Clonostachys (fungus)

Clonostachys is a genus of fungi in the order Hypocreales and family Bionectriaceae.

Clonostachys
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Hypocreales
Family: Bionectriaceae
Genus: Clonostachys
Corda[1]
Synonyms
  • Clonostachyopsis Höhn.
  • Verticilliodochium Bubák
  • Verticillis Clem. & Shear

Clonostachys has a worldwide distribution and is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions (Schroers 2001;[2] Domsch et al. 2007).[3] Species in the genus are saprobes, endophytes, plant pathogens and mycoparasites from various habitats including soil (Schroers 2001;[2] Toledo et al. 2006;[4] Zhang et al. 2008;[5] Moreira et al. 2016).

Clonostachys rosea is of interest as a biological pest control agent.[5]

Species

75 species were included by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility[6] As of 2023, 60 species are listed Species Fungorum:[7]

  • Clonostachys agarwalii (Kushwaha) Schroers
  • Clonostachys ambigua (Penz. & Sacc.) Forin & Vizzini (2020)
  • Clonostachys apocyni (Peck) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous
  • Clonostachys aranearum Wan H.Chen, Y.F.Han, J.D.Liang, X.Zou, Z.Q.Liang & D.C.Jin
  • Clonostachys asymmetrica (Samuels) Schroers
  • Clonostachys aurantia (Penz. & Sacc.) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous
  • Clonostachys blumenaviae (Rehm) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous
  • Clonostachys candelabrum (Bonord.) Schroers
  • Clonostachys candida Harz
  • Clonostachys chlorina Schroers
  • Clonostachys chloroleuca G.M.Moreira, L.M.Abreu, Pfenning & Schroers
  • Clonostachys chongqingensis Z.Q. Zeng & W.Y. Zhuang (2022)
  • Clonostachys coccicola (J.A.Stev.) H.T.Dao
  • Clonostachys compacta Petch
  • Clonostachys compactiuscula (Sacc.) D.Hawksw. & W.Gams
  • Clonostachys coxeniae Y.P. Tan, Marney, Hywel-Jones & R.G. Shivas (2023)
  • Clonostachys cylindrospora Höhn.
  • Clonostachys dichotoma Bayl.Ell.
  • Clonostachys divergens Schroers
  • Clonostachys eriocamporesiana R.H. Perera & K.D. Hyde (2020)
  • Clonostachys essexcoheniae Y.P. Tan, Bishop-Hurley & R.G. Shivas (2023)
  • Clonostachys farinosa (Henn.) Rossman
  • Clonostachys gibberosa (Schroers) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous (2015)
  • Clonostachys granuligera (Starbäck) Forin & Vizzini (2020)
  • Clonostachys indica Prasher & R.Chauhan
  • Clonostachys intermedia Schroers
  • Clonostachys krabiensis Tibpromma & K.D.Hyde (2018)
  • Clonostachys leptoderma Z.Q. Zeng & W.Y. Zhuang (2022)
  • Clonostachys leucaenae R.H. Perera & K.D. Hyde (2023)
  • Clonostachys manihotis (Rick) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous (2015)
  • Clonostachys mellea (Teng & S.H.Ou) Z.Q.Zeng & W.Y.Zhuang (2017)
  • Clonostachys moreaui Lechat, J. Fourn. & Gasch (2020)
  • Clonostachys oligospora Z.Q. Zeng & W.Y. Zhuang (2022)
  • Clonostachys pallens (Penz. & Sacc.) Forin & Vizzini (2020)
  • Clonostachys parva (Schroers) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous (2015)
  • Clonostachys phyllophila Schroers (2001)
  • Clonostachys pilosella Lechat & J. Fourn. (2020)
  • Clonostachys pnagiana Lechat & J. Fourn. (2020)
  • Clonostachys populi Harz (1871)
  • Clonostachys pseudobotrytis Höhn. (1902)
  • Clonostachys pseudosetosa (Samuels) Schroers (2001)
  • Clonostachys pseudostriatopsis Hirooka & Tak.Kobay. (2007)
  • Clonostachys pulvinata Petch (1927)
  • Clonostachys rhizophaga Schroers (2001)
  • Clonostachys rogersoniana Schroers (2001)
  • Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert & W.Gams (1999)
  • Clonostachys saulensis Lechat & J.Fourn. (2019)
  • Clonostachys simmonsii Massee (1907)
  • Clonostachys spinulosa R.H. Perera, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde (2023)
  • Clonostachys spinulosispora Lechat & J.Fourn. (2018)
  • Clonostachys squamuligera (Sacc.) Forin & Vizzini (2020)
  • Clonostachys swieteniae R.H. Perera, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde (2020)
  • Clonostachys tonduzii (Speg.) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous (2015)
  • Clonostachys tornata (Höhn.) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous (2015)
  • Clonostachys truncata (J.Luo & W.Y.Zhuang) Z.Q.Zeng & W.Y.Zhuang (2017)
  • Clonostachys vesiculosa (J.Luo & W.Y.Zhuang) Z.Q.Zeng & W.Y.Zhuang (2017)
  • Clonostachys viticola C. Torcato & A. Alves (2020)
  • Clonostachys wenpingii (J.Luo & W.Y.Zhuang) Z.Q.Zeng & W.Y.Zhuang (2014)

Former species (all are Bionectriaceae, except if mentioned);[7]

  • C. araucaria Corda (1839) = Clonostachys rosea
  • C. araucaria var. compacta Preuss (1853) = Clonostachys rosea
  • C. araucaria var. confusa Pinkerton (1936) = Clonostachys rosea
  • C. araucaria var. rosea Preuss (1853) = Clonostachys rosea
  • C. aureofulvella Schroers (2001) = Bionectria aureofulvella
  • C. buxi (J.C. Schmidt ex Link) Schroers (2001) = Pseudonectria buxi, Nectriaceae
  • C. byssicola Schroers (2001) = Bionectria byssicola
  • C. capitata Schroers (2001) = Bionectria capitata
  • C. catenulata (J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott) B. Jensen, D.F. Jensen & J. Larsen (2008) = Clonostachys rosea
  • C. cylindrospora G. Arnaud (1952) = Clonostachys compactiuscula
  • C. epichloe Schroers (2001) = Bionectria epichloe
  • C. grammicospora Schroers & Samuels (2001) = Bionectria grammicospora
  • C. grammicosporopsis Schroers & Samuels (2001) = Bionectria grammicosporopsis
  • C. impariphialis (Samuels) Schroers (2001) = Bionectria impariphialis
  • C. kowhai Schroers (2001) = Bionectria kowhai
  • C. lasiacidis Schroers (2001) = Bionectria lasiacidis
  • C. levigata Schroers (2001) = Bionectria levigata
  • C. lucifer Schroers & Samuels (2001) = Bionectria lucifer
  • C. macrospora (Sacc. & Ellis) Schroers & W. Gams (2001) = Clonostachys apocyni
  • C. miodochialis Schroers (2001) = Clonostachys parva
  • C. oblongispora Schroers (2001) = Bionectria oblongispora
  • C. pityrodes Schroers (2001) = Bionectria pityrodes
  • C. populi var. aesculi Oudem. (1904) = Clonostachys populi
  • C. pseudochroleuca Schroers (2001) = Bionectria pseudochroleuca
  • C. pseudostriata Schroers (2001) = Bionectria pseudostriata
  • C. ralfsii Schroers (2001) = Bionectria ralfsii
  • C. rosea f. catenulata (J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott) Schroers (2001) = Clonostachys rosea
  • C. rossmaniae Schroers (2001) = Bionectria rossmaniae
  • C. samuelsii Schroers (2001) = Bionectria samuelsii
  • C. sesquicillii Schroers (2001) = Bionectria sesquicillii
  • C. setosa (Vittal) Schroers (2001) = Bionectria setosa
  • C. solani (Harting) Schroers & W. Gams (2001) = Bionectria solani
  • C. solani f. nigrovirens (J.F.H. Beyma) Schroers (2001) = Bionectria solani
  • C. spectabilis (Harz) Sacc. (1886) = Peziza ostracoderma, Pezizaceae
  • C. sporodochialis Schroers (2001) = Bionectria sporodochialis
  • C. subquaternata Schroers & Samuels (2001) = Bionectria subquaternata
  • C. verrucispora Schroers (2001) = Bionectria verrucispora
  • C. zelandiae-novae Schroers (2001) = Bionectria zelandiae-novae

References
  1. Corda ACJ (1839) Pracht-Fl. Eur. Schimmelbild. 31
  2. Schroers, H.J. (2001). "A monograph of Bionectria (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae) and its Clonostachys anamorphs". Stud Mycol. 46: 1–214.
  3. Domsch, K.H.; Gams, W.; Anderson, T. (2007). Compendium of soil fungi (2nd ed.). Verlag, Eching: IHW.
  4. Toledo, A.V.; Virla, E.; Humber, R.A.; Paradell, S.L.; Lastra, C.C.L. (2006). "First record of Clonostachys rosea (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) as an entomopathogenic fungus of Oncometopia tucumana and Sonesimia grossa (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Argentina". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 92: 7–10.
  5. Zhang, L.; Yang, J.; Niu, Q.; Zhao, X.; Ye, F.; Liang, L.; Zhang, K.Q. (2008). "Investigation on the infection mechanism of the fungus Clonostachys rosea against nematodes using the green fluorescent protein". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 78: 983–990.
  6. GBIF: Clonostachys Corda
  7. "Species Fungorum - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
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