Cleveland, Texas

In 1854, a church and convent were built by Father Peter La Cour near the town's present site. The town began forming in 1878 when Charles Lander Cleveland, a local judge, donated 63.6 acres (257,000 m²) of land to the Houston East & West Texas Railway (now part of the Union Pacific Railroad) for use as a stop, requesting that the town be named for him. Since 1900 Cleveland has served as the junction of this line and the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe (now the BNSF Railway). The town was not incorporated until 1935.

The forests around Cleveland, including Sam Houston National Forest, which is located just to its north, are a resort for many inhabitants of the Houston area, who come to camp, hike, hunt, and fish. Cleveland has several historic sites and public recreational facilities, including two parks. The Austin Memorial Library Center offers a wide range of services to the community, and the Texan Theater and the annual livestock show and rodeo, Dairy Days, provide entertainment. Commercially, Cleveland has been a shipping point for timber, lumber, and lumber byproducts since the 1870s. A large medical community, oil, gas, cattle, farm products, and sand and gravel are important to the town's economy. The general trend toward urbanization of the entire area is reflected by the fact that in 1965 Liberty County was added to the Houston Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of Cleveland grew from 1,200 in 1930 to 7,605 according to the census[3] of 2000.

In 2011, 19 young men and teens (all African-American) from Cleveland were arrested for gang rapes of an 11-year-old mexican girl. Ultimately, 21 persons either pleaded guilty to or were found guilty of crimes connected to the rapes and received punishments ranging from life in prison to probation.

On April 28, 2023, five people including an 8-year-old were killed in a mass shooting outside the town.[5]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12 km²), all land. Cleveland's northern boundary is made by the Sam Houston National Forest. The climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Cleveland has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps.[6]

Cleveland City Hall

A portion of downtown Cleveland

Austin Memorial Center is the public library in Cleveland.

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 7,471 people, 2,729 households, and 1,873 families residing in the city.

As of the 2010 census, Cleveland had a population of 7,675. The racial and ethnic makeup of the population was 45.7% White, 23.7% Black, 1.3% Asian, 13.0% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races; 27.8% was Hispanic or Latino of any race.[10]

As of the census[3] of 2000, 7,605 people, 2,645 households, and 1,758 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,580.5 inhabitants per square mile (610.2/km²). The 2,976 housing units averaged 618.5 per square mile (238.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 58.65% White, 27.13% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 11.58% from other races, and 1.72% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latino of any race were 20.51% of the population.

Of the 2,645 households, 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were not families. About 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the city, the population was distributed 27.4% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,164, and for a family was $28,527. Males had a median income of $28,385 versus $17,889 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,562. About 19.3% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.8% of those under age 18 and 16.1% of those age 65 or over.

Cleveland operates under the council-manager form of government. Under this system, the mayor and five council members appoint the city manager, who acts as the chief executive officer of the government. The city manager carries out policy and administers city programs. All department heads, including the city attorney, police chief, and fire chief, are ultimately responsible to the city manager. All city council positions are officially nonpartisan. The city operates and maintains these divisions:

• Administration
• Police
• Fire/EMS
• Water and sewer utilities
• Streets
• Building inspection and code enforcement
• Library
• Parks
• Airport
• Cemetery

The Cleveland Unit, a prison for men privately operated by the GEO Group, Inc. on behalf of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, is in the city, 0.25 mi (0.40 km) from downtown Cleveland.[11]

The city served by the Cleveland Independent School District.

The Tarkington Independent School District, located east southeast of the city of Cleveland, also has a Cleveland zipcode.

Residents of Cleveland ISD (and therefore Cleveland) are served by the Lone Star College System (formerly North Harris Montgomery Community College). Tarkington ISD residents are also in Lone Star.[12]

• Jason Grimsley was born in Cleveland and went to school in Tarkington ISD, just east of town on State Hwy 321. Grimsley pitched for the Philadelphia Phillies, Cleveland Indians, Anaheim Angels, New York Yankees, Kansas City Royals, Baltimore Orioles, and Arizona Diamondbacks
• Gib Lewis, a Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives, spent his formative years in Cleveland. He graduated from Cleveland High School in 1955 and enrolled at Sam Houston State College (now Sam Houston State University ) in Huntsville, Texas. Elected speaker for the first time in 1983, Lewis became the first to hold that office for five terms.

• Official website