Ciriya Tirumatal
The Ciriya Tirumatal (Tamil: சிறிய திருமடல், romanized: Cir̲iya Tirumaṭal, lit. 'The small and sacred maṭal') is a Tamil Hindu work of literature written by Tirumangai Alvar, one of the twelve Alvars of Sri Vaishnavism.[1] The work is a part of the compendium of hymns called the Nalayira Divya Prabandham.[2] In the forty hymns of this work,[3] the author expresses his devotion and love to the preserver deity, Vishnu, and also lists twenty-seven sites he would like to visit to venerate the deity.[4]
| Ciriya Tirumatal | |
|---|---|
 The episode of the Gajendra Moksha, featured in this work. Folio from the Arthur M. Sackler Museum. | |
| Information | |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Author | Tirumangai Alvar |
| Language | Tamil |
| Period | 9th–10th century CE |
| Verses | 40 |
Hymns
| Part of a series on |
| Vaishnavism |
|---|
 |
Theme
Along with its companion poem called the Periya Tirumatal, the Ciriya Tirumatal employs a poetic device from Sangam literature called the maṭal. This referred to an ancient Tamil custom through which a lovesick man attempted to win the heart of his beloved by refusing food and drink, bathing, sleep, and other daily activities, and wandered the streets while singing about the woman he loved. In a last resort, the man expressed his willingness to take his own life in the presence of his beloved. The custom was romanticised, and hence traditionally ended with the woman being moved by the devotion of the man, agreeing to marry him. In this work, Tirumangai Alvar assumes the role of a gopika, a milk-maid lover of Krishna, and performs a maṭal to win the deity's heart. By doing so, he breaks the convention of women not being allowed to perform the custom, citing his adherence to the northern Sanskrit school of Sri Vaishnavism as opposed to the southern Tamil school.[5]
A stanza of the Ciriya Tirumatal describes the legend of the Gajendra Moksha, Vishnu's rescue of an elephant from the jaws of a crocodile:[6]
When the huge elephant stood in the
lotus tank,
Battling with the consuming crocodile,
And offered a lotus with his long trunk
bellowing,"Narayana!
O Gem-hued Lord!
O Serpent-recliner!
Come to my help!
Save me!",
The lord heard it and came,
Sliced the crocodile's jaws into two,And redeemed the suffering elephant
— Tirumangai Alvar, Ciriya Tirumatal
See also
| Topics in Tamil literature | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sangam Literature | ||
| Five Great Epics | ||
| Silappatikaram | Manimekalai | |
| Civaka Cintamani | Valayapathi | |
| Kundalakesi | ||
| The Five Minor Epics | ||
| Neelakesi | Culamani | |
| Naga Kumara Kaviyam | Udayana Kumara Kaviyam | |
| Yashodhara Kaviyam | ||
| Bhakti Literature | ||
| Naalayira Divya Prabandham | Kamba Ramayanam | |
| Tevaram | Tirumurai | |
| Tamil people | ||
| Sangam | Sangam landscape | |
| Tamil history from Sangam literature | Ancient Tamil music | |
References
- Cheran, R.; Ambalavanar, Darshan; Kanaganayakam, Chelvanayakam (2007). History and Imagination: Tamil Culture in the Global Context. TSAR Publications. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-894770-36-1.
- Cutler, Norman (1987-05-22). Songs of Experience: The Poetics of Tamil Devotion. Indiana University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-253-11419-8.
- Pārttacārati, Intirā (2002). Vaisnavisam in Tamil Literature Between the 7th and 9th Centuries. International Institute of Tamil Studies. p. 35.
- RAMANUJAN, S. R. (2014-08-13). THE LORD OF VENGADAM. PartridgeIndia. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-4828-3462-8.
- Padmaja, T. (2002). Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu. Abhinav Publications. pp. 59–60. ISBN 978-81-7017-398-4.
- Makarand Joshi. The Sacred Book Of Four Thousand 01 Nalayira Divya Prabandham Sri Rama Bharati 2000. p. 724.