Gloppen

Gloppen is a municipality in the county of Vestland, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Nordfjord. Gloppen is generally subdivided into three areas: Hyen in the west, Gloppen in the center, and Breim in the east.

Gloppen kommune
Municipality
Views of Gloppen
Views of Gloppen
Flag of Gloppen kommune
Flag
Coat of arms of Gloppen kommune
Coat of arms
Official logo of Gloppen kommune
Vestland within
Norway
Gloppen within Vestland
Gloppen within Vestland
Coordinates: 61°44′38″N 06°10′14″E
CountryNorway
CountyVestland
DistrictNordfjord
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreSandane
Government
 • Mayor (2015)Leidulf Gloppestad (Sp)
Area
 • Total1,030.52 km2 (397.89 sq mi)
 • Land962.63 km2 (371.67 sq mi)
 • Water67.89 km2 (26.21 sq mi)  6.6%
 • Rank#112 in Norway
Population
 (2022)
 • Total5,875
 • Rank#162 in Norway
 • Density6.1/km2 (16/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +3.5%
DemonymGloppar[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formNynorsk
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4650
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Each of the areas have their own main service centres. Sandane, the administrative centre of the municipality, is the largest with about 2,500 inhabitants. Sandane, Vereide, and Sørstranda are centered on the Gloppefjorden in Gloppen in the central part of the municipality. The villages of Byrkjelo, Re, Kandal, and Egge are centered on the lake Breimsvatnet in the Breim area in the east. The villages of Straume, Eimhjellen, and Solheim are located around the Hyefjorden in Hyen in the west. The whole municipality sits on the southern side of the large Nordfjorden.

The European route E39 highway runs through the municipality before crossing the Nordfjorden on a car ferry. The Sandane Airport, Anda is located along the E39 highway, just north of Vereide.

The 1,031-square-kilometre (398 sq mi) municipality is the 112th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Gloppen is the 162nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,875. The municipality's population density is 6.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (16/sq mi) and its population has increased by 3.5% over the previous 10-year period.[3][4]

General information
Sandane
Vereide Church

Gloppen was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). The original municipality was identical to the Gloppen parish (prestegjeld) including the sub-parishes (sokn) of Gimmestad, Breim, and Vereide. On 1 January 1886, the sub-parish of Breim (population: 1,823) was separated from Gloppen to form its own municipality. This left Gloppen with 2,970 residents.[5]

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the municipality of Breim (population: 1,731) was merged back into the municipality of Gloppen. After the merger, the population of Gloppen was 5,702. On 1 January 1965, the Hoplandsgrenda area (population: 42) of Gloppen municipality (on the northern shore of the Nordfjorden) was transferred to neighboring Stryn Municipality. On 1 January 1992, the Lote area of Gloppen (also on the north side of the Nordfjorden) was transferred to Eid Municipality. This left all of Gloppen located south of the Nordfjorden.[5]

On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly created Vestland county after Sogn og Fjordane and Hordaland counties were merged.

Name

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the local Gloppefjorden (Old Norse: Gloppi) since it is one of the central geographical features of the municipality. The name is probably derived from the word gloppa which means "narrow opening" or "mountain gorge".[6]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms was granted on 19 December 1986. The official blazon is "Azure, a horse passant argent" (Norwegian: På blå grunn ein gåande sølv hest). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a fjord horse. The horse has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The design depicts the Norwegian fjord horse which is a relatively small, but very strong, horse breed from the mountainous regions of Western Norway. The arms were designed by Petter Eide. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[7][8][9]

See also: the coats of arms for Eid, Levanger, Lyngen, Nord-Fron, Skedsmo and Ski municipalities

Churches

The Church of Norway has four parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Gloppen. It is part of the Nordfjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.

Churches in Gloppen
Parish (sokn)Church nameLocation of the churchYear built
BreimBreim ChurchRe1886
GimmestadGimmestad ChurchSørstranda1910
Old Gimmestad ChurchSørstranda1690
HyenHyen ChurchStraume1876
VereideSandane ChurchSandane1997
Vereide ChurchVereide12th century

Government

All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[10] The municipality falls under the Sogn og Fjordane District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Gloppen is made up of 27 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the council is as follows:

Gloppen kommunestyre 2020–2023 [11]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 3
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet Dei Grøne) 2
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 13
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
  Social Democrats (Samfunnsdemokratane) 1
Total number of members:27
Gloppen kommunestyre 2016–2019 [12]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 2
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet Dei Grøne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
  Social Democrats (Samfunnsdemokratane) 2
Total number of members:27
Gloppen kommunestyre 2012–2015 [13]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 9
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
  Social Democrats (Samfunnsdemokratane) 4
Total number of members:27
Gloppen kommunestyre 2008–2011 [12]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 3
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 13
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Gloppen kommunestyre 2004–2007 [12]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 3
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 13
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Gloppen kommunestyre 2000–2003 [12]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 12
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:33
Gloppen kommunestyre 1996–1999 [14]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 15
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:33
Gloppen kommunestyre 1992–1995 [15]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 15
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:33
Gloppen kommunestyre 1988–1991 [16]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 13
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Socialist Common List (Sosialistisk Samlingsliste)1
Total number of members:33
Gloppen kommunestyre 1984–1987 [17]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 12
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Socialist Common List (Sosialistisk Samlingsliste)1
Total number of members:33
Gloppen kommunestyre 1980–1983 [18]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Breim's List (Breim si liste)8
Total number of members:33
Gloppen kommunestyre 1976–1979 [19]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 6
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Local list for Inner Breim (Krinsliste for Indre Breim)5
 Local list for Lower Breim (Krinsliste for Nedre Breim)3
Total number of members:33
Gloppen kommunestyre 1972–1975 [20]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 8
Total number of members:33
Gloppen kommunestyre 1968–1971 [21]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 9
Total number of members:33
Gloppen kommunestyre 1964–1967 [22]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 17
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:33
Gloppen heradsstyre 1960–1963 [23]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 13
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:29
Gloppen heradsstyre 1956–1959 [24]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 13
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:29
Gloppen heradsstyre 1952–1955 [25]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 12
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:29
Gloppen heradsstyre 1948–1951 [26]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 3
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 16
Total number of members:29
Gloppen heradsstyre 1945–1947 [27]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 3
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 26
Total number of members:29
Gloppen heradsstyre 1938–1941* [28]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 13
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 9
Total number of members:29
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

The mayor (ordførar) of a municipality in Norway is a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. The mayors of Gloppen:[29]

  • 1838–1838: Christoffer Nielsen Scherdahlen
  • 1839–1844: Rasmus Rolfsen Arnet
  • 1844–1845: Gabriel R. Aasebø
  • 1846–1847: Rasmus L. Gaasemyr
  • 1848–1851: Jørgen Meier Heffermehl
  • 1852–1855: Rasmus L. Gaasemyr
  • 1856–1865: Jørgen Meyer Heffermehl
  • 1866–1869: Abraham V. Heffermehl
  • 1870–1883: Ole Josefson Hestenes
  • 1884–1886: Jakob J. Myklebust (V)
  • 1886–1893: Ole Josefson Hestenes
  • 1894–1902: Johan C. Bugge
  • 1903–1913: Jakob J. Lothe
  • 1914–1919: Jon A. Vereide
  • 1919–1922: Elias Faleide (V)
  • 1923–1928: Jon A. Vereide
  • 1928–1941: Elias Faleide (V)
  • 1942–1945: Martin R. Andenes (NS)
  • 1945–1947: Elias Faleide (V)
  • 1947–1956: Alf Gloppestad
  • 1956–1962: John Austrheim (Sp)
  • 1962–1964: Elias Eimhjellen
  • 1965–1967: Johnny Bakke (V)
  • 1968-1975: Ola M. Hestenes (Sp)
  • 1976-1988: Olav Moritsgård (Sp)
  • 1988-1999: Nils R. Sandal (Sp)
  • 1999-2015: Anders Ryssdal (Sp)
  • 2015–present: Leidulf Gloppestad (Sp)

Geography

The municipality is located southern shores of the Nordfjorden. To the north is the municipality of Eid, to the east is Stryn, to the south is Naustdal and Jølster, and to the west is Flora and Bremanger. There are two fjords that branch off the main fjord into Gloppen: Hyefjorden and Gloppefjorden.

Gloppen has a natural landscape with virtually unspoiled nature ranging from sea level up to high-alpine mountains of some 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) height. Snønipa is the highest mountain in the municipality and is located at the Myklebustbreen glacier. The lakes Breimsvatn and Emhjellevatnet are, respectively, the first and second largest lakes in Gloppen. There are also some large glaciers such as Ålfotbreen, Gjegnalundsbreen, and Myklebustbreen. The river Gloppeelva runs from the lake Breimsvatnet to the Gloppefjorden.

Climate

Gloppen has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification), also known as a marine west coast climate. The wettest season is autumn and winter, with December as the wettest month. The driest season is April - August. The driest month May gets about a third of the average precipitation in December. The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below 0 °C (32.0 °F)) in spring is 27 April[30] and average date for first freeze in autumn is 15 October[31] giving a frost-free season of 170 days (1981-2010 average). In January 1987, Sandane recorded a low of −19.5 °C (−3.1 °F)), and June 2020 recorded a high of 31.2 °C (88.2 °F)). In October 2005, Sandane recorded 24 °C (75.2 °F)), which was new October record for Vestland province. The Sandane weather station started recording in June 1957. There is also a weather station at Sandane Airport, showing similar temperatures. Up on the Ålfotbreen glacier, partly in the municipality, precipitation is estimated to be around 6,000 millimetres (240 in) annually.[32]

Climate data for Sandane 1991–2020 (51 m)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 3.4
(38.1)		 3.5
(38.3)		 5.8
(42.4)		 10
(50)		 14.2
(57.6)		 17.3
(63.1)		 19.5
(67.1)		 18.6
(65.5)		 14.9
(58.8)		 9.7
(49.5)		 5.9
(42.6)		 3.5
(38.3)		 10.5
(50.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0)		 0.7
(33.3)		 2.5
(36.5)		 6
(43)		 9.7
(49.5)		 13
(55)		 15.4
(59.7)		 14.8
(58.6)		 11.4
(52.5)		 6.6
(43.9)		 3.3
(37.9)		 1.2
(34.2)		 7.1
(44.8)
Average low °C (°F) −1.7
(28.9)		 −2.1
(28.2)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 2.4
(36.3)		 5.4
(41.7)		 9.1
(48.4)		 11.6
(52.9)		 11.2
(52.2)		 8.2
(46.8)		 3.8
(38.8)		 0.8
(33.4)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 3.9
(39.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 155
(6.1)		 122
(4.8)		 110
(4.3)		 66
(2.6)		 62
(2.4)		 69
(2.7)		 71
(2.8)		 96
(3.8)		 129
(5.1)		 153
(6.0)		 150
(5.9)		 174
(6.9)		 1,357
(53.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 16 15 15 12 10 11 12 15 14 15 15 17 167
Source 1: yr.no/Met.no [33]
Source 2: Noaa WMO averages 91-2020 Norway [34]

Economy

The dominant trades and industries in Gloppen are agriculture and farming. The municipal centre Sandane is also home to a college of secondary education and a branch of Sogn og Fjordane University College which specialized in music therapy (this school closed in 2005). The Firda Upper Secondary School is located in Sandane.

Attractions

Karnilshaugen

Gloppen is the site of Karnils tumulus burial mound (Norwegian: Karnilshaugen) from the Old Norse word haugr meaning mound or barrow. Karnilshaugen or Tinghaugen på Hauge is located on the Hauge farm west of Sandane. Karnilshaugen is probably one of the ten largest mounds in Nordfjord. The burial mound was built on top of Tinghaug, the site of a Thing (assembly). Tinghaug was a place of public gathering, for cultural events and religious actions.[35][36]

Notable people
Sigrid Moldestad, 2013
  • Knut Gjengedal (1900 in Gloppen – 1973), a schoolteacher, novelist, short story writer and children's writer.
  • John Austrheim (1912 in Gloppen – 1995), a farmer and politician, Mayor of Gloppen 1955-1962
  • Ola M. Hestenes (1919 in Gloppen – 2008), a politician, Mayor of Gloppen 1968-1976
  • Nils R. Sandal (born 1950 in Breim), a Norwegian politician, Mayor of Gloppen 1987–1999
  • Sigrid Moldestad (born 1972 in Breim), a folk singer, musician, fiddler and instrumentalist
  • Anne-Pia Nygård (born 1977 in Sandane), a Norwegian diasabled writer

Sport

References
  1. "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  4. Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  5. Jukvam, Dag (1999). Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  6. Rygh, Oluf (1919). Norske gaardnavne: Nordre Bergenhus amt (in Norwegian) (12 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 455.
  7. "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. 7 April 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  8. "Gloppen, Sogn og Fjordane (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  9. "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 19 December 1986. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  10. Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  11. "Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2019 - Vestland". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  12. "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  13. "Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Sogn og Fjordane". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  14. "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  15. "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  16. "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  17. "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  18. "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  19. "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  20. "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  21. "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  22. "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  23. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  24. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  25. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  26. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  27. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  28. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  29. "Ordførarar i Gloppen kommune". NRK: Fylkesleksikon (in Norwegian Nynorsk). Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  30. "Siste frostnatt om våren". 4 May 2012.
  31. "Første frostnatt". 25 September 2013.
  32. "Brear og klima".
  33. "yr.no statistics Sandane". yr.no. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  34. "NOAA WMO normals Norway 1991-2020".
  35. Informasjonstavle i Karnilstunet, ved Karnilshaugen (Satt opp av «Stiftelsen Karnilstunet». 2001)
  36. Karnilshaugen på gården Hauge i Sandane, Gloppen, Norge (Solverv)

Other sources
  • Sandal, Per (1992). Soga om Gloppen og Breim. Vol. III. ISBN 82-992720-0-9.

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