Cephalocereus

Cephalocereus is a genus of slow-growing, columnar-shaped, blue-green cacti. The genus is native to Mexico.

Cephalocereus
Cephalocereus senilis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Tribe: Echinocereeae
Genus: Cephalocereus
Pfeiff.
Type species
Cephalocereus senilis
Species

See Text

Description

These cacti show a columnar and upright growth habit, and may be branched or unbranched reaching heights of 10 to 12 meters. The light green shoots, which turn gray with age, have a diameter of up to 40 centimeters and are almost completely covered by dense thorns near the top. On the 12 to 30 (or more) vertical ribs are closely spaced dimorphic areoles. The up to 5 central spines are yellowish to gray and up to 4 centimeters long. The numerous, bristly or hair-like radial spines usually enclose the shoot tightly. The flowers are medium-sized, tubular to bell-shaped, borne in a woolly structure called cephalium which can appear apically or laterally and open at night. The flower cup and the flower tube are covered with small scales.

The fruits are ovoid with small scales, and woolly. The smooth, pear-shaped seeds are black.

Taxonomy

Species

As of 2021 the following species are:[1]

ImageScientific nameDistribution
Cephalocereus apicicephalium E.Y.DawsonMexico (Oaxaca)
Cephalocereus columna-trajani (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) K.Schum.Mexico (Oaxaca and Puebla)
Cephalocereus euphorbioides (Haw.) Britton & RoseMexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
Cephalocereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) H.E.MooreMexico (Puebla, Oaxaca)
Cephalocereus macrocephalus F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.Mexico (Puebla, Oaxaca)
Cephalocereus mezcalaensis BravoMexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala)
Cephalocereus nizandensis (Bravo & T.MacDoug.) Buxb.Mexico (Oaxaca)
Cephalocereus nudus E.Y.DawsonMexico
Cephalocereus parvispinus S.Arias, H.J.Tapia & U.GuzmánMexico (Oaxaca)
Cephalocereus polylophus (DC.) Britton & RoseMexico (Guanajuato to Veracruz)
Cephalocereus sanchezmejoradae (A.B.Lau) H.J.Tapia & S.AriasMexico (Oaxaca).
Cephalocereus scoparius (Poselg.) Britton & RoseMexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca)
Cephalocereus senilis (Haw.) Pfeiff.Mexico (Hidalgo and Veracruz )
Cephalocereus tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) DiguetMexico (Oaxaca and Puebla)

Synonymy

Distribution and habitat

This genus of cacti is native to central and southern Mexico. Its habitat is desert scrub in the Central Mexican matorral and Southern Pacific dry forests.



References
  1. Korotkova, Nadja; Aquino, David; Arias, Salvador; Eggli, Urs; Franck, Alan; Gómez-Hinostrosa, Carlos; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Hernández, Héctor M.; Kohlbecker, Andreas; Köhler, Matias; Luther, Katja; Majure, Lucas C.; Müller, Andreas; Metzing, Detlev; Nyffeler, Reto; Sánchez, Daniel; Schlumpberger, Boris; Berendsohn, Walter G. (2021-08-31). "Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org – a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family". Willdenowia. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin. 51 (2). doi:10.3372/wi.51.51208. ISSN 0511-9618.
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