Charlotte Motor Speedway

Charlotte Motor Speedway is a motorsport complex located in Concord, North Carolina, 13-mile (21 km) outside Charlotte. The complex features a 1.500 mi (2.414 km) quad oval track that hosts NASCAR racing including the prestigious Coca-Cola 600 on Memorial Day weekend, and the Bank of America Roval 400. The speedway was built in 1959 by Bruton Smith and is considered the home track for NASCAR with many race teams located in the area. The track is owned and operated by Speedway Motorsports with Greg Walter as track president.

Charlotte Motor Speedway
"America's Home for Racing"


Quad Oval (1960–present)

Roval (2018–present)[lower-alpha 1]
Location5555 Concord Parkway South
Concord, NC, 28027
Time zoneUTC−5 (UTC−4 DST)
Coordinates35°21′09″N 80°40′57″W
CapacityDepending on Configuration 94,000-171,000[1][2][3]
OwnerSpeedway Motorsports (1975–present)
OperatorSpeedway Motorsports (1975–present)
Broke ground1959
Opened19 June 1960 (1960-06-19)
Construction cost$1.25 million
ArchitectBruton Smith and Curtis Turner
Former namesCharlotte Motor Speedway (1960–1998, 2010–present)
Lowe's Motor Speedway (1999–2009)
Major eventsCurrent:
NASCAR Cup Series
Coca-Cola 600 (1960–present)
Bank of America Roval 400 (1960–present)
NASCAR All-Star Race (1985, 1987–2019)
NASCAR Xfinity Series
Alsco Uniforms 300 (1978–present)
Drive for the Cure 250 (1973–present)
NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series
North Carolina Education Lottery 200 (2003–present)
ARCA Menards Series
General Tire 150 (1996–2004, 2018–2019, 2021–present)
Former:
IMSA SportsCar Championship
Grand Prix of Charlotte (1971, 1974, 1982–1986, 2000, 2020)
Trans-Am Series (1981, 2000, 2022)
IndyCar
VisionAire 500K (1997–1999)
Pirelli World Challenge (2000, 2007)
AMA Superbike Championship (1977, 1980, 1991–1993)
Can-Am (1978–1979)
Quad Oval (1960–present)
SurfaceAsphalt
Length1.500 miles (2.414 km)
Turns4
BankingTurns: 24°
Straights: 5°
Race lap record0:24.735 (Sweden Kenny Bräck, Dallara IR-7, 1998, IndyCar)
NASCAR Road Course "Roval" (2019–present)[lower-alpha 1]
SurfaceAsphalt
Length2.280 miles (3.669 km)
Turns17
BankingOval turns: 24°
Oval straights: 5°
Race lap record1:18.188 (United States Paul Menard, Chevrolet Camaro Trans-Am, 2022, Trans-Am)
NASCAR Road Course "Roval" (2018)[lower-alpha 1]
SurfaceAsphalt
Length2.280 miles (3.669 km)
Turns17
BankingOval turns: 24°
Oval straights: 5°
Race lap record1:18.078 (United States Kyle Larson, Chevrolet Camaro ZL1, 2018, NASCAR Cup)
Roval (1971–2014)
SurfaceAsphalt
Length2.250 miles (3.621 km)
Turns18
BankingOval turns: 24°
Oval straights: 5°
Race lap record1:05.524 (Denmark Jan Magnussen, Panoz LMP-1 Roadster-S, 2000, LMP900)

The 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) complex also features a state-of-the-art 0.250 mi (0.402 km) drag racing strip, ZMAX Dragway. It is the only all-concrete, four-lane drag strip in the United States and hosts NHRA events. Alongside the drag strip is a state-of-the-art clay oval that hosts dirt racing including the World of Outlaws finals among other popular racing events.

History
Satellite image of Charlotte Motor Speedway

Charlotte Motor Speedway was designed and built by Bruton Smith and partner and driver Curtis Turner in 1959. The first World 600 NASCAR race was held at the 1.500 mi (2.414 km) speedway on June 19, 1960. On December 8, 1961, the speedway filed bankruptcy notice. Judge J. B. Craven of United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina reorganized it under Chapter 10 of the Bankruptcy Act; Judge Craven appointed Robert "Red" Robinson as the track's trustee until March 1962. At that point, a committee of major stockholders in the speedway was assembled, headed by A. C. Goines and furniture store owner Richard Howard. Goines, Howard and Robinson worked to secure loans and other monies to keep the speedway afloat.[4]

By April 1963 some $750,000 was paid to twenty secured creditors and the track emerged from bankruptcy; Judge Craven appointed Goines as speedway president and Howard as assistant general manager of the speedway, handling its day-to-day operations. By 1964 Howard become the track's general manager, and on June 1, 1967, the speedway's mortgage was paid in full; a public burning of the mortgage was held at the speedway two weeks later.[5]

Smith departed from the speedway in 1962 to pursue other business interests, primarily in banking and auto dealerships from his new home of Rockford, Illinois. He became quite successful and began buying out shares of stock in the speedway. By 1974 Smith was more heavily involved in the speedway, to where Richard Howard by 1975 stated, "I haven't been running the speedway. It's being run from Illinois."[6] In 1975 Smith had become the majority stockholder, regaining control of its day-to-day operations. Smith hired H. A. "Humpy" Wheeler as general manager in October 1975, and on January 29, 1976, Richard Howard resigned as president and GM of the speedway.

Together Smith and Wheeler began to implement plans for improvement and expansion of the speedway.[3]

Night racing at Charlotte Motor Speedway

In the following years, new grandstands and luxury suites were added along with modernized concessions and restrooms to increase the comfort for race fans. Smith Tower, a 135,000 square feet (12,500 m2), seven-story facility was built and connected to the grandstands in 1988. The tower houses the speedway corporate offices, ticket office, gift shop, leased offices and The Speedway Club, an exclusive dining and entertainment facility. The speedway became the first sports facility in America to offer year round living accommodations when 40 condominia were built overlooking turn 1 in 1984, twelve additional condominium units were later added in 1991.[3]

In 1992, Smith and Wheeler directed the installation of a $1.7 million, 1,200-fixture permanent lighting system around the track developed by Musco lighting. The track became the first modern superspeedway to host night racing, and was the largest lighted speedway until 1998 when lights were installed around the 2.500 mi (4.023 km) Daytona International Speedway. In 1994, Smith and Wheeler added a new $1 million, 20,000 square feet (1,900 m2) garage area to the speedway's infield.[3]

In 1995, 26-year-old Russell Phillips was killed in one of the most gruesome crashes in auto racing history.

From 1997 to 1999 the track hosted the IndyCar Series. On lap 61 of the 1999 race, a crash led to a car losing a tire, which was then propelled into the grandstands by another car. Three spectators were killed and eight others were injured in the incident. The race was canceled shortly after, and the series has not returned to the track since. The incident, along with a similar incident in July 1998 in a Champ Car race at Michigan International Speedway, led to new rules requiring cars to have tethers attached to wheel hubs to prevent tires from breaking away in a crash. Also following the crash, the catch fencing at Charlotte and other SMI owned tracks was raised from 15 ft (4.6 m) high with 3 ft (0.91 m) overhangs to 21 ft (6.4 m) with 6 ft (1.8 m) overhangs to help prevent debris from entering the stands.[7]

In February 1999, Lowe's bought the naming rights to the speedway, making it the first race track in the country with a corporate sponsor. Lowe's chose not to renew its naming rights after the 2009 NASCAR season.[8] The track reverted to its original name, Charlotte Motor Speedway, in 2010.[9]

In 2005, the surface of the track had begun to wear since its last repaving in 1994. This resulted in track officials diamond-grinding the track, a process known as levigation, to smooth out bumps that had developed. The ground surface caused considerable tire-wear problems in both of the NASCAR races that year. Both races saw a high number of accidents as a result of tire failure due to the roughness of the surface. In 2006, the track was completely repaved.[10]

Charlotte Motor Speedway's high definition video screen in 2013.

Track president "Humpy" Wheeler retired following the Coca-Cola 600 on May 25, 2008, and was replaced by Marcus Smith.[11] At the end of 2008, the speedway reduced capacity by 25,000 citing reduced ticket sales. At the same time, the front stretch seats were upgraded from 18 in (46 cm) fold down seats to 22 in (56 cm) stadium style seats that were acquired from the recently demolished Charlotte Coliseum. On September 22, 2010, the speedway announced a partnership with Panasonic to install the world's largest high definition video board at the track.[12][13] The video board measures approximately 200 ft (61 m) wide by 80 ft (24 m) tall, containing over nine million LEDs and is situated between turns 2 and 3 along the track's backstretch. It has since been surpassed in size by the video board at Texas Motor Speedway.[14] The track demolished the Diamond Tower Terrace grandstand on the backstretch in 2014 to reduce the track's seating capacity to 89,000. Charlotte Motor Speedway reduced their seating capacity by 31% due to the continuing declining attendance.[15] This downfall of attendance has not only been felt at Charlotte Motor Speedway, but all throughout NASCAR, thus causing Daytona International Speedway to go through renovations, also reducing seating.[15][16]

Grandstand fatalities

On Saturday night, May 1, 1999, at the VisionAire 500K Indy Racing League race, as reported by IRL announcer Mike King, grandstands in the apex of Turn 1 were closed, but seats in Turns 1 and 2 past the apex were open. Seats outside of Turn 4 were also closed. When attendance grew beyond the 50,000 expected for the race, extra sections of stands were opened, and one of them was the section of track where the debris flew in Turn 4. Buddy Lazier was leading the race at the time of the caution for the Lap 62 crash involving Stan Wattles and John Paul Jr. when Wattles’ rear suspension failed, with the right rear wheel assembly hit by Paul, launching it into the grandstands. After pit stops, Greg Ray was leading the race when the race was abandoned. The race was canceled after 79 laps, and the IRL did not return.

Aftermath

That incident, and a previous incident in July 1998 in a Champ Car race at Michigan which also killed three spectators (that race was run to its finish), led to new rules requiring cars to have tethers attached to wheel hubs in an effort to prevent such incidents from happening again. New catch fencing was also invented, curved so debris could not sail as easily into the grandstands.

Bridge collapse

On May 20, 2000, fans were crossing a pedestrian bridge from the track to a nearby parking lot after that year's The Winston (NASCAR's all-star race). An 80-foot (24 m) section of the walkway fell onto a highway in Concord.[17] In total, 107 fans were injured at Lowe's Motor Speedway when the bridge dropped 17 feet (5.2 m) to the ground.[18] Nearly 50 lawsuits against the speedway resulted from the incident, with many being settled out of court. Investigators have said the bridge builder, Tindall Corp., used an improper additive to help the concrete filler at the bridge's center cure faster. The additive contained calcium chloride, which corroded the structure's steel cables and led to the collapse.[17] The incident is considered one of the biggest disasters in NASCAR history.[18]

Layouts

Quad oval
See also: List of NASCAR race tracks

The main quad oval is 1.500 mi (2.414 km) long with turns banked at 24 degrees and the straightaways banked at 5 degrees. Currently, the configuration hosts the NASCAR Cup Series (NASCAR All-Star Race and Coca-Cola 600), Xfinity Series (Alsco Uniforms 300), and Truck Series (North Carolina Education Lottery 200). The quad oval is asymmetrical with turns 1 and 2 being 2400 ft long and turns 3 and 4 being 2040 ft long. [19]

Short oval

Inside the front stretch is a 0.250 mi (0.402 km) flat oval designed after Bowman-Gray Stadium. The 1/4-mile track previously hosted the NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour. Now it currently hosts the Summer Shootout Series and other events such as the Legends Million.

Road course / "Roval"
Daniel Suárez testing the "Roval" course in July 2018.

Contained within the main oval is a 2.280 mi (3.669 km) road course and a 0.600 mi (0.966 km) Kart course. The autumn races for both the NASCAR Cup Series and the NASCAR Xfinity Series take place on the road course, promoted as a "Roval". The final version was announced on January 22, 2018. The layout combines the 1.500 mi (2.414 km) oval with the infield road-racing section over 17 turns.[20] In 2019, the Roval's backstretch chicane was redesigned, with an increase in width from 32 to 54 ft (9.8 to 16.5 m). The redesign requires heavier braking and a sharper entry, but allows better passing opportunities.[21][22] AJ Allmendinger has 4 straight wins on the Charlotte road course in the Xfinity Series, from 2019 to 2022.

zMAX Dragway
zMAX Dragway

The zMAX Dragway is a state-of-the-art four-lane drag strip, located on 125 acres (0.51 km2) of speedway property across U.S. Highway 29 from the main superspeedway. It was built in 2008 involving a total of 1,876 workers and a combined 636,000 man hours. With 300 workers on site daily working an average 11-hour shift, a 13-month construction project turned into a 6-month one. At one point during construction, concern by nearby residents led Concord city council to rezone land the drag strip was being built on, preventing it from being built. Following the decision Smith threatened to close Charlotte Motor Speedway and build a track elsewhere in Metrolina.[23][24] When asked if he would go through with the threat Smith replied "I am deadly serious".[24] After a month of negotiations, the issue was settled and, instead of the speedway closing, Smith announced $200 million worth of improvements including road and highway improvements, as well as noise attenuation for the drag strip.[23] The drag strip officially opened on August 20, 2008, and a public open house was held a few days later. The first NHRA event was held September 11–14, 2008.[25]

The dragway features the first of two all-concrete, four-lane drag strips in the United States. (The track was the only four-lane track of its kind from 2008 until the spring of 2018, when renovations were completed at Las Vegas Motor Speedway, converting its dragstrip into a four-lane configuration.) The starting line tower is 34,000 square feet (3,200 m2) and includes 16 luxury suites, race control areas and a press box. Two grandstands, one on either side of the strip, can hold a combined 30,000 spectators. Twenty-four luxury suites with hospitality accommodations are located above the main grandstand. Two tunnels run underneath the strip to enhance fan mobility between the two grandstands.[26]

The Dirt Track

The Dirt Track at Charlotte[27] is a 1,300 ft (400 m) clay oval located across Highway 29 from the quad-oval speedway. The stadium-style facility, built in 2000, has nearly 14,000 seats and plays host to Dirt Late Models, Modifieds, Sprint Cars, Monster Trucks and the prestigious World of Outlaws World Finals.[3] In 2013, the track hosted the Global Rallycross Round 8.

Events

Current races
The 2018 Bank of America Roval 400 at Charlotte Motor Speedway, the first race held on the road course configuration.

Former races

Other events

The facility is considered one of the busiest sports venues in the country, typically with over 380 events a year. Along with many races, the speedway also hosts the Charlotte Auto Fair twice a year, one of the nation's largest car shows. Movies and commercials have been filmed at the speedway, notably Days of Thunder, and it is a popular tourist stop and car testing grounds.[3] The facility also hosts several driving schools year-round, such as Richard Petty Driving Experience, where visitors have the opportunity to experience the speedway from a unique point-of-view behind the wheel of a race car.[30]

The feature of the April 2005 Food Lion Auto Fair at the speedway was a popular sculpture exhibition, Jim Gary's Twentieth Century Dinosaurs. It is a menagerie of Garysauruses, all life-sized, and constructed of automobile parts. A special tent housed the heavily attended exhibition and a huge Gary sculpture, over forty feet long, was displayed at the entrance to the raceway during the entire fair. H. A. "Humpy" Wheeler and the speedway then sponsored the funding for the traveling sculpture exhibition to be featured by Belk College of Business on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte where a self-guided tour of the campus-wide display was extended to the end of July.[31]

In 2006 the speedway hosted the world premiere of Pixar's 2006 film Cars.

American Idol season twelve auditions took place at the speedway from October 2–3, 2012.[32]

Since 2013, the annual Carolina Rebellion hard rock and heavy metal festival concert on the first weekend in May has been held at the Rock City Campgrounds located at the speedway. Bands such as Avenged Sevenfold, Kid Rock, Deftones, Disturbed, ZZ Top, Halestorm, Sevendust, Anthrax. Five Finger Death Punch, and All That Remains have played at Carolina Rebellion. The event was extended to three-day format in 2016, with 80,000 in attendance.[33]

Proposed football stadium

During the mid-1980s, there was a plan to build a football stadium on the frontstretch of the track with the goal of luring either an NFL or USFL team. The stadium would have held 76,000 and had temporary stands at both endzones and grandstand seating behind pit road that could have been lowered on hydraulic lifts for races and cost $12 million. There were two interested parties in bringing a professional football franchise to Charlotte, businessman George Shinn and Smith. By 1984, Shinn was in the running for a USFL franchise for Charlotte that would have played in the proposed stadium. In mid-March 1985, Bruton Smith announced that Charlotte Motor Speedway was in the market for an NFL team. After Smith demanded that the city of Charlotte pay for the project the plan collapsed.[34] Shinn eventually landed the NBA Charlotte Hornets and the NFL came to town in the form of the Carolina Panthers; however, the Panthers owner Jerry Richardson would go on to build his own stadium in Charlotte.

Track records
1.500 mi (2.414 km) quad-oval
RecordYearDateDriverCar makeTimeSpeed/Average speed
NASCAR Cup Series
Qualifying2014October 9Kurt BuschChevrolet27.167198.771 mph (319.891 km/h)
Race (600 miles)2016May 29Martin Truex Jr.Toyota3:44:05160.655 mph (258.549 km/h)
Race (500 miles)1999October 10Jeff GordonChevrolet3:07:31160.306 mph (257.987 km/h)
NASCAR Xfinity Series
Qualifying2005October 11Jimmie JohnsonChevrolet28.763187.735 mph (302.130 km/h)
Race (300 miles)1996May 25Mark MartinFord1:55:23155.996 mph (251.051 km/h)
NASCAR Truck Series
Qualifying2014May 16Kyle BuschToyota29.384183.773 mph (295.754 km/h)
Race (200 miles)2016May 21Matt CraftonToyota1:25:01141.855 mph (228.293 km/h)
Indy Racing League
Qualifying1998July 24Tony StewartDallara24.320[35]222.039 mph (357.337 km/h)
Race (312 mi (502 km))1997July 26Buddy LazierDallara1:55:29.224162.096 mph (260.868 km/h)
Source:[36]
zMAX Dragway
RecordYearDateDriverVehicleTimeSpeed
Top Fuel 2019 Apr. 26 Mike Salinas Morgan Lucas Racing dragster 3.687 327.43 mph (526.95 km/h)
Funny Car 2017 Apr.28 Courtney Force Camaro 3.851 323.27 mph (520.25 km/h)
Mountain Motor Pro Stock 2019 Apr. 26 JR Carr Camaro 6.240 225.79 mph (363.37 km/h)
Pro Stock Car2015Apr. 26Jason LineCamaro6.455214.48 mph (345.17 km/h)
Pro Stock Motorcycle2018Apr. 29Jerry SavoieSuzuki6.765195.73 mph (315.00 km/h)
Monster Truck[37] 2012 Mar. 17 Randy Moore Aaron's Outdoor Monster Truck 96.80 miles per hour (155.78 km/h)

NOTE: The track records listed for Top Fuel and Funny Car are in the 1,000 foot (304.8 meter) increment.

Lap records

As of May 2023, the fastest official race lap records at Charlotte Motor Speedway are listed as:

CategoryTimeDriverVehicleDate
NASCAR "Roval" (Road Course-Oval with chicanes): 3.669 km (2019–present)[lower-alpha 1][22][38]
Trans-Am1.18.188[39]Paul MenardChevrolet Camaro Trans-Am2022 Charlotte Trans-Am round
NASCAR Cup1:21.795[40]A. J. AllmendingerChevrolet Camaro ZL12022 Bank of America Roval 400
NASCAR Xfinity1:23.330[41]Ty GibbsChevrolet Camaro SS2022 Drive for the Cure 250
LM GTE1:26.655[42]Connor De PhillippiBMW M8 GTE2020 MOTUL 100% Synthetic Grand Prix
GT31:27.546[42]Bill AuberlenBMW M6 GT32020 MOTUL 100% Synthetic Grand Prix
NASCAR "Roval" (Road Course-Oval with chicanes): 3.669 km (2018)[lower-alpha 1][22][38]
NASCAR Cup1:18.078[43]Kyle LarsonChevrolet Camaro ZL12018 Bank of America Roval 400
NASCAR Xfinity1:18.869[44]Chase BriscoeFord Mustang GT2018 Drive for the Cure 200
Oval: 2.414 km (1960–present)[22][38]
IndyCar0:24.735[45]Kenny BräckDallara IR-71998 VisionAire 500K
NASCAR Cup0:28.598[46]Jimmie JohnsonChevrolet SS2017 Coca-Cola 600
NASCAR Xfinity0:29.962[47]Kyle BuschToyota Supra2020 Alsco 300
NASCAR Truck0:30.017[48]Carson HocevarChevrolet Silverado2023 North Carolina Education Lottery 200
Road Course: 3.621 km (1971–2014)[22][38]
LMP9001:05.524[49]Jan MagnussenPanoz LMP-1 Roadster-S2000 Grand Prix of Charlotte
IMSA GTP1:08.170[50]Bob WollekFord Mustang GTP1984 Charlotte GT 500
Can-Am1:09.443[51]Alan JonesLola T333CS1978 World 600 Charlotte
GT1 (GTS)1:10.817[49]Karl WendlingerDodge Viper GTS-R2000 Grand Prix of Charlotte
IMSA GTO1:12.756[52]Dennis AaseToyota Celica1985 Grand Prix of Charlotte
IMSA GTP Lights1:12.853[53]John MaffucciArgo JM16B1985 Grand Prix of Charlotte
Group 41:14.406[54]Peter GreggPorsche 911 Carrera RSR1974 Charlotte 300
Trans-Am1:15.046[55]George FollmerChevrolet Camaro1981 Charlotte Trans-Am round
GT1:15.277[49]Dirk MüllerPorsche 911 GT3-R (996)2000 Grand Prix of Charlotte
IMSA GTU1:16.127[52]Chris CordToyota Celica1985 Grand Prix of Charlotte

Notes
  1. The backstraight chicane was changed in the Roval layout in 2019, despite the circuit layout length is same.

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  53. "Charlotte 500 Kilometres 1985". Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  54. "Charlotte 300 Miles 1974". Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  55. "Trans-Am Charlotte 1981". Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
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