Chiemsee
Chiemsee (German pronunciation: [ˈkiːmzeː]) is a freshwater lake in Bavaria,[2] Germany, near Rosenheim. It is often called "the Bavarian Sea". The rivers Tiroler Achen and Prien flow into the lake from the south, and the river Alz flows out towards the north. The Alz flows into the Inn which then merges with the Danube. The Chiemsee is divided into the bigger, north section, in the northeast, called Weitsee, and the Inselsee, in the southwest.
| Chiemsee | |
|---|---|
 Satellite view of the Chiemsee | |
  Chiemsee | |
| Location | Bavaria |
| Coordinates | 47°53′24″N 12°28′12″E |
| Type | Natural lake |
| Primary inflows | Tiroler Achen, Prien |
| Primary outflows | Alz |
| Basin countries | Germany |
| Surface area | 79.9 km2 (30.8 sq mi) |
| Max. depth | 72.7 m (239 ft) |
| Water volume | 2,048×106 m3 (72.3×109 cu ft) |
| Shore length1 | 63.96 km (39.74 mi) |
| Surface elevation | 518.19 m (1,700.1 ft) |
| Islands | Herreninsel, Fraueninsel, Krautinsel, Schalch |
| Designated | 26 February 1976 |
| Reference no. | 95[1] |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |
The Chiemgau, the region surrounding the Chiemsee, is a popular recreation area.
Origin
The Chiemsee was formed, like many other pre-alpine lakes, at the end of the last ice age about 10,000 years ago from a hollow carved out by a glacier (a Zungenbecken). Originally the lake covered an area of almost 240 km2 (93 sq mi), which is about three times its present area. Within 10,000 years its area had shrunk to around 80 km2 (31 sq mi). Before 1904 the water level was lowered by about a metre. As a result, large areas of dry land were reclaimed.
Islands
There are three main islands on the lake: Herreninsel ("gentlemen's island"), the largest, with an area of 238 hectares (590 acres); Frauenchiemsee, 15.5 ha (38 acres), also called Fraueninsel ("ladies' island"); and uninhabited Krautinsel ("cabbage island"),[2] 3.5 ha (8.6 acres), called this name because in the Middle Ages it was cultivated with cabbages and other vegetables.[3]
- Herreninsel has a palace built by King Ludwig II in 1878 called Herrenchiemsee, which was never completed but was meant to be a replica of the Palace of Versailles. Many of its rooms are open to tourists; tours of the palace and its extensive grounds are conducted throughout the summer.
- Frauenchiemsee, the smaller of the two main islands, houses a Benedictine nunnery, built in 782, as well as a small village. The nuns make a liquor called Klosterlikör ("cloister liquor") and marzipan (almond paste).
The smallest island in the lake is the Schalch 66 m (217 ft) west of Frauenchiemsee, which is of square outline, with a side length of only 4.7 m (15 ft) or an area of 22 m2 (240 sq ft). This tiny island had probably been created artificially to mark a shallow spot for sailboats. There is a willow on the island, originally planted in 1935, and replaced by a young tree in the 2000s.
View across the Chiemsee with the Chiemgau Alps in the background
Herreninsel with the former Monastery "Kloster Herrenchiemsee"
Fraueninsel with Monastery "Frauenchiemsee" in the foreground
Krautinsel with (right) a small part of the Herreninsel island and in the background the Chiemgau Alps
AFRC Lake Hotel
On 1 September 1938 the first Autobahn rest house opened on the A8 on the outskirts of Bernau am Chiemsee on the lake’s southern shore. From 1945 until 2 September 2003 the building served as an Armed Forces Recreation Center for the US military, called the Lake Hotel.[4] The building is now an orthopaedic clinic.
References
- "Chiemsee". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 132.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-12-17. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - "AFRC resort at Chiemsee closes its doors".
External links
- Nixdorf, B.; et al. (2004), "Chiemsee", Dokumentation von Zustand und Entwicklung der wichtigsten Seen Deutschlands (in German), Berlin: Umweltbundesamt, p. 17