Chornobaivka
Chornobaivka (Ukrainian: Чорнобаївка, pronounced [t͡ʃornoˈbɑjiu̯kɐ]) is a suburban village in Kherson Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. It is the center of the village council.[2] It hosts the administration of the Chornobaivka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[3] Kherson International Airport is situated in Chornobaivka.
Chornobaivka
Чорнобаївка | |
|---|---|
village | |
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Chornobaivka Location of Chornobaivka  Chornobaivka Chornobaivka (Ukraine) | |
| Coordinates: 46°42′02″N 32°32′52″E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Kherson Oblast |
| Raion | Kherson Raion |
| Hromada | Chornobaivka rural hromada |
| Founded | August 18, 1782 |
| Named for | Petro Chornobay |
| Population (2001)[1] | |
| • Total | 9,275 |
History
Founding
Chornobaivka was founded officially on August 18, 1782, by the Zaporozhian Sich Cossack Petro Chornobay, after he received a plot of land from Catherine II. The settlement's name is derived from him.[4][5]
Development
Chornobaivka grew slowly. From the documents of the Kherson provincial zemstvo, it is known that in 1859 the village had 60 yards, in which 239 people lived. The main income of Chornobaivka's inhabitants was the extraction of limestone. There were no trade enterprises on the farms at that time, except for wine shops. Healthcare resources were limited. The first school was opened in the late nineteenth century and was attended by 26 boys and 6 girls.
In 1902, a primary school for a small number of children was opened in Chornobayiv Khutory.[4]
World War II
During World War II, Nazi Germany occupied Chornobaivka starting 9 August, 1941.[6] In 1942, the Nazis began forcibly deporting the town's young people back to Germany. Over the occupation, 242 people were deported and pressed to do forced labor. Eventually, on 14 March 1944, the 295th Rifle Division of the Red Army liberated the village.[7]
Late 20th century and Ukrainian independence
Throughout the early 1970s, "radical" development took place in Chornobaivka. Five main streets were paved with asphalt, new houses were built, a water system was laid out, and a radio network was formed.[8]
In 2006, Kherson Airport, located in Chornobaivka, received international status.[4]
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
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In the first days of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian forces took control of the village and its airfield. The airbase was strategically important for Russian forces and their war effort. During the months of occupation, Ukraine launched numerous attacks and airstrikes on Russian forces within the village, destroying Russian equipment and killing Russian personnel. The village "achieved legendary status" for Ukrainians due to the extent of losses Russia took in the small village again and again.[9][10]
Russian forces also committed numerous human rights violations against civilians in the village during the occupation. Local officials reported that the Russians "shot and killed at least 20 civilians" during this time.[9][10] Chornobaivka was eventually liberated by Ukrainian troops on 11 November 2022 during the 2022 Kherson counteroffensive.[11] However, as late as December, the village still had no electricity, water, or heating, as Russian shelling of Ukraine-controlled areas increased.[10]
Geography
Chornobaivka is located in the south of Ukraine within the steppe zone on the Black Sea lowland of the Eastern European plain. The settlement is located 10 km from the regional center. The physical distance to Kyiv is 414 km.[12]
Climate
| Climate data for Chornobaivka | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean maximum °C | 0.3 | 1.4 | 5.7 | 14.4 | 21.0 | 25.6 | 28.1 | 27.6 | 22.3 | 14.9 | 7.7 | 3.4 | 14.8 |
| Daily mean °C | −2.7 | −1.7 | 2.1 | 9.8 | 15.9 | 20.3 | 22.6 | 22.0 | 16.9 | 10.3 | 4.5 | 0.6 | 10.1 |
| Mean minimum °C | −5.7 | −4.8 | −1.5 | 5.2 | 10.9 | 15.0 | 17.1 | 16.4 | 11.5 | 5.8 | 1.3 | −2.1 | 5.8 |
| Average precipitation mm | 32 | 30 | 26 | 32 | 40 | 47 | 51 | 36 | 41 | 28 | 35 | 37 | 385 |
| Daily mean °F | 27.1 | 28.9 | 35.8 | 49.6 | 60.6 | 68.5 | 72.7 | 71.6 | 62.4 | 50.5 | 40.1 | 33.1 | 50.2 |
| Average precipitation inches | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 15.2 |
| Source: [13] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
- Aleksey Kirichenko, Soviet politician.[14]
- Yurii Vukhnal, writer and humorist.[15]
- Motorny Dmitry Konstantinovich, Soviet and Ukrainian innovator of agricultural production, twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1966, 1986). Hero of Ukraine (2002).
Demographics
According to the 2001 census, 9275 people lived in the village.[1] The native language distribution of Chornobaivka in 2001 was:[16]
| Language | Number of people | Percentage of people |
|---|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 8505 | 91.70 % |
| Russian | 680 | 7.33 % |
| Belarusian | 35 | 0.38 % |
| Moldovan (Romanian) |
21 | 0.23 % |
| Armenian | 7 | 0.08 % |
| Romani | 5 | 0.05 % |
| Polish | 2 | 0.02 % |
| Bulgarian | 1 | 0.01 % |
| Other | 19 | 0.20 % |
References
- "Облікова картка с Чорнобаївка Херсонська область, Білозерський район" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 10 October 2017.
- "Чернобаевка » Мой город — Херсон" (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-03-27.
- "Чорнобаївська громада" (in Ukrainian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- Тарчевська, Наташа (2022-03-22). "Чорнобаївка – край козаків: історія села, де війська РФ зазнають поразки одна за одною". Fakty ICTV (in Ukrainian).
- "Легендарна Чорнобаївка на Херсонщині: Досліджуємо історію села завдяки геральдиці". Кавун.Сity (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-06-29.
- Melnyk, Oleksandr Ivanovych (Fall 2004). Behind the Frontlines: War, Genocide and Identity in the Kherson Region of Ukraine, 1941-1944 (PDF) (Thesis). University of Alberta. pp. 38–39.
- Kostenko & Nesterenko (2017, p. 30)
- Kostenko & Nesterenko (2017, p. 38)
- Bezpiatchuk, Zhanna (2022-11-29). "Ukraine war: Chornobaivka airbase, symbol of Russian defeat". BBC News. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- "Murder and abduction: Chornobaivka haunted by trauma of Russian occupation". 2022-12-01. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- Mahuryak, Ivan (11 November 2022). "ЗСУ в Бериславі, а в легендарній Чорнобаївці – українські прапори" (in Ukrainian). Channel 24.
- Геопортал адміністративно-територіального устрою України. Міністерство регіонального розвитку. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
- "Climate Chornobaivka (Ukraine)".
- Kostenko & Nesterenko (2017, p. 88)
- Husar Struk, Danylo, ed. (15 December 1993). Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Vol. V: St-Z. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. ISBN 9781442651272.
- "Розподіл населення за рідною мовою, Херсонська область (у % до загальної чисельності населення) - 065 БIЛОЗЕРСЬКИЙ РАЙОН". Retrieved 2015-02-01.
Bibliography
- Kostenko, Anton; Nesterenko, Olga (2017). Чорнобаївка: вчора, сьогодні, завтра (до 235-ї річниці заснування села) (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-04-29.
