Midhurst Railways

Midhurst railways in 1866

In the 1850s it was felt urgently necessary to connect Portsmouth with London, and a considerable number of schemes were put forward. One would have aligned such a route from Godalming through Midhurst and Chichester, and from there along the coast, but in fact other, more roundabout routes were preferred. Although never built, the line had an enduring significance as it marked the boundary between the agreed territory of the LBSCR and the LSWR: the two companies agreed not to encroach on the other's area of influence.[1][2]

The tract of land south-west of Horsham was largely agricultural, with no large settlements. The population of Petworth in 1851 was 2,439 and Midhurst had 1,481 inhabitants. Although never on a main line Midhurst attracted the attention of railway builders, and three railway routes approached the town. [3][4]

They connected into the growing railway network of southern England. The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway had its West Coast line running from Brighton to Chichester, actually opened by the Brighton and Chichester Railway, in 1846.[5] This was extended to Portsmouth in 1847.[6] To the north-west ran the Portsmouth Direct line, operated by the London and South Western Railway. To the north lay Horsham station, terminus of a branch from Three Bridges on the London to Brighton main line of the LBSCR.[7]

The Mid-Sussex and Midhurst Junction Railway had considered extending from Midhurst to Petersfield, on the Portsmouth line, controlled by the London and South Western Railway, but were deterred from doing so by the territorial exclusivity agreement between the LBSCR and the LSWR, Midhurst being considered to be the boundary. The connection was seen to be desirable, so a company was projected to make the line: it was to be called the Petersfield Railway, and its estimated cost was £90,000.[1][8] A Bill was presented to Parliament for the Petersfield Railway; it would run from a junction with the Mid-Sussex and Midhurst Railway at Midhurst to a junction with the Portsmouth line immediately north of Petersfield station. During the consideration of the Bill in Parliament, there was a significant difference of views between, the Petersfield Railway and the MS&MR, and the Mid-Sussex company managed to have a clause inserted into the Petersfield Railway Act to specifically preclude a junction with its line. On that basis the Petersfield Railway got its authorising Act on 23 July 1860. It was independent of the LSWR, and the line was to be 9+1⁄2 miles in length.[9][8]

A shareholders' meeting at the time of authorisation was told that an extension of the line to Southampton, connecting and running over the Bishops Waltham branch, would be possible. This was taken as an attractive idea, although the extension at 23+1⁄2 miles would be more than double the length of the authorised line; it would cost £260,000. The idea went to Parliament in 1861 but was rejected there, on the basis of opposition from the LSWR. An appeal to reconsider was later made to the LSWR board, but they declined to consider supporting the line.[10][8]

In September 1861 negotiations took place with the LSWR over absorption, and it was agreed that the Petersfield Railway would be sold to the LSWR for £110,000 in cash. This arrangement was made effective on 1 January 1863, and was authorised by an Act of 22 June 1863.[11][9][12]

Petersfield station looking south; a Midhurst train is at the platform

Construction proceeded and Col Yolland of the Board of Trade inspected the line on 27 May 1864. However he was dissatisfied with some signal locations, and he required a full double junction at Petersfield. This was attended to, and he gave his consent for opening on 18 August 1864. The line opened to the public on 1 September 1864. It was the first railway at Midhurst.[11][9][12]

The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway constructed a branch line from Three Bridges to Horsham, opening it on 14 February 1848. [7][13] The tract of land south-west of Horsham was largely agricultural, with no large settlements. The population of Petworth in 1851 was 2,439 and Midhurst had 1,481 inhabitants.[3]

Despite the unpromising potential railway business, the LBSCR encouraged the formation of a nominally independent company to build a line from Horsham to Petworth. The Mid-Sussex Railway was promoted, and obtained its authorising Act of Parliament on 10 August 1857.[14] The line ran through Billingshurst and Pulborough. From there on to Petworth, the line was designed to remain on the south of the River Rother to minimise river crossings, with the result that the Petworth station was about 1+1⁄2 miles from the settlement itself, at a place known as Coultershaw Mill, a distance of 17+1⁄2 miles from Horsham.[14][15][4][16] The LBSCR's Horsham station had been built as a terminus, and it was unsuitable for a continuation to Petworth, so a new and larger passenger station was built nearby by the LBSCR.[17] Already at this stage, the idea of extending the line to Littlehampton was taking shape; this would run from a junction south of Pulborough, and the section from Horsham to that point was already referred to as the main line, and from there to Petworth as "the Coultershaw branch".[18][15][8]

A ceremonial opening of the line took place on 10 August 1859, and full public operation started on 13 August 1859. The train service consisted of five passenger trains each way daily from Three Bridges.[19]

The Mid-Sussex Railway was leased by the LBSCR and operated by it, and the Company was taken over by the LBSCR by Act of 29 July 1864.[14]

The Mid-Sussex Railway had been conceived as a line to Petworth and possibly Midhurst and Petersfield, although in fact the latter were connected by other companies. In the early stages of the construction of the Mid-Sussex Railway, it was decided to press on to Arundel and Littlehampton, and the LBSCR obtained authorisation to do so under the title of the Mid-Sussex Junction Railway. The powers to do this included doubling the original Mid-Sussex Railway between Horsham and a junction at Hardham, south of Pulborough. This line opened from Hardham Junction to Littlehampton on 3 August 1863.[20]

Long before the Mid-Sussex Railway was completed, an extension from Petworth to Midhurst was decided upon, and another nominally independent company was formed to construct it. This was the Mid-Sussex & Midhurst Railway, which was authorised to construct a line from Petworth to Midhurst by an Act of 13 August 1859. Authorised share capital was £70,000 for a line of 5+1⁄2 miles.[21][14] There had been plans to extend the line on to Petersfield, on the Portsmouth Direct line of the London and South Western Railway, but there was a territorial exclusivity agreement in place between the LBSCR and the LSWR. The LBSCR feared that the extension would breach the agreement and discouraged the inclusion of the Petersfield extension in the plans. That route was built by the Petersfield Railway company.[21][14][22]

The Mid-Sussex and Midhurst Junction company had difficulty in raising share capital from the outset, and in an 1860 Act the LBSCR was authorised to take £30,000 in shares.[23]

The company was authorised to lease its line to the LB&SCR by an Act of 7 August 1862, long before the line opened on 15 October 1866 and was acquired by the LB&SCR by an Act of 30 July 1866 but this did not take effect until June 1874. At Midhurst the Act authorising the Petersfield Railway had prohibited it from extending to join the Mid-Sussex and Midhurst Junction railway, so that there were now two stations in the town, about a quarter mile apart.[14][22][23]

The LSWR (former Petersfield Railway) and the LBSCR (former Mid-Sussex and Midhurst Junction Railway) had two separate stations in Midhurst, not far apart. Colonel Yolland had commented adversely on the arrangement during his inspection of the Petersfield line on 18 August 1864.[12] A goods-only connecting line, 11 chains in length, was made and opened on 17 December 1866.[22][23]

In 1866 a siding connection had been made between the LSWR station at Midhurst and the MS&MJR station there. It was intended purely for occasional wagon transfer, and was expected to be worked by horse traction. Accordingly a bridge over Bepton Road was made of light construction, inadequate to carry locomotives. When Col Yolland inspected the Chichester line on 10 July 1881 he commented adversely on the fact that passengers making an interconnection at Midhurst had to walk in the open between the two stations, and he recommended that the LSWR be brought into the new LBSCR station without delay.

This issue continued to be a sore for some time, and eventually the West Sussex County Council pursued the matter to the Railway and Canal Commissioners in October 1892. The cost to make a full connection was estimated at £1,600 and neither the LSWR nor the LBSCR felt that this would be money well spent, in view of the limited volume of through passenger business. The LSWR indeed asserted that Midhurst was the "leanest part of their leanest district". Moreover the timetable of passenger trains was determined by connections out of main line trains at Petersfield and Pulborough respectively, and arranging close connectional times would disrupt that. The Commissioners conceded the railway position, and made no direction on the matter.[34]

The royal train at Midhurst (LBSCR) on 13 June 1906

Goodwood races attracted royal visitors, and the royal train was frequently used to bring the Prince of Wales, among others. In addition he often visited West Dean House, near Singleton station, where he had close friends.[35]

The decision was taken to close the passenger service between Chichester and Midhurst, and this took effect on 7 July 1935.[37]

A limited goods service continued but during World War 2 the line took up a new duty. Singleton and Cocking tunnels were used for storing wagons containing naval ammunition the period of stabling lasted from 1940 until 1944. After the war a heavy seasonal traffic in sugar beet developed, and for the time being general goods traffic was buoyant. A pick-up goods ran over the line from Chichester to Horsham, returning on the Arundel line.[38]

On the morning of 19 November 1951 the morning goods train from Chichester ran into a washout, where a culvert had been washed away. The locomotive dropped into the stream below.[39] The locomotive was eventually recovered but it was decided that it was uneconomic to reinstate the line, which was therefore permanently severed at this point, some distance south of Midhurst. For the time being, Lavant, Singleton and Cocking goods stations were served from Chichester as a dead-end branch. Singleton and Cocking goods stations were closed on 28 August 1957.[38]

Ordinary goods services on what was now the Lavant branch were discontinued from 5 August 1968, and the seasonal sugar beet traffic was the only remaining traffic; it too ceased in 1970.[38]

The branch was dormant for some time, but in January 1972 a gravel extraction business opened a rail connection.

From February a gravel extraction business operated from a site near Lavant; block trains ran to Drayton, not far east of Chichester, where there was a washery. Trains of eleven 90 tonnes gross laden weight wagons operate six return trips a day. The site is operated by John Hever Limited. A slight realignment of the track at Lavant and a dramatic gradient took the track down under hydraulically operated feed hoppers.[40] The traffic continued until 1992, when the PGA wagons were stored out of use at Chichester.[41][42]

The line was closed in stages, first to passenger trains from 7 February 1955, then goods services were withdrawn from Selham and Fittleworth Stations May 1963. The Midhurst to Petworth section was closed completely on 18 October 1964; the Petworth to Hardham section continued until 20 May 1966.

An auto train from Pulborough at Petersfield on the last day of passenger operation on the branch

The Petersfield service carried very little traffic in the twentieth century, and British Railways closed it completely from 7 February 1955.[43]

The Chichester line limbed continuously, mostly at 1 in 76, from Fishbourne Crossing to Singleton tunnel, then descending at about the same gradient to a point just short of Midhurst.[46]

• Petersfield; on Portsmouth Direct line; opened 1 January 1859; still open;
• Rogate; opened 1 September 1864; closed 7 February 1955;
• Elsted; opened 1 September 1864; closed 7 February 1955;
• Midhurst LSWR; opened 1 September 1864; closed 12 July 1925;
• Midhurst LBSCR second station; below.

• Fishbourne Crossing;
• Lavant; opened 11 July 1881; closed 7 July 1935; used for a Goodwood Race Special Train 26 July 1954;
• West Dean Tunnel; 445 yards;
• Singleton; opened 11 July 1881; closed 7 July 1935;
• Singleton Tunnel; 741 yards;
• Cocking Tunnel; 738 yards;
• Cocking; opened 11 July 1881; closed 7 July 1935.
• Midhurst LBSCR second station; below.

• Midhurst LBSCR first station; opened 15 October 1866; closed 11 July 1881;
• Midhurst LBSCR second station; opened 11 July 1881; closed 7 February 1955;
• Midhurst Tunnel; 276 yards;
• Selham; opened 1 July 1872; closed 7 February 1955;
• Petworth; opened 10 October 1859; closed 7 February 1955;
• Fittleworth; opened 2 September 1889; closed 7 February 1955;
• Hardham Junction.[36] [47]