List of heads of the state of Bulgaria

This is a list of the heads of the modern Bulgarian state, from the establishment of the Principality of Bulgaria to the present day.

It also lists the general secretaries of the Bulgarian Communist Party in 1948–1990. From 1948 onwards, the general secretary was the country's de facto chief executive.

Principality of Bulgaria (1878–1908)

Prince Reign Claim
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
House Reign start Reign end Duration
1 Alexander I
1857–1893
(Lived: 36 years)
Battenberg 29 April 1879 7 September 1886
(Abdicated)
7 years, 131 days Elected by the First Grand National Assembly
2 Ferdinand I
1861–1948
(Lived: 87 years)
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry 7 July 1887 5 October 1908 21 years, 90 days Elected by the Third Grand National Assembly

Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)

  Denotes Regent
Tsar Reign Claim
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
House Reign start Reign end Duration
(2) Ferdinand I
1861–1948
(Lived: 87 years)
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry 5 October 1908 3 October 1918
(Abdicated)
9 years, 363 days Proclaimed himself as Tsar
3 Boris III
1894–1943
(Lived: 49 years)
3 October 1918 28 August 1943 †
(Died)
24 years, 329 days Son of Ferdinand I
4 Simeon II
Born 1937
(86 years old)
28 August 1943 15 September 1946
(Monarchy abolished)
3 years, 18 days Son of Boris III
Kiril, Prince of Preslav
1895–1945
(Lived: 49 years)
9 September 1944
(Deposed)
1 year, 12 days First Regency Council
For Simeon II
Bogdan Filov
1883–1945
(Lived: 61 years)
Lt. General
Nikola Mihov
1891–1945
(Lived: 53 years)
Todor Pavlov
1890–1977
(Lived: 87 years)
9 September 1944 15 September 1946
(Monarchy abolished)
2 years, 6 days Second Regency Council
For Simeon II
Venelin Ganev
1880–1966
(Lived: 86 years)
Tsvetko Boboshevski
1884–1952
(Lived: 68 years)

People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990)

Status
  Denotes Acting Head of State
Head of State Term of office Duration Political party
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Election Took office Left office
Chairman of the Provisional Presidency
Vasil Kolarov
1877–1950
(Lived: 72 years)
15 September 1946 9 December 1947 1 year, 85 days BCP
Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly
5 Mincho Neychev
1887–1956
(Lived: 69 years)
9 December 1947 27 May 1950 2 years, 169 days BCP
6 Georgi Damyanov
1892–1958
(Lived: 66 years)
27 May 1950 27 November 1958 † 8 years, 184 days
Georgi Kulishev
1885–1974
(Lived: 89 years)
27 November 1958 30 November 1958 3 days
Nikolay Georgiev
1906–1988
(Lived: 81 years)
BANU
7 Dimitar Ganev
1898–1964
(Lived: 65 years)
30 November 1958 20 April 1964 † 5 years, 142 days BCP
Georgi Kulishev
1885–1974
(Lived: 89 years)
20 April 1964 23 April 1964 3 days
Nikolay Georgiev
1906–1988
(Lived: 81 years)
BANU
8 Georgi Traykov
1898–1975
(Lived: 76 years)
23 April 1964 7 July 1971 7 years, 75 days BANU
Chairman of the State Council
9 Todor Zhivkov
1911–1998
(Lived: 86 years)
7 July 1971 17 November 1989 18 years, 133 days BCP
10 Petar Mladenov
1936–2000
(Lived: 63 years)
17 November 1989 3 April 1990 137 days
Chairman (President) of the Republic
(10) Petar Mladenov
1936–2000
(Lived: 63 years)
(Apr) 1990 3 April 1990 6 July 1990 94 days BSP
Stanko Todorov
1920–1996
(Lived: 76 years)
6 July 1990 17 July 1990 11 days
Nikolai Todorov
1921–2003
(Lived: 82 years)
17 July 1990 1 August 1990 15 days
11 Zhelyu Zhelev
1935–2015
(Lived: 79 years)
(Jul–Aug) 1990 1 August 1990 15 November 1990 106 days UDF

General Secretaries of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1948–1990)

General Secretary Term of office Notes
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Duration
1 Georgi Dimitrov
1882–1949
(Lived: 67 years)
27 December 1948 2 July 1949 187 days Also Prime Minister (1946–1949)
2 Valko Chervenkov
1900–1980
(Lived: 80 years)
2 July 1949 4 March 1954 4 years, 245 days Also Prime Minister (1950–1956)
3 Todor Zhivkov
1911–1998
(Lived: 86 years)
4 March 1954 10 November 1989 35 years, 251 days Also Prime Minister (1962–1971), and Chairman of the Council of State (1971–1989)
4 Petar Mladenov
1936–2000
(Lived: 63 years)
10 November 1989 2 February 1990 84 days Also Chairman of the Council of State (1989–1990)

Republic of Bulgaria (1990–present)

President Term of office Duration Political party
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Election Took office Left office
Chairman (President) of the Republic
(11) Zhelyu Zhelev
1935–2015
(Lived: 79 years)
(Jul-Aug) 1990 15 November 1990 22 January 1992 1 year, 68 days SDS
President of the Republic
(11) Zhelyu Zhelev
1935–2015
(Lived: 79 years)
1992 22 January 1992 22 January 1997 5 years SDS
12 Petar Stoyanov
Born 1952
(71 years old)
1996 22 January 1997 22 January 2002 5 years
13 Georgi Parvanov
Born 1957
(66 years old)
2001
2006
22 January 2002 22 January 2012 10 years BSP
14 Rosen Plevneliev
Born 1964
(59 years old)
2011 22 January 2012 22 January 2017 5 years GERB
15 Rumen Radev
Born 1963
(60 years old)
2016
2021
22 January 2017 Incumbent 6 years, 276 days Independent

Timeline from 1946

Rumen RadevRosen PlevnelievGeorgi ParvanovPetar StoyanovZhelyu ZhelevNikolai TodorovStanko TodorovPetar MladenovTodor ZhivkovGeorgi TraykovDimitar GanevGeorgi KulishevGeorgi DamyanovMincho NeychevVasil KolarovPetar MladenovTodor ZhivkovValko ChervenkovGeorgi Dimitrov

Head of state titles

State Years Title
Principality of Bulgaria 1879–1908 Prince of Bulgaria
Kingdom of Bulgaria 1908–1946 Tsar of Bulgaria
People's Republic of Bulgaria 1946–1947 Chairman of the Provisional
Presidency
1947–1971 Chairman of the Presidium
of the National Assembly
1971–1990 Chairman of the State
Council
1990 Chairman (President) of
the Republic
Republic of Bulgaria 1990–1992
1992–present President of the Republic

See also

Notes

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