Coastal Upland Swamps

In the south, the community is present on the Woronora Plateau with shallow groundwater aquifers and in the north it is found on the Somersby-Hornsby Plateaus, where it occurs on impervious sandstone plateaus and acidic soils in the headwater valleys of watercourses, and on sandstone plateaus with plentiful flowing moisture and are related to weathered shale lenses and ironstone. They occur in damp areas, such as in the Illawarra escarpment, as the slope creates orographic rainfall, fog and increased cloud cover, which successively decreases evaporation.[1]

The southern part of its spacing is detached from the north by an area of non-sandstone substrates, lower rainfall and lower elevation, and by the urban development of Sydney. They are found in elevations from 20 metres (66 ft) to approximately 600 metres (2,000 ft) above sea level, although the majority of them occur between 200 and 450 metres (660 and 1,480 ft). The largest swamp is just above 14 hectares (35 acres) while 42% of the mapped swamps are less than one hectare (2.5 acres).[2]

Vegetation variety include open graminoid heath, sedge, closed scrubs, closed heaths, ferns, and tall scrub, in addition to microorganisms, fungi, and cryptogamic plants.[1]