Cichorium

Cichorium is a genus of plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae.[4][2] The genus includes two cultivated species commonly known as chicory or endive, plus several wild species.[5]

Flower of common chicory (Cichorium intybus)

Cichorium
Wild endive (Cichorium pumilum)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Cichorioideae
Tribe: Cichorieae
Subtribe: Cichoriinae
Genus: Cichorium
L.
Type species
Cichorium intybus[1][2]
Synonyms[3]
  • Acanthophyton Less.
  • Endivia Hill

Common chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a bushy perennial herb with blue or lavender (or, rarely, white or pink) flowers. It grows as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and in North America, where it has become naturalized. It is grown for its leaves, when it is known as leaf chicory, endive, radicchio, Belgian endive, French endive, or witloof. Other varieties are grown for their roots, which are used as a coffee substitute, similar to dandelion coffee.

True endive (Cichorium endivia) is a species grown and used as a salad green. It has a slightly bitter taste. Curly endive and the broad-leafed escarole are true endives.

Cichorium is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including setaceous Hebrew character, turnip moth, and the grass moth Diasemia reticularis.

Species[3]

Formerly included[3] are several species now considered better suited to other genera: Aposeris, Arnoseris, Geigeria, Rhagadiolus and Tolpis.

References
  1. lectotype designated by Green, Prop. Brit. Bot.: pg 178. 1929
  2. Tropicos, Cichorium L.
  3. Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-11-14 at archive.today
  4. Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 813
  5. Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Cichorium includes photos and distribution maps for 4 species
  6. Kyffhäuser flora


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