Coast Guard Administration (Taiwan)

The Coast Guard Administration of the Ocean Affairs Council (CGA; Chinese: 海洋委員會海巡署; pinyin: Hǎiyáng Wěiyuánhuì Hǎixún Shǔ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hái-iûⁿ Úi-oân-hōe Hái-sûn Sú), also known as the Taiwan Coast Guard or R.O.C. Coast Guard, is charged with maintaining law and order, protecting the resources of the territorial waters of the Republic of China (Taiwan), which surrounds Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu Islands, Green Island, Orchid Island, Pratas Island (Tungsha/Dongsha), and Nansha Islands as well as providing a first line of defense along coastal areas against smugglers and illegal immigrants. The CGA is considered a civilian law enforcement agency under the administration of the Ocean Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan, though during emergencies it may be incorporated as part of the Republic of China Armed Forces.[4]

Coast Guard Administration
海巡署
Hǎixún Shǔ (Mandarin)
Hái-sûn Sú (Taiwanese Hokkien)
Hói-sùn Su (Hakka)
Racing stripe
Racing stripe
Flag
Flag
AbbreviationCGA
Agency overview
FormedFebruary 1, 2000
Employees13,061 (2015)[1]
Jurisdictional structure
National agency
(Operations jurisdiction)		Taiwan
Operations jurisdictionTaiwan
Legal jurisdictionTaiwanese and international waters
Constituting instrument
  • The Coast Guard Act[2]
Specialist jurisdiction
  • Coastal patrol, marine border protection, marine search and rescue.
Operational structure
HeadquartersWenshan, Taipei
Agency executives
Parent agencyOcean Affairs Council
Website
www.cga.gov.tw

The Coast Guard Administration is mainly composed of former police officers, military personnel, and civilian civil servants.

Organization

The Coast Guard Administration is headed by one minister and three deputy ministers. The CGA includes eight departments, one office and five task forces, as well as a Maritime Patrol Directorate General and a Coastal Patrol Directorate General. Its jurisdiction covers the waters surrounding Kinmen, Matsu, Penghu, and the main island of Taiwan to ensure proper protection of the 1,819.8 kilometers coastline and 540,000 square kilometers of "Blue Territory," which is 15 times larger than the island of Taiwan.[5]

Maritime Patrol Directorate General

The Maritime Patrol Directorate General is responsible for all maritime patrols and operations at sea.[5][6]

  • 1 - 16th Offshore Flotillas
  • Northern, Southern, Central, and Eastern Flotilla Sectors

Coastal Patrol Directorate General

The Coastal Patrol Directorate General is responsible for land based operations, primarily the patrolling of harbors, beaches and other coastal areas.[5][6]

  • Northern, Southern, Central, and Eastern Coastal Patrol Offices

Special Task Unit
Main article: Special Task Unit
CGA STU 6

The Special Task Unit is an elite special forces unit of the CGA similar to the Military Police Special Services Company or the National Police Agency's Thunder Squad.[7] During the 36th annual Han Kuang exercises they participated alongside special operations units from other branches in anti-decapitation drills.[8]

Scope

Article two of the Coast Guard Law splits the responsibilities of the CGA into three zones, their core area (Shoreline to the end of the Exclusive Economic Zone), Waters temporarily or tentatively within the area of law enforcement, and International waters fisheries patrol.[9]

Core area

This includes all land within 500 meters of the high tide line, Territorial waters (extending 12 nm from shoreline), the Contiguous zone (extending 24 nm from shore), and the Exclusive Economic Zone (extending 200 nm from shore).[9]

Waters temporarily or tentatively within the area of law enforcement

These are waters within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) were Taiwanese EEZs overlap with those of neighboring nations "where negotiations for delimitation have not yet reached a consensus."[9]

International waters

The CGA conducts fisheries patrols in international waters, particularly the north and midwest Pacific Ocean.[9]

History
102 Wei Hsung, a 1,800-ton patrol vessel built for Coast Guard Administration
Coast Guard Administration building.
CGA Cutter engaged in an inter-agency counter-hybrid warfare exercise

The CGA was established on 1 February 2000,[10] combining the Coast Guard Command (formerly under the Ministry of Defense), the Marine Police Bureau (formerly under the National Police Administration, Ministry of Interior), and several cutters from the Taiwan Directorate General of Customs, Ministry of Finance. The CGA formally unifies coastal and maritime law enforcement agencies.[11]

It has seen a great deal of action for a young agency, participating in numerous search and rescue and anti-smuggling operations. The Coast Guard Administration was also recently involved in escorting Taiwanese fishing boats into waters disputed with Japan claimed by both sides as part of their exclusive economic zones.[6]

In the late 2010s, China escalated to grey-zone actions against Taiwan in an attempt to achieve unification with the self-governing island.[12] The Coast Guard Administration had to expand rapidly to meet the rising grey-zone challenge.[13] China's grey-zone operations against Taiwan in the maritime domain are meant to establish presence while maintaining plausible deniability.[14]

In May 2019 the CGA detained two Chinese fishing vessels for illegally fishing inside Taiwan's territorial waters. One vessel was 0.4 nautical miles off Taiwanese shores while the other was 2.1 nautical miles offshore.[15]

In May 2019 the CGA rescued six fishermen aboard a burning boat nineteen miles offshore.[16] Five fisherman were picked up by cutter while the most seriously injured was airlifted to hospital by helicopter. All fishermen survived the ordeal although three required hospitalization.[17]

On March 1, 2020, three coast guard cutters clearing illegal fishing nets off Little Kinmen island were attacked by Chinese fishing boats which had to be repelled with warning shots from a shotgun.[18]

On March 16, 2020, the patrol boats CP-1022 and CP-2006 of the 9th Offshore Flotilla based on Kinmen were attacked by ten Chinese speedboats. They had been assisting a Kinmen County Government Fisheries Research Institute patrol boat in clearing fishing nets illegally left in Taiwanese waters by Chinese fishermen when they came under attack from the men in speedboats throwing rocks and bottles. During the incident CP-1022 was rammed at speed and lost the function of two of their three engines and its hull was damaged.[18] The CGA responded to the attack using less lethal means including stun grenades and bean bag rounds which caused the attacking boats to retreat.[19]

In July 2020 the CGA arrested all 18 crew members of a Chinese fishing vessel caught fishing illegally in Taiwanese waters. The interdiction followed an increase in illegal fishing in Taiwanese waters by Chinese fishing vessels.[20]

Between January and July 2020 the CGA chased 2,988 Chinese sand dredging vessels out of Taiwanese waters. In July 2020 the CGA seized a dredging vessel and arrested its eight crew as a warning to the rest.[21]

In August 2020 the CGA detained a small Chinese oil tanker which had illegally entered Taiwan's waters. The oil tanker was discovered during enhanced COVID-19 pandemic biosecurity patrols.[22]

In May 2021 the CGA detained a Chinese offshore supply vessel and its 12 crew. The vessel was caught trespassing in Taiwanese waters near Penghu. It is believed that the supply ship was being used to deliver food and other supplies to offshore fishing fleets.[23]

In May 2022 an Anping-class patrol ship launched a Hsiung Feng II anti-ship missile for the first time in a joint exercise with the Navy.[24]

Intelligence Function

Some people in Taiwan still regard the Coast Guard Administration as an intelligence agency due to its root. Indeed, the land branch of the Coast Guard Administration is inherited from the former Taiwan Garrison Command. As a result, a lot of intelligence personnel from the Military Police Command or the late Taiwan Garrison Command are still in the ROCCGA.

There are several mobile investigative groups subordinated to four corresponding areas of responsibility of the Coastal Patrol Directorate General. All mobile investigative groups of the Coast Guard Administration are tasked to perform intelligence-gathering mission of State Security. While executing such intelligence-gathering function, The Coast Guard Administration is subjected to the supervisory and coordination from the National Security Bureau.[25]

International cooperation

The CGA cooperates with Japan, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam in operations to counter human trafficking and drug smuggling. The CGA and the Japan Coast Guard conduct annual exercises and visits. The CGA and the Philippines Coast Guard have conducted tabletop exercises and drills. The CGA and the US Coast Guard cooperate on monitoring longline fishing, maritime law enforcement, human trafficking, and drug smuggling.[26]

In 2010 the CGA held their first ever drill with China's Maritime Search and Rescue Center. The drill, which simulated a ferry disaster between Kinmen and Xiamen, included 14 vessels, 3 helicopters, and 400 personal. Due to the tense relations between the two countries participating forces used drill flags instead of their national flags and emblems. The second drill in 2012 involved 18 vessels and two helicopters from Taiwan, as well as 11 ships and one helicopter from China. A third drill in 2014 featured 33 vessels, four helicopters, and 550 personnel.[26]

In 2020 the CGA and Chinese authorities worked out a standard operating procedure for dealing with illegal sand dredging by Chinese vessels. From implementation to December 2020 Chinese authorities had taken action in 64 cases and impounded 23 ships which demonstrated to the CGA that the Chinese were serious about cooperating on the issue.[27]

In March 2021 the CGA and the US Coast Guard announced that they had signed a cooperation agreement, the agreement was promptly denounced by China.[28] In May 2021 US President Joe Biden praised the cooperation agreement while speaking at the commencement of the United States Coast Guard Academy.[29] The first bilateral meeting under the agreement occurred in August 2021.[30]

Tuvalu and Taiwan signed a coast guard cooperation agreement in 2022. In 2023 Taiwan donated two new coast guard patrol vessels to Tuvalu.[31]

Future of the CGA

As of 2019 the CGA planned to construct a total of 141 ships, including four 4000-tonne, six 1000-tonne, 12 600-tonne, 17 100-tonne, 52 35-tonne patrol ships and 50 coastal multi-purposed ships, by 2027.[32]

In 2021 the Taiwanese cabinet approved a NT$12.9 billion (US$428.53 million) budget for six new 3,000-ton class patrol vessels.[33]

Fleet

In 2021 the CGA had more than 200 vessels.[13]

In 2021 President Tsai Ing-wen ordered the name “Taiwan” to be prominently displayed on all vessels to avoid confusion with the People's Republic of China Coast Guard which is engaged in a grey-zone campaign against Taiwan and other neighboring countries.[13]

Cutters and Patrol Boats
Coast Guard cutters docked in Keelung Harbor.
ROC Coast Guard 600-ton vessel Hualien
ROC Coast Guard 2,000-ton cutter Xinbei
Bridge aboard the 1,000-ton cutter Hsun Hu #7
ROC Coast Guard 1000-ton cutter Pingtung
ROC Coast Guard 500-ton vessel Lienchiang
ROC Coast Guard 3000-ton cutter Kaohsiung
Hsun Hu #7 Response boat in its stern launching ramp
Anping-class offshore patrol vessel
Chiayi-class offshore patrol vessel CG 5002 Hsinchu
Over 100 Tones
Name Hull number Class Displacement (full load) Builder Year of enrolling Year of decommissioning
Ho-HsingCG1011,800-ton class1,823 tonesChina Shipbuilding Corporation19922022
Wei-HsingCG1021992
Mo-HsingCG105800-ton class917 tonesWilton-Fijenoord19882022
Fu-HsingCG10619882020
Pao-HsingCG107500-ton class (Pao-Hsing)694 tonesChina Shipbuilding Corporation19802008
Chin-HsingCG10819852010
Te-HsingCG109500-ton class (Te-Hsing)701 tonesUSUKI SHIPYARD CO., LTD.19772014
Hsun-HsingCG110300-ton class264 tonesChina Shipbuilding Corporation19862005
TaipeiCG116500-ton class (Taipei)742 tonesJong Shyn Shipbuilding Company2001
TaichungCG117600-ton class827 tonesChing Fu Shipbuilding2001
KeelingCG1182001
HualienCG1192001
PenghuCG1202001
NantouCG122500-ton class (Nantou)742 tonesJong Shyn Shipbuilding Company2005
KimmenCG123500-ton class (Kimmen)688 tones2008
LienchiangCG1252008
TainanCG1262,000-ton class2,105 tones2011
XinbeiCG1272,077 tonesCSBC Corporation2013
YilanCG128Yilan-class patrol vessel (3,000-ton class)3,719 tons[34]Jong Shyn Shipbuilding Company2015
KaohsiungCG1292015
MiaoliCG131Miaoli-class patrol vessel (1,000-ton class)1,899 tones2015
TaoyuanCG1322015
TaitungCG1332016
PingtungCG1352016
AnpingCG601Anping-class offshore patrol vessel (600-ton class)[32]700 tones2020
Cheng KungCG6022021[35]
TamsuiCG6032021[36]
CijinCG6052022
(TBD)CG6062022
(TBD)CG6072023[37]
(TBD)CG608Launched
(TBD)CG609Launched[37]
(TBD)CG610Under construction
(TBD)CG611Under construction
(TBD)CG612Under construction
(TBD)CG615Under construction
ChiayiCG5001Chiayi-class patrol vessel (4,000-ton class)[38]5,044 tonesCSBC Corporation2020
HsinchuCG50022022[39]
(TBD)CG5003Under construction
(TBD)CG5005Under construction
(TBD)CG10011,000-ton class[40](TBD)(TBD)Launched
(TBD)CG1002Under planning
(TBD)CG1003Under planning
(TBD)CG1005Under planning
(TBD)CG1006Under planning
(TBD)CG1007Under planning
Hsun-Hu No.1800-ton class1,127 tonesUnited Shipbuilding (Taiwan)1992
Hsun-Hu No.2400-ton class839 tonesJong Shyn Shipbuilding Company19922013
Hsun-Hu No.319922013
Hsun-Hu No.5100-ton class140 tonesFeng-Kuo Shipbuilding19922014
Hsun-Hu No.6300-ton class228 tonesFeng-Kuo Shipbuilding1992
Hsun-Hu No.71,000-ton class1,915 tonesJong Shyn Shipbuilding Company2011
Hsun-Hu No.82013
Hsun-Hu No.92013
Hsun-Hu No.103,000-ton class(TBD)(TBD)Under planning
Hsun-Hu No.11Under planning
Hsun-Hu No.12Under planning
Hsun-Hu No.13Under planning
Hsun-Hu No.15Under planning
Hsun-Hu No.16Under planning
ROCCGA patrol boats in 2008
Patrol boats CP-1002 and PP-2016 in 2013
Patrol vessel PP-3582 in 2019
Under 100 Tones
Class In service Hull numbers Displacement (full load) Builder
100-ton class 1st generation type 18PP-10001
PP-10002
PP-10005
PP-10006
PP-10007
PP-10008
PP-10009
PP-10010		103 tonesJong Shyn Shipbuilding Company
100-ton class 1st generation type 210PP-10011
PP-10013
PP-10015
PP-10016
PP-10017
PP-10018
PP-10019
PP-10020
PP-10022
PP-10023		103 tonesJong Shyn Shipbuilding Company
Lungteh Shipbuilding
100-ton class 2nd generation3PP-10025
PP-10026
PP-10027		118 tonesJong Shyn Shipbuilding Company
100-ton class 3rd generation type 13PP-10028
PP-10029
PP-10031		95 tonesLungteh Shipbuilding
100-ton class 3rd generation type 221
(total 35 in future)		PP-10032
PP-10033
PP-10035
PP-10037
PP-10038
PP-10039
PP-10050
PP-10051
PP-10052
PP-10053
PP-10055
PP-10056
PP-10057
PP-10059
PP-10060
PP-10061
PP-10062
PP-10063
PP-10065
PP-10066
PP-10068		95 tonesChing Fu Shipbuilding
100-ton class 4th generation[41]1PP-10087100 tonesJong Shyn Shipbuilding Company[42]
60-ton class5PP-6001,PP-6002,PP-6005,PP-6006,PP-600768 tonesLungteh Shipbuilding
55-ton class10PP-5501,PP-5502,PP-5503,PP-5505,PP-5506,PP-5507,PP-5508,PP-5509,PP-5510,PP-551182 tones(unknown)
50-ton class 1st generation type 113PP-5001,PP-5002,PP-5003,PP-5005,PP-5006,PP-5007,PP-5008,PP-5010,PP-5011,PP-5012,PP-5013,PP-5015,PP-501656 tonesLungteh Shipbuilding
50-ton class 1st generation type 214PP-5017,PP-5019,PP-5020,PP-5021,PP-5022,PP-5023,PP-5025,PP-5026,PP-5027,PP-5028,PP-5029,PP-5030,PP-5031,PP-503276 tonesTC Yachts
50-ton class 2nd generation9PP-5033,PP-5035,PP-5037,PP-5038,PP-5039,PP-5050,PP-5051,PP-5052,PP-505356 tonesLungteh Shipbuilding
35-ton class 1st generation28PP-3501,PP-3502,PP-3503,PP-3505,PP-3506,PP-3507,PP-3508,PP-3509,PP-3510,PP-3511,PP-3512,PP-3513,PP-3516,PP-3517,PP-3518,PP-3519,PP-3520,PP-3521,PP-3522,PP-3523,PP-3525,PP-3526,PP-3527,PP-3528,PP-3529,PP-3530,PP-3531,PP-353229 tones(unknown)
35-ton class 2nd generation24PP-3535,PP-3536,PP-3537,PP-3538,PP-3539,PP-3550,PP-3552,PP-3553,PP-3555,PP-3556,PP-3557,PP-3558,PP-3559,PP-3560,PP-3561,PP-3562,PP-3563,PP-3565,PP-3566,PP-3567,PP-3568,PP-3572,PP-3576,PP-358033 tonesLungteh Shipbuilding
30-ton class13PP-3002,PP-3003,PP-3005,PP-3006,PP-3007,PP-3009,PP-3011,PP-3012,PP-3015,PP-3016,PP-3017,PP-3018,PP-301929 tonesLungteh Shipbuilding
20-ton class45PP-2001,PP-2003,PP-2005,PP-2006,PP-2007,PP-2008,PP-2009,PP-2010,PP-2012,PP-2013,PP-2015,PP-‐2016,PP-2017,PP-2018,PP-2019,PP-2021,PP-2022,PP-‐2023,PP-2025,PP-2027,PP-2028,PP-2029,PP-2030,PP-2031,PP-2032,PP-2033,PP-2035,PP-2036,PP-2037,PP-2038,PP-2050,PP-2051,PP-2052,PP-2053,PP-2055,PP-2056,PP-2058,PP-2059,PP-2060,PP-2061,PP-2062,PP-2063,PP-2065,PP-2066,PP-206721 tonesLungteh Shipbuilding
  • RB-01 (Search/Rescue Boat)
  • RB-02 (Search/Rescue Boat)
  • RB-03 (Search/Rescue Boat)
  • Type CP-1001 (Rubber raft) x9
  • Type SF-801 (Speedboat) x6
  • Type PP-601 (Speedboat) x9

Equipment

Helicopters and drones
Further information: National Airborne Service Corps

Light weapons
  • CGA STU 3
    CGA STU 3
  • Kestrel system
    Kestrel system

Multiple rocket system

Anti-ship missile

Coastal surveillance

The CGA maintains a comprehensive coastal surveillance network. In 2021 the CGA allocated NT$919.99 million (US$33.33 million) to upgrade its coastal surveillance network and to add new gap filler radars as well as photoelectric sensors to the network.[47]

Rank insignia
Coast Guard Law Enforcement
Senior Civil Service
Fourteenth Class Thirteenth Class Twelfth Class Eleventh Class Tenth Class
Vice Admiral Rear Admiral Captain
Middle Civil Service
Ninth Class Eighth Class Seventh Class Sixth Class
Commander Lieutenant Commander Captain
Junior Civil Service
Fifth Class Fourth Class Third Class Second Class First Class
Lieutenant
Ensign		 Chief Petty Officer Petty Officer 1st Class Petty Officer 2nd Class Petty Officer 3rd Class
Coastguardmen
n/a n/a n/a
Seaman Specialist Seaman 1st Class Seaman
Coast Guard Navigation and Engineering Officers

The navigation and engineering officers of the Taiwan coast guard cutters are not sworn law-enforcement officers. They wear the following rank insigna.

Navigation Department
Captain Chief Officer Second Oficer Third Officer
Engine Department
Chief Engineer Second Engineer Third Engineer Fourth Engineer

Leaders

Ministers (CGA under Executive Yuan)
No. Name Term of Office Days Premier
4 Wang Ginn-wang
王進旺		 25 January 20067 December 20143238 Su Tseng-chang
Chang Chun-hsiung II
Liu Chao-shiuan
Wu Den-yih
Sean Chen
Jiang Yi-huah
5 Wang Chung-yi
王崇儀		 8 December 201419 May 2016528 Mao Chi-kuo
Chang San-cheng
6 Lee Chung-wei
李仲威		 20 May 201627 April 20182716 Lin Chuan
William Lai
Su Tseng-chang II

Chairpersons (CGA under Ocean Affairs Council)
No. Name Term of Office Days Premier
1 Lee Chung-wei
李仲威		 28 April 201813 February 2019291 William Lai
Su Tseng-chang II
2 Chen Kuo-en
陳國恩		 19 February 20191 October 2020590 Su Tseng-chang II
3 Chuang Ching-ta
莊慶達		 1 October 202031 December 202091 Su Tseng-chang II
4 Chou Mei-wu
周美伍		 31 December 2020incumbent1,030 Su Tseng-chang II

See also

References
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  2. "The Coast Guard Act". Act of 2019. Law and Regulations Database of The Republic of China.
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