Subfamily:	Centroleninae; Taylor, 1951
Type genus
	Centrolene; Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
Diversity
	9 genera (see text)

Centroleninae is one of two subfamilies of the family Centrolenidae.[1][2] It has nine genera distributed in Central America from Honduras south and east to northern and central South America. As of mid 2015, it contains 117 species.[1]

Taxonomy

Centroleninae are defined based on molecular and morphological characteristics, none of which are obvious to a naked eye. However, in several species a fighting behaviour that might be synapomorphy has been observed: males dangle by their feet and grapple venter-to-venter; amplexus-like or wrestling on leaves fighting of Hyalinobatrachinae is hypothesized to be primitive behaviour. Their sister taxon is ambiguous, it is either genus Ikakogi or subfamily Hyalinobatrachinae.[3]

Genera

There are nine genera:[1]

Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 (27 sp.)
Chimerella Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (2 sp.)
Cochranella Taylor, 1951 (9 sp.)
Espadarana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (5 sp.)
Nymphargus Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2007 (38 sp.)
Rulyrana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (6 sp.)
Sachatamia Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (5 sp.)
Teratohyla Taylor, 1951 (5 sp.)
Vitreorana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (10 sp.)

Several species have uncertain generic placement and are placed in Centroleninae Incertae Sedis, awaiting for more information:[1]

"Centrolene" acanthidiocephalum (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1989)
"Centrolene" azulae (Flores and McDiarmid, 1989)
"Centrolene" guanacarum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
"Centrolene" medemi (Cochran and Goin, 1970)
"Centrolene" petrophilum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991
"Centrolene" quindianum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
"Centrolene" robledoi Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
"Cochranella" duidaeana (Ayarzagüena, 1992)
"Cochranella" euhystrix (Cadle and McDiarmid, 1990)
"Cochranella" geijskesi (Goin, 1966)
"Cochranella" megista (Rivero, 1985)
"Cochranella" ramirezi Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991
"Cochranella" riveroi (Ayarzagüena, 1992)
"Cochranella" xanthocheridia Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995

The AmphibiaWeb includes Ikakogi Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 in this subfamily,[4] whereas it is not included in any subfamily in the Amphibian Species of the World.[5]

References

Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Centroleninae Taylor, 1951". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
"Centrolenidae Taylor, 1951". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Guayasamin, J. M.; Castroviejo-Fisher, S.; Trueb, L.; Ayarzagüena, J.; Rada, M.; Vilà, C. (2009). "Phylogenetic systematics of glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni". Zootaxa. 2100: 1–97. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2100.1.1. hdl:1808/13694.
"Centrolenidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Centrolenidae Taylor, 1951". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 20 June 2015.

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[frost-1] Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Centroleninae Taylor, 1951". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 20 June 2015.

[2] "Centrolenidae Taylor, 1951". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 20 June 2015.

[GuayasaminEtAl-3] Guayasamin, J. M.; Castroviejo-Fisher, S.; Trueb, L.; Ayarzagüena, J.; Rada, M.; Vilà, C. (2009). "Phylogenetic systematics of glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni". Zootaxa. 2100: 1–97. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2100.1.1. hdl:1808/13694.

[AmphibiaWeb-4] "Centrolenidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.

[5] Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Centrolenidae Taylor, 1951". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 20 June 2015.