City of Dunedin (New Zealand electorate)
City of Dunedin, during the first two parliaments called Town of Dunedin, was a parliamentary electorate in Dunedin in Otago, New Zealand. It was one of the original electorates created in 1853 and existed, with two breaks, until 1905. The first break, from 1862 to 1866, was caused by an influx of people through the Otago Gold Rush, when many new electorates were formed in Otago. The second break occurred from 1881 to 1890. It was the only New Zealand electorate that was created as a single-member, two-member and three member electorate.
Population centres
In December 1887, the House of Representatives voted to reduce its membership from general electorates from 91 to 70. The 1890 electoral redistribution used the same 1886 census data used for the 1887 electoral redistribution. In addition, three-member electorates were introduced in the four main centres. This resulted in a major restructuring of electorates, and Dunedin was one of eight electorates to be re-created for the 1890 election.[1]
History
From 1853 to 1860, the electorate was known as the Town of Dunedin. From 1860 to 1905, it was the City of Dunedin.[2]
James Macandrew was the first elected member. He resigned on 2 November 1858 and was re-elected in a 14 January 1859 by-election.[3][4]
Elections for the first two-member electorate were held on 24 December 1860. Three people contested the poll, with Thomas Dick and Edward McGlashan returned.[5]
In 1863, the electorate was abolished and replaced with Dunedin and Suburbs North and Dunedin and Suburbs South. It was recreated for the 1866 general election.
James Gordon Stuart Grant was a local eccentric and a frequent candidate from 1867 to 1884.
The 1875 election was contested by eight candidates. The three candidates on the anti-centralist ticket, James Macandrew, William Larnach and Robert Stout, were all successful. They beat William Reynolds, James Macassey[6] Henry Fish, James Grant and John Armstrong.[7]
Larnach resigned on 31 May 1878.[8]
The 1893 election was contested by eight candidates, who contested three available positions. William Hutchison and David Pinkerton were incumbents who were successful, William Earnshaw was the third successful candidate (he had represented the Peninsula electorate in the previous Parliament), the previous representative Henry Fish came fourth, Hugh Gourley was fifth, with other unsuccessful candidates being James Gore, Charles Haynes, and David Nicol.[9]
Dunedin was recreated for the 2020 general election as a single-member electorate, as Dunedin no longer has a population large enough to support two electorates. The electorate, however, does not include South Dunedin, as that is now part of a recreated Taieri electorate.[10]
Members of Parliament
The multi-member electorate was represented by 23 Members of Parliament:
Single-member electorate
From 1853 to 1860, Town of Dunedin was a single-member electorate.
Election | Winner | |
---|---|---|
1853 election | James Macandrew | |
1855 election | ||
1859 by-election | James Macandrew |
Two-member electorate
From 1860 to 1863, and 1866 to 1875 City of Dunedin was a two-member electorate. Under the Representation Act 1862[11] the City of Dunedin electorate was abolished, with two new electorates, Dunedin and Suburbs North and Dunedin and Suburbs South replacing it, with elections being held on 28 March to 6 April 1863 respectively. All electorates before and after changes returned two members, with each of the previous incumbents in City of Dunedin being assigned an incumbency in one of the Dunedin Suburbs electorates, although Thomas Dick resigned before taking up his entitlement in Dunedin and Suburbs North, forcing the 1863 by-election.
Election | Winners | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1860 election | Thomas Dick | Edward McGlashan[12][13] | ||
1st 1862 by-election | Thomas Dick | |||
2nd 1862 by-election | John Richardson | |||
3rd 1862 by-election | James Paterson | |||
Electorate abolished 1862 see Dunedin and Suburbs North and Dunedin and Suburbs South) | ||||
1866 election | William Reynolds | James Paterson | ||
1867 by-election | William Reynolds | |||
1869 by-election | Thomas Birch[14] | |||
1871 election | John Bathgate | |||
1874 by-election | Nathaniel Wales |
Three-member electorate
From 1875 to 1881, and 1890 to 1905 City of Dunedin was a three-member electorate.
Key:
Independent Liberal Conservative Liberal–Labour Independent Liberal
Election | Winners | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1875 election | James Macandrew | William Larnach | Robert Stout[15] | |||
1878 by-election | Richard Oliver | |||||
1879 by-election | William Stewart | |||||
1879 election | Thomas Dick | |||||
(Electorate abolished 1881–1890, see Dunedin Central, Dunedin East and Dunedin West) | ||||||
1890 election | William Hutchison | David Pinkerton | Henry Fish | |||
1893 election | William Earnshaw | |||||
1896 election | Scobie Mackenzie | John A. Millar | Henry Fish | |||
1897 by-election | Alexander Sligo | |||||
1899 election | James Arnold | Alfred Barclay | ||||
1902 election | Harry Bedford | |||||
(Electorate abolished 1905, see Dunedin Central, Dunedin North and Dunedin South) |
Election results
1899 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal–Labour | John A. Millar | 9,045 | 61.70 | +14.78 | |
Liberal–Labour | James Arnold | 8,290 | 56.55 | ||
Liberal | Alfred Richard Barclay | 7,363 | 50.23 | ||
Conservative | Scobie Mackenzie | 6,726 | 45.88 | -12.96 | |
Conservative | Alexander Sligo | 6,415 | 43.76 | ||
Conservative | Charles Haynes | 4,919 | 33.55 | ||
Liberal | Charles Robert Chapman | 1,222 | 8.34 | ||
Majority | 637 | 4.35 | +1.50 | ||
Turnout | 14,660 | 72.99 | +1.99 | ||
Registered electors | 20,084 |
1897 by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Alexander Sligo | 5,045 | 45.29 | ||
Liberal | Hugh Gourley | 4,065 | 36.49 | ||
Independent Liberal | William Hutchison | 2,030 | 18.22 | ||
Informal votes | 55 | ||||
Majority | 980 | ||||
Turnout | 11,140 | 75.59 | |||
Registered electors | 14,811 |
1896 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Scobie Mackenzie | 7,821 | 58.84 | ||
Liberal–Labour | John A. Millar | 6,236 | 46.92 | ||
Conservative | Henry Fish | 6,067 | 45.64 | -1.87 | |
Liberal | David Pinkerton | 5,689 | 42.80 | -15.94 | |
Liberal | William Hutchison | 4,983 | 37.49 | -12.57 | |
Conservative | Alexander Campbell Begg[21] | 4,409 | 33.17 | ||
Liberal–Labour | William Earnshaw | 2,421 | 18.21 | -34.41 | |
Conservative | James Gore | 1,299 | 9.77 | -22.57 | |
Independent | Alfred Henry Burton | 274 | 2.06 | ||
Conservative | Murray Aston | 272 | 2.05 | ||
Independent | Frederick Marler Lester | 209 | 1.57 | ||
Independent | David Nicol | 196 | 1.47 | -2.06 | |
Majority | 378[nb 1] | 2.84 | 0.29 | ||
Turnout | 13,292 | 71.01 | 2.94 | ||
Registered electors | 18,719[22] |
Table footnotes:
- Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Fish - 6,067) and highest losing poll (Pinkerton - 5,689)
1893 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal–Labour | David Pinkerton | 6,771 | 58.74 | -4.88 | |
Liberal–Labour | William Earnshaw | 6,066 | 52.62 | ||
Liberal | William Hutchison | 5,771 | 50.06 | -6.10 | |
Conservative | Henry Fish | 5,477 | 47.51 | -10.65 | |
Liberal | Hugh Gourley | 4,081 | 35.40 | ||
Conservative | James Gore | 3,728 | 32.34 | ||
Conservative | Charles Haynes[25] | 2,283 | 19.80 | ||
Independent | David Nicol | 407 | 3.53 | ||
Majority | 294 | 2.55 | -2.90 | ||
Turnout | 11,528 | 68.07 | +12.79 | ||
Registered electors | 16,936 |
1890 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal–Labour | David Pinkerton | 3,209 | 63.61 | ||
Liberal | Henry Fish | 2,934 | 58.16 | ||
Liberal | William Hutchison | 2,833 | 56.16 | ||
Conservative | James Allen[27] | 2,485 | 49.26 | ||
Conservative | Richard Henry Leary[27] | 1,838 | 36.43 | ||
Liberal | Alfred Lee Smith[27] | 1,835 | 36.38 | ||
Majority | 348 | 6.90 | |||
Turnout | 5,045 | 55.28 | |||
Registered electors | 9,126 |
1875 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | James Macandrew | 891 | 71.22 | ||
Independent | Robert Stout | 865 | 69.14 | ||
Independent | William Larnach | 843 | 67.38 | ||
Independent | William Reynolds | 476 | 38.04 | ||
Independent | James Macassey | 409 | 32.69 | ||
Independent | Henry Fish | 238 | 19.02 | ||
Independent | James Grant | 29 | 2.31 | ||
Turnout | 1,251 |
1879 City of Dunedin by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | William Downie Stewart Sr | 726 | 54.18 | ||
Independent | Charles Reeves | 563 | 42.01 | ||
Independent | James Gordon Stuart Grant | 51 | 3.81 | ||
Turnout | 1340 | ||||
Majority | 163 | 12.16 |
1878 City of Dunedin by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Richard Oliver | 769 | 53.89 | ||
Independent | Charles Stephen Reeves | 658 | 46.11 | ||
Majority | 111 | 7.78 | |||
Turnout | 1427 |
1874 City of Dunedin by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Nathaniel Wales | 629 | 52.03 | ||
Independent | George Elliott Barton | 541 | 44.75 | ||
Independent | James Gordon Stuart Grant | 39 | 3.23 | ||
Turnout | 1209 | ||||
Majority | 88 | 7.28 |
1869 City of Dunedin by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Thomas Birch | 578 | 76.35 | ||
Independent | James Gordon Stuart Grant | 179 | 23.65 | ||
Turnout | 757 | ||||
Majority | 399 | 52.71 |
1867 City of Dunedin by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | William Reynolds | 333 | 86.49 | ||
Independent | James Gordon Stuart Grant | 52 | 13.51 | ||
Turnout | 385 | ||||
Majority | 281 | 72.99 |
May 1862 City of Dunedin by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | John Richardson | 45 | 54.88 | ||
Independent | James Paterson | 37 | 45.12 | ||
Turnout | 82 | ||||
Majority | 8 | 9.76 |
1860 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Thomas Dick | 96 | 44.04 | ||
Independent | Edward McGlashan | 88 | 40.37 | ||
Independent | William John Dyer | 34 | 15.60 | ||
Turnout | 218 |
1859 by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | James Macandrew | 40 | 93.02 | - | |
Independent | James Gordon Stuart Grant[38] | 3 | 6.98 | - | |
Majority | 37 | 86.05 | - | ||
Total votes | 43 | - | - |
Notes
- McRobie 1989, pp. 54ff.
- Wilson 1985, p. 261.
- Wilson 1985, p. 213.
- "Election of a Member for the House of Representatives". Otago Witness. No. 372. 15 January 1859. p. 5. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- "Dunedin Representatives". Otago Witness. No. 474. 29 December 1860. p. 5. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
- "The Late Mr James Macassey". Otago Daily Times. No. 5695. 21 May 1880. p. 7. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
- "The General Elections". New Zealand Tablet. Vol. III, no. 138. 24 December 1875. p. 12. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
- Wilson 1985, p. 212.
- "The General Election, 1893". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1894 Session I, H-19. 1894. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- "Report of the Representation Commission 2020" (PDF). 17 April 2020.
- "Representation Act 1862".
- Wilson 1985, p. 215.
- Cyclopedia Company Limited (1905). "Ex-Members". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Otago & Southland Provincial Districts. Christchurch. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Wilson 1985, p. 184.
- Morrell, William Parker (22 April 2009). "STOUT, Sir Robert, P.C., K.C.M.G." An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
- "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
- "City of Dunedin Electoral District". Otago Daily Times. No. 11593. 29 November 1899. p. 6. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
- "The Dunedin Election". The Marlborough Express. Vol. XXXII, no. 224. 14 October 1897. p. 2. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
- "Otago". Auckland Star. Vol. XXVII, no. 305. 23 December 1896. p. 6. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
- "City of Dunedin Electoral District". Otago Daily Times. No. 10666. 4 December 1896. p. 1. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- Scholefield 1940, p. 55.
- McRobie 1989, p. 64.
- "The General Election, 1893". National Library. 1894. p. 3. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
- Cyclopedia Company Limited (1905). "Mr. Charles Haynes, J. P". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Otago & Southland Provincial Districts. Christchurch: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
- "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. p. 2. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- "Election Notices". Otago Daily Times. No. 9975. 29 November 1890. p. 3. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- "Dunedin Election". North Otago Times. 21 December 1875. p. 2. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
- "Dunedin Election". Oamaru Mail. 15 July 1879.
- "Meeting of Mr Reeves' Supporters". Otago Daily Times. No. 5427. 11 July 1879. p. 3. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
- "The City Election". Evening Star. 1 July 1878.
- "The City Election". Otago Daily Times. No. 5131. 29 July 1878. p. 7. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
- "The City Election". Evening Star. No. 3487. 27 April 1874. p. 2. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
- "The City Election". Otago Daily Times. No. 2212. 9 March 1869. p. 2. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
- "Dunedin Election". Otago Daily Times. 21 January 1867.
- "Dunedin City Election". Otago Witness. No. 548. 31 May 1862. p. 4. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
- "Local Intelligence". Otago Witness. No. 474. 29 December 1860. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- "List of Persons Qualified to Serve as Jurors for the Province of Otago, for the Year 1859-60". Otago Witness. No. 375. 5 February 1859. p. 1. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
References
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Scholefield, Guy, ed. (1940). A Dictionary of New Zealand Biography : A–L (PDF). Vol. I. Wellington: Department of Internal Affairs. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.