Chronophilia

The term chronophilia was used by psychologist John Money to describe varying forms of romantic preference and/or sexual fixation limited to individuals of particular age ranges. Some such fixations, specifically those towards prepubescents and those towards the elderly, constitute types of paraphilia.[1][2][3] The term has not been widely adopted by sexologists, who instead use terms that refer to the specific age range in question. An arguable historical precursor was Richard von Krafft-Ebing's concept of "age fetishism".[4] Importantly, chronophilia are technically not determined by age itself, but by human sexual maturity stages, such as body type, secondary sexual characteristics and other visible features, particularly as measured by the stages of the Tanner scale.[5]

Preferences based on age
  • Romantic and/or sexual attraction to minors
    • Pedohebephilia refers to an expansion and reclassification of pedophilia and hebephilia with subgroups, proposed during the development of the DSM-5.[6] It refers more broadly to sexual fixations. Under the proposed revisions, people who are dysfunctional as a result of it would be diagnosed with pedohebephilic disorder. People would be broken down into types based on the idea of being fixated on one, the other or both of the subgroups. The proposed revision was not ratified for inclusion in the final published version of DSM-5.
      • Infantophilia (sometimes called nepiophilia) is a subtype of pedophilia describing a sexual fixation on children less than 5 years old (including toddlers and infants).[7]
      • Pedophilia is a psychological disorder in which an adult or older adolescent experiences a romantic and/or sexual attraction to prepubescent youth.[8][9][10] According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), pedophilia is a paraphilia in which a person has intense sexual urges towards children, and experiences recurrent sexual urges towards and fantasies about children. Pedophilic disorder is further defined as psychological disorder in which a person meets the criteria for pedophilia above, and also either acts upon those urges, or else experiences distress or interpersonal difficulty as a consequence.[11][12] The diagnosis can be made under the DSM or ICD criteria for persons age 16 and older.[13][14]
    • Fixation on adolescents
      • Hebephilia is a romantic and/or sexual fixation on early-pubescent youths in Tanner Stages 2 and 3. Ephebophilia is a romantic/sexual fixation on late-pubescent youths in Tanner Stage 4.[15][16] The term hebephilia was introduced by Bernard Glueck in 1955.[17] Ephebophilia is not classified as a paraphilia, due to overlaps with teleiophilia and overlaps and similarities between Tanner Stages 4 and 5. Forensic psychologist and sexologist Dr. Michael Seto has noted ""older adolescents are reproductively viable and the fact that typically men are attracted to older adolescents, as reflected in self-report, psychophysiological, and pornography use studies (Freund, Seeley, Marshall, & Glinfort, 1972; Symons, 1979)".[18][19]
  • Attraction to adults
    • Teleiophilia (from Greek téleios, "full grown") is a romantic and/or sexual preference for adults, specifically for adult body types, as it also technically encompasses attraction towards postpubertal, sexually mature teenagers.[20] Dr. Michael Seto states: "A sexual preference in those in late adolescence who show many signs of sexual maturity (Tanner stage 4) or who are sexually mature (Tanner stage 5) is not representative of hebephilia; instead, it can be described as ephebophilia or teleiophilia (Hames & Blanchard, 2012)."[21][22] The term was coined by Ray Blanchard in 2000 and has seen less public adoption than some newer terms.[23]
      • Mesophilia (derived from the Greek "mesos", "intermediate") is a romantic and/or sexual preference for middle-aged adults. The term was coined by Michael Seto in 2016.[24]
      • Gerontophilia is a romantic and/or sexual preference for the elderly.[25]

See also

References
  1. Money, John (1986). Lovemaps: clinical concepts of sexual/erotic health and pathology, paraphilia, and gender transposition of childhood, adolescence, and maturity. pp. 70, 260. ISBN 978-0-8290-1589-8.
  2. Martijn, F.M; Babchishin, K; Pullman, L.; Seto, M. (2020). "Sexual Attraction and Falling in Love in Persons with Pedohebephilia". Arch Sex Behav. 49 (2): 1305–1318. doi:10.1007/s10508019015799. PMID 32086644. S2CID 211246320.
  3. Money, John (1990). Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation. pp. 137, 183. ISBN 978-0-19-505407-1.
  4. Janssen, D.F. (2015). ""Chronophilia": Entries of Erotic Age Preference into Descriptive Psychopathology". Medical History. 59 (4): 575–598. doi:10.1017/mdh.2015.47. ISSN 0025-7273. PMC 4595948. PMID 26352305.
  5. Seto MC (January 2017). "The Puzzle of Male Chronophilias". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 46 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0799-y. PMID 27549306. S2CID 254256051.
  6. DSM-5 U 03 Archived 2011-11-13 at the Wayback Machine
  7. Greenberg DM, Bradford J, Curry S (1995). "Infantophilia--a new subcategory of pedophilia?: a preliminary study". Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 23 (1): 63–71. PMID 7599373..
  8. World Health Organization, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: ICD-10 Section F65.4: Pedophilia (online access via ICD-10 site map table of contents)
  9. Blanchard, R.; Kolla, N. J.; Cantor, J. M.; Klassen, P. E.; Dickey, R.; Kuban, M. E.; Blak, T. (2007). "IQ, handedness, and pedophilia in adult male patients stratified by referral source". Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. 19 (3): 285–309. doi:10.1177/107906320701900307. PMID 17634757. S2CID 220359453.
  10. Martijn, F.M; Babchishin, K; Pullman, L.; Seto, M. (2020). "Sexual Attraction and Falling in Love in Persons with Pedohebephilia". Arch Sex Behav. 49 (2): 1305–1318. doi:10.1007/s10508019015799. PMID 32086644. S2CID 211246320.
  11. American Psychiatric Association, Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5 Archived October 19, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Paraphilic disorders (page 18)
  12. American Psychiatric Association (June 2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV TR (Text Revision). Vol. 1. Arlington, VA, USA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. p. 943. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349. ISBN 978-0-89042-024-9. Archived from the original on 2011-10-25. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  13. "The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders – Diagnostic criteria for research" (PDF). (715 KB) (see F65.4, pp. 166–167)
  14. Fagan PJ, Wise TN, Schmidt CW, Berlin FS (November 2002). "Pedophilia". JAMA. 288 (19): 2458–65. doi:10.1001/jama.288.19.2458. PMID 12435259. Archived from the original on 2020-03-04. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  15. Blanchard, R., Lykins, A. D., Wherrett, D., Kuban, M. E., Cantor, J. M., Blak, T., Dickey, R., & Klassen, P. E. (2008). Pedophilia, hebephilia, and the DSM–V. Archives of Sexual Behavior. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9.
  16. Martijn, F.M; Babchishin, K; Pullman, L.; Seto, M. (2020). "Sexual Attraction and Falling in Love in Persons with Pedohebephilia". Arch Sex Behav. 49 (2): 1305–1318. doi:10.1007/s10508019015799. PMID 32086644. S2CID 211246320.
  17. Glueck, B. C. Jr. (1955). Final report: Research project for the study and treatment of persons convicted of crimes involving sexual aberrations. June 1952 to June 1955. New York: New York State Department of Mental Hygiene.
  18. Seto MC (January 2016). Sexual offenders: Predisposing antecedents, assessments, and management. pp. 29–44. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2416-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4939-2415-8.
  19. Phenix A, Hoberman H (2015). Sexual Offending: Predisposing Antecedents, Assessments and Management. p. 30. ISBN 978-1493924165.
  20. Blanchard, R.; Barbaree, H. E.; Bogaert, A. F.; Dickey, R.; Klassen, P.; Kuban, M. E.; Zucker, KJ; et al. (2000). "Fraternal birth order and sexual orientation in pedophiles". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 29 (5): 463–478. doi:10.1023/A:1001943719964. PMID 10983250. S2CID 19755751.
  21. Seto MC (January 2016). Sexual offenders: Predisposing antecedents, assessments, and management. pp. 29–44. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2416-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4939-2415-8.
  22. Hames, Raymond; Blanchard, Ray (2012-08-01). "Anthropological Data Regarding the Adaptiveness of Hebephilia". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 41 (4): 745–747. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9972-0. ISSN 1573-2800. PMID 22644593. S2CID 254261711.
  23. Blanchard, R. & Barbaree, H. E. (2005). "The strength of sexual arousal as a function of the age of the sex offender: Comparisons among pedophiles, hebephiles, and teleiophiles". Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. 17 (4): 441–456. doi:10.1177/107906320501700407. PMID 16341604. S2CID 220355347.
  24. Seto, M (2016). "The Puzzle of Male Chronophilias". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 46 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0799-y. PMID 27549306. S2CID 1555795.
  25. Kaul, A.; Duffy, S. (1991). "Gerontophilia: A case report". Medicine, Science and the Law. 31 (2): 110–114. doi:10.1177/002580249103100204. PMID 2062191. S2CID 6455643.
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